Psychology of Adolescence Final
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Psychology of Adolescence explores the significant physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes that occur during the adolescent years. The course examines developmental theories and current research on topics such as identity formation, peer relationships, family dynamics, mental health, risk-taking behaviors, and the influence of culture and environment. Students will gain a comprehensive understanding of the unique challenges and opportunities that shape adolescent development, with a focus on practical implications for supporting youth through this critical life stage.
Recommended Textbook
Juvenile Delinquency The Core 4th Edition by
Larry J. Siegel
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14 Chapters
1050 Verified Questions
1050 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Childhood and Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) Transferring legal jurisdiction over the most serious and experienced juvenile offenders to the adult court for criminal prosecution is called _____________.
Answer: waiver (also bindover or removal)
Q2) In 1974, the U.S. Congress passed the _____________________________ that provides the major source of federal funding to improve states' juvenile justice systems.
Answer: Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act
Q3) Unlike adult defendants, children do not have the right to consult an attorney or be free from self-incrimination.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) About 5.5 million youths are arrested each year.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q5) The criteria on which juvenile sentencing is based is "____________________."
Answer: need for treatment
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Chapter 2: The Nature and Extent of Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) What does a UCR-reported murder rate of 5.4 mean?
A)About six people were murdered.
B)About six people in every 100,000 were murdered.
C)About six people a day were murdered.
D)About six people were arrested for murder per 10,000 arrests.
Answer: B
Q2) Compiled by the FBI, the __________________ is the most widely used source of national crime and delinquency statistics reporting crimes known to the police and the number of persons arrested.
Answer: Uniform Crime Report
Q3) According to the text, which of the following is not a childhood risk factor for persistent delinquency?
A)parental psychopathology
B)low intelligence
C)small family size
D)neighborhood disadvantage
Answer: C
Q4) The term ____________________ refers to the number of people who are victims of criminal acts.
Answer: victimization
4
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Chapter 3: Individual Views of Delinquency: Choice and Trait
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to choice theorists, offenders:
A)are rational actors who choose to crime because they believe their actions will be beneficial
B)are compelled to engage in crime because of specific physical or psychological conditions
C)developed abnormal personality types
D)have hormonal imbalances that have not been detected
Answer: A
Q2) As a rule, deterrence strategies are based on the idea of an "irrational" offender.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Cognitive theory contends that the choice to commit delinquent acts can be controlled by the threat of punishment; if people believe illegal behavior will result in severe sanctions, they will choose not to commit crimes.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Sociological Views of Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) Oscar Lewis coined the phrase ________________ to describe the crushing burden faced by the urban poor; it is marked by apathy, cynicism, helplessness, and mistrust of institutions.
Q2) Though national dropout rates are in decline, European American students have little more than a 50:50 chance of finishing high school with a diploma.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following would best describe a prevention effort advocated by a social structure theorist?
A)midnight basketball leagues to keep youths busy and occupied at night
B)adult mentors working with at risk youths to provide prosocial role models
C)increasing the penalties for delinquency to deter would be offenders
D)community redevelopment including educational programs and job training
Q4) According to Robert Merton, ____________________ occurs when individuals feel social and psychological strain due to a lack of acceptable means for achieving success.
Q5) _________________________ is a condition that exists when people of wealth and poverty live in close proximity to one another; it may produce feelings of anger and hostility.
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Chapter 5: Developmental Views of Delinquency: Life
Course and Latent Trait
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify and compare the two types of developmental theories discussed in the text.
Q2) ______________________ refers to a cluster of antisocial behaviors which include family dysfunction, substance abuse, smoking, precocious sexuality and early pregnancy.
A)Problem behavior syndrome
B)Minimal brain dysfunction
C)Social anxiety disorder
D)Antisocial personality
Q3) A person with high self control is not likely to:
A)study martial arts
B)compare colleges to attend
C)use inhalants and smoke pot
D)tutor fellow students
Q4) Latent trait theories assume that an individual's behavior is linked less to personal change than to changes in the surrounding world.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Someone that is _______________ lacks in thought or deliberation in decision making.
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Chapter 6: Gender and Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to _____________________, females are less delinquent than males because their social roles provide fewer opportunities to commit crimes.
A)liberal feminists
B)radical feminists
C)psychodynamic theory
D)Marxist theory
Q2) In 1925, Cyril Burt:
A)found that females are more aggressive than males.
B)linked female delinquency to menstruation.
C)found no association between female delinquency and menstruation.
D)found the majority of females who experience menstruation related anxiety engage in crime.
Q3) According to Freud, psychological conflict in girls was caused by ____________, which resulted in an inferiority complex in girls.
Q4) Moore's study of gang girls in East Los Angeles found that about 30 percent of the females reported that family members made sexual advances towards them.
A)True
B)False
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8
Chapter 7: The Family and Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) In ____________________, the Court ruled that one-way CCTV could serve as the equivalent of in court testimony and would not interfere with the defendant's right to confront witnesses.
A)Jones v. Kentucky
B)White v. Illinois
C)Maryland v. Craig
D)Kramer v. Kramer
Q2) At the ________________________, the attorney for the social services agency presents an overview of the case, and a plea bargain or negotiated settlement can be agreed to in a consent decree.
Q3) Identify and discuss the four categories of family dysfunction that promote delinquent behavior.
Q4) ___________________ refers to deprivations children suffer at the hands of their parents, such as lack of food, shelter, and adequate health care.
A)Physical abuse
B)Physical neglect
C)Emotional abuse
D)Educational neglect
Q5) Describe and discuss how parenting impacts delinquency.
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Chapter 8: Peers and Delinquency: Juvenile Gangs and Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to control theory, delinquents are as detached from their peers as they are from other elements of society.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to the "social injury" view, female members are still sexually exploited by male gang boys and are sometimes forced to exploit other females.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to the text, __________________ are aggressive kids who are either highly liked or intensely disliked by their peers.
A)controversial status youth
B)millennium ragers
C)street punks
D)honor roll students
Q4) "Prestige crimes" occur when a gang members steals or assaults someone to get out of the gang.
A)True
B)False
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Schools and Delinquency
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Sample Questions
Q1) Only 9 percent of the chronic offenders in Wolfgang's Philadelphia cohort study graduated from high school, compared to 74 percent of non-offenders.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Identify and discuss at least four of the seven school security efforts presented in the text.
Q3) Schools can drug test student athletes according to the United States Supreme Court decision in:
A)New Jersey v. T.L.O.
B)Goss v. Lopez
C)Vernonia School District v. Acton
D)Ingraham v. Wright
Q4) In Good News Club v. Milford Central School (2001), the Supreme Court required an upstate New York school district to provide space for an after-school __________________ for elementary students.
Q5) Identify and discuss how two educational trends and two educational problems facing impact delinquency rates.
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Chapter 10: Drug Use and Delinquency
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Q1) _____________________ is defined as having five or more alcoholic drinks on the same occasion on at least five different days in the pasty thirty days.
Q2) MacCoun and Reuter contend that adolescent drug dealers make about ______________ per month.
Q3) Research on adolescent drug users in Miami found drinking with an adult present can be a significant precursor of substance abuse and delinquency.
A)True
B)False
Q4) ___________________ is the most powerful natural stimulant; its use produces euphoria, restlessness, and excitement, while overdoses can cause delirium, violent manic behavior, and respiratory failure.
Q5) A _________________________ approach involves efforts to minimize the harmful effects caused by drug use.
Q6) According to the text, heroin is the most dangerous commonly used drug for both adults and juveniles
A)True
B)False
Q7) Methedrine is the most widely used and most dangerous ___________________.
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Chapter 11: The History and Development of Juvenile Justice
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Q1) In 1817 prominent New Yorkers formed the ________________________, which viewed the moral training of youths from the dangerous classes as inadequate.
A)Society for the Prevention of Pauperism
B)Coalition for City Wide Improvement
C)Society of Moral Righteousness
D)Institute for Social Betterment
Q2) Secure pretrial holding facilities are called ____________________ rather than jails in the juvenile justice system.
Q3) According to the latest statistics, about half of all children arrested are referred to the juvenile court.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899, children should not be held as accountable as adult transgressors.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Identify and discuss the pressing issues in the future of juvenile justice presented in the text.
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Chapter 12: Police Work With Juveniles
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Q1) In the case People v. Lara, the court ruled that a juvenile may waive their Miranda rights, but the test of the validity of the waiver is the totality of the circumstances.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In misdemeanor cases, the police officer must personally observe the crime to place a suspect in custody.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The ______________ system was the organization of men in early English society who patrolled areas at night to protect against disturbances and breaches of the peace.
A)posse system
B)watch system
C)guardian angel system
D)Knights of Columbus system
Q4) Study after study find that Native American teens are the most likely to view the police as dishonest.
A)True
B)False
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Juvenile Court Process: Pretrial, Trial, and Sentencing
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Q1) In a _______________________, a hearing is held before a juvenile court judge who then decides whether jurisdiction should be waived and the case transferred to the adult court.
A)reverse waiver
B)concurrent jurisdiction
C)judicial waiver
D)statutory exclusion
Q2) Once the agency makes a decision that judicial disposition is required, a ____________ is filed.
A)petition
B)waiver
C)indictment
D)arrest warrant
Q3) In Schall v. Martin, the United States Supreme Court ruled that preventive detention violated the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments because the majority of detained youths were eventually placed on probation.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Compare and contrast indeterminate, determinate, and mandatory sentences.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Juvenile Corrections: Probation, Community
Treatment, and Institutionalization
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Q1) Balanced probation systems:
A)integrate community protection, juvenile accountability, and individualized attention
B)integrate retribution and deterrence
C)integrate rehabilitation and victim-offender reconciliation
D)integrate formal surveillance and informal surveillance of teachers, parents, and neighbors
Q2) Open institutions are correctional institutions that restrict the movement of juveniles but not their adult residents.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following juveniles is the most likely recipient of Juvenile Intensive Probation Supervision?
A)status offenders
B)first time property offenders
C)juveniles who would normally be sent to secure facilities
D)juveniles who would normally be waived to the adult system
Q4) In __________________, the offender is required to stay home during specific periods of time.
Page 16
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