Psychology of Counseling Test Questions
Course Introduction
Psychology of Counseling explores the fundamental theories, techniques, and applications used in the practice of counseling within diverse settings. This course examines the major counseling approaches such as psychodynamic, humanistic, cognitive-behavioral, and multicultural perspectives while addressing ethical, professional, and cultural considerations. Students gain an understanding of the counselors role in assisting clients through the processes of self-awareness, problem-solving, and personal growth. Through case studies, role-playing, and reflective exercises, learners develop foundational counseling skills to foster effective communication, empathy, and therapeutic relationships.
Recommended Textbook
Theory and Treatment Planning in Counseling and Psychotherapy 2nd Edition by
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16 Chapters
479 Verified Questions
479 Flashcards
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Diane R. Gehart
Chapter 1: Counseling Theory, Competency, Research, and
You: Connecting the Dots
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of importance to the impact of counseling is the placebo effect,which refers to which of the following?
A) The therapist's hope that change can be made.
B) The client's belief that counseling will help them resolve their problem.
C) The client's belief that the therapist can fix their problem.
D) The family's support of the client during counseling.
Answer: B
Q2) Regarding person-of-the-therapist competence,research indicates that clients need to feel _____________,_______________,and _________________.
A) hope; safety; confidence
B) heard; understood; accepted
C) trusted; competent; appreciated
D) valued; intelligent; capable
Answer: B
Q3) There is much disagreement between professional mental health organizations and federal and state laws regarding the key issues and principles.
A)True
B)False
Answer: FALSE
3
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Chapter 2: Treatment Planning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Aftercare plans identify all of the following EXCEPT: _____________________.
A) what the client did to make the changes they have made
B) how the client will maintain their success
C) how the client will handle the next set of challenges in their lives
D) how the client demonstrated resistance during treatment
Answer: C
Q2) Diversity can be addressed in treatment tasks by doing all of the following EXCEPT:
A) disregarding the possibility of marginalization and discrimination in the assessment process
B) using humor with teens or men
C) adopting a more formal, respectful relational style with immigrants
D) incorporating spirituality
Answer: A
Q3) Clinical treatment plans _____________________________________________.
A) are the same as theory-based treatment plans
B) are based on the medical model
C) include therapeutic tasks, client goals, and interventions
D) provide a limited view of the client and system
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Psychoanalytic and Psychodynamic Counseling and Psychotherapy
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30 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ronald is a 37-year-old man,presenting in counseling for what he labels as stress.He is a first-year graduate student in a counseling program who left his previous career because of a downfall in the economy resulting in the loss of his job.Ronald reports that he gets very sweaty,nauseous,and tense when going to school.Ronald has missed 1 class this semester due to his symptoms,and cannot afford to miss anymore.Choose the best example of an initial phase psychodynamic goal for this client.
A) Decrease client's attempts to avoid existential angst and responsibility to reduce anxiety.
B) Increase empowerment and feelings of "mattering" to reduce anxiety.
C) Decrease emotional reactivity to perceived threats to self to reduce anxiety.
D) Increase coping skills necessary to reduce symptoms of anxiety.
Answer: C
Q2) Psychoanalytic and psychodynamic approaches share the basic practice of
A) modifying client behavior
B) conceptualizing negative problem talk
C) working through client-therapist dynamics toward action
D) fostering client insight into their personality dynamics
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Jungian Analytic Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Martin expresses feeling conflicted about being a good father,husband and provider and about being angry at his wife.This is best understood by which concept?
A) personality type
B) complexes
C) polarities
D) individuation
Q2) Regarding Jungian counseling,what is meant by "healer,heal thyself"?
Q3) Jungian analytical concepts provide significant ways to engage culture and spirituality but caution must be applied to concepts such as individuation to prevent cultural bias.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Analyzing childhood experiences,symbols,dreams,and archetypes to bring the unconscious to conscious awareness is an intervention typical of the _______________ phase of Jungian analysis.
A) assessment
B) initial
C) closing
D) working
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Chapter 5: Adlerian Individual Counseling
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Sample Questions
Q1) Encouragement is a key concept in Adlerian counseling and requires the counselor to believe that clients can change their lives and to inspire them to take real-world action based on insight.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The counselor's primary role in this approach is __________________,helping the client to understand mistaken beliefs and improve social relatedness.
A) expert
B) educator
C) partner
D) objective witness.
Q3) Work with Budi reveals that he has a profession he enjoys and family connections,but that he has little connection in friendships in the community.This information would come through the assessment of ____________________________.
A) style of life
B) basic mistakes
C) life tasks
D) treatment tasks
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Person-Centered Counseling and Psychotherapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Humanistic-existential counseling approaches are sometimes referred to as ___________ approaches because they focus on a client's inner experience.
A) unconscious
B) traditional
C) experiential
D) conscious
Q2) The concept of unconditional positive regard is most accurately explained in which of the following statements?
A) The counselor never confronts the client.
B) The counselor focuses on the client's basic human worth,
C) The counselor is always kind.
D) The counselor only focuses on the clients' positive qualities.
Q3) _____________ is based on the premise that all people tend naturally toward positive growth.
A) Optimism
B) Philanthropy
C) Humanism
D) Postmodernism.
Q4) How does culture affect how one expresses empathy?
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Chapter 7: Existential Counseling and Psychotherapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) What do existential counselors believe about the purpose of life?
Q2) In existential counseling,the counselor-client relationship involves cultivating the type of presence that characterizes I-Thou connections.The experience of the client is best described in which of the following statements?
A) The client's inherent tendency to strive for positive growth is activated.
B) The client is able to develop awareness and differentiate self from non-self.
C) The client is encouraged to promote social change to reduce forms of oppression.
D) The client feels "seen" and "heard" on a profound level.
Q3) A paradoxical intention would be most appropriate for all of the following client problems EXCEPT:
A) fear of public places.
B) fear of isolation.
C) fear of spiders.
D) fear of public speaking.
Q4) Describe the concept of death anxiety from an existential counseling perspective.
Q5) What are three interventions that existential counselors utilize in session? Describe each.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Gestalt Counseling and Psychotherapy
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Q1) All of the following statements are true about the dream work of gestalt counseling EXCEPT:
A) meanings of dreams are predetermined and applied to clients accordingly.
B) the counselor does not know the interpretation of the dream better than the client.
C) dreams are attempts to integrate parts of the self.
D) the counselor and the client explore how parts of self interact in the dream.
Q2) The primary goal of Gestalt counseling is _____________________________.
A) reduction of symptoms
B) self-realization
C) awareness
D) emotional regulation
Q3) To increase awareness,Gestalt counselors often encourage clients to ________________.
A) modify their language
B) speak to an empty chair
C) stay with difficult feelings
D) write down their dreams
Q4) What is meant by an "experiential" approach to therapy?
Q5) What is the person of the counselor and why is it important?
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Chapter 9: Foundational Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches
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Q1) Working with clients to accept difficult thoughts and emotions in order to transform them is used by _____________________________.
A) rational approaches
B) mindfulness-based approaches
C) reality therapy approaches
D) behavioral approaches
Q2) Behavioralists argue that the ______________ is responsible for choosing thoughts and beliefs that results in healthy behaviors and positive emotions.
A) individual
B) family
C) counselor
D) brain.
Q3) Ann is seeing a cognitive-behavioral counselor who asks her to log the frequency,duration,and severity of anxiety.The counselor is assessing Ann's
A) baseline functioning
B) conscious process
C) compliance
D) symptoms
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Chapter 10: Evidence-Based Cognitive-Behavioral
Approaches: Dialectic Behavior Therapy and Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Regarding the case study of April,the client has a history of arriving late to sessions,missing appointments,and ending therapy abruptly.During case conceptualization these would be considered examples of which of the following?
A) therapy-interfering behaviors
B) quality of life-interfering behaviors
C) behavior chain analysis
D) avoidance
Q2) Regarding interventions,DBT counselors teach all of the following skills EXCEPT:
A) mindfulness and wise mind.
B) emotional regulation.
C) psychological regulation.
D) distress tolerance.
Q3) _____________________ is delivered through a comprehensive program of individual and group treatment modalities,including phone support and case consultation.
A) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
B) Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
C) Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (TF-CBT)
D) Traditional behavioral therapy (TBT)
Q4) What is the cognitive triangle and what is it used for? Page 12
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Chapter 11: Systemic Family Counseling and Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jamie,a systemic counselor,is working with Don,who reports having repeated arguments several time a week with his girlfriend because he gets upset when she is running late.Which of the following is an example of a suggestion Jamie might make to interrupt and alter this pattern?
A) Don should avoid saying anything to his girlfriend.
B) Don should first give her a sincere compliment before making a comment about her running late.
C) Don should tell his girlfriend about he feels unloved when she runs late.
D) Don should firmly tell her that if she is late again, he will break up with her.
Q2) The concept of "joining" a system is best described by which of the following statements?
A) The counselor verbally expresses empathy toward the client.
B) The client accommodates the counselor's position.
C) The client projects onto the counselor.
D) The counselor accommodates to the client.
Q3) What are the benefits of using systemic therapy with diverse client populations?
Q4) List and describe 3 effective interventions employed by systemic therapists?
Q5) How does homeostasis play a role in the family structure and system?
Q6) How are symptoms viewed by systemic therapists?
Page 14
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Chapter 12: Solution-Based Approaches
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Sample Questions
Q1) In solution-based counseling,__________ are viewed as intimately connected with a client's context,but are not considered curative.
A) solutions
B) emotions
C) strengths
D) problems.
Q2) Solution-based counselors believe that ______________ is inevitable and always possible.
A) happiness
B) satisfaction
C) hope
D) change
Q3) Assessing client strengths can be achieved by __________________________________.
A) listening carefully for examples of the problems
B) suggesting interventions for the client to use
C) utilizing exceptional questions
D) directly asking about strengths, hobbies, and areas of life that are going well
Q4) What is the role of the counselor in solution-focused counseling?
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Chapter 13: Narrative and Collaborative Approaches
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Sample Questions
Q1) Narrative counseling is based on the premise that we "story" and ____________________________ using available dominant discourses-broad societal stories,socio-cultural practices,assumptions,expectations about how we should live.
A) celebrate
B) make excuses
C) create meaning of life events
D) engage in fantasy
Q2) The counseling relationship in Collaborative language systems is best described as a ________________; a process of being with the client,respecting the client's knowledge and expertise,and responding in a collaborative and dialogical mode.
A) hierarchical relationship
B) egalitarian relationship
C) mutually congruent relationship
D) conversational partnership
Q3) What role does curiosity play in collaborative counseling?
Q4) What is externalizing and how is it used in narrative counseling?
Q5) What is the philosophic stance of a collaborative counselor and how does it affect the therapeutic relationship?
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Chapter 14: Feminist and Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy
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28 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) In general,most schools of feminist and multicultural counseling will consider all of the following aspects of a person's experience EXCEPT:
A) effect of gender.
B) effect of irrational emotion.
C) effect of culture.
D) effect of relationship.
Q2) An appropriate goal for the initial phase of therapy with Jayla might include which of the following?
A) Increase empowerment and feelings of "mattering" to reduce feelings of depression.
B) Increasing awareness of politics-as personal to reduce specific symptoms.
C) Increasing advocacy and social justice efforts to reduce sense of disempowerment.
D) Assertiveness training to learn how to balance asserting her needs while respecting those of her boyfriend.
Q3) How do feminist counselors view diagnosis?
Q4) How does connection play a role in feminist counseling?
Q5) How do political issues play a role in a person's internal reality according to feminist counseling?
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Chapter 15: Introduction to Theoretical Integration
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Sample Questions
Q1) From the perspective of the _______________ approach,the truth is contextual and the counseling relationship is an empathic one in which the counselor serves to participate in the system in order to "perturb" it so that it can reorganize itself.
A) modernism
B) post-modernism
C) systemic
D) phenomenological
Q2) All of the following are types of integration EXCEPT:
A) common factors.
B) assimilative integration.
C) systemic treatment selection.
D) favorite intervention integration.
Q3) Models that provide an organized template for integrating theories that incorporate evidence-based practices and target appropriate treatment for a specific client are referred to as __________________________.
A) common factors approach
B) theoretical integration
C) systemic treatment selection
D) evidence-based approaches
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Chapter 16: Integrative Case Conceptualization
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Q1) In family systemic conceptualization,which of the following is a stage of the family life cycle?
A) Intimacy vs. Isolation
B) Launching Children
C) Good Interpersonal Relationships
D) Latency
Q2) All of the following are true about identifying client strengths during the conceptualization of the case EXCEPT:
A) assessing client strengths can give the counselor hope for the client
B) assessing client strengths can strengthen the counseling relationship
C) assessing for client strengths should be done at the end of the assessment
D) assessing for client strengths should be done at the beginning of the assessment
Q3) In behavioral counseling,assessment focuses on observable symptoms.In order to measure a client's progress in therapy it is first necessary to get
A) a sense of relationship patterns
B) an assessment of defense mechanisms
C) a baseline of symptomatic behavior
D) one's road map for life
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