Psychology for Non-Majors
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Psychology for Non-Majors offers an accessible introduction to the fundamental concepts, theories, and research methods of psychology for students from diverse academic backgrounds. The course explores major topics such as biological bases of behavior, learning and memory, emotion, development, personality, and social interaction, with an emphasis on real-life applications. Through interactive lectures, discussions, and practical examples, students gain insights into how psychological principles can inform personal growth, interpersonal relationships, and everyday decision-making. This course is designed to enhance critical thinking and self-awareness while providing a broad understanding of the relevance of psychology in various fields.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology From Inquiry to Understanding 3rd Edition by Scott O. Lilienfeld
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Chapter 1: Psychology and Scientific Thinking
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Q1) Time,expertise,and resources are all obstacles that A)diminish skepticism.
B)diminish metaphysical claims.
C)increase reliance on authorities.
D)increase reliance on empiricism.
Answer: C
Q2) Because none of us wants to believe we are wrong,we are usually reluctant to give up cherished notions.This phenomenon is known as A)belief perseverance.
B)the confirmation bias.
C)the availability heuristic.
D)the fundamental attribution.
Answer: A
Q3) According to the authors,much of the knowledge from popular psychology sources
A)is consistent with the results of psychological research.
B)is contradicted by what psychological research has demonstrated.
C)is not able to be studied empirically.
D)is of no or very little interest to psychologists.
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 1: Exsetntion: Psychology and Scientific Thinking
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Q1) A psychologist is often skeptical of claims suggesting that A)people are influenced by others' thoughts and behaviors.
B)a particular behavior is the result of a single causal variable.
C)a person's culture is a strong influence on his or her everyday thoughts and behaviors.
D)a person's future behavior is often difficult to predict accurately.
Answer: B
Q2) Assuming that something is true simply because a teacher or religious authority said it is so,is an example of the _____ fallacy.
A)appeal to authority
B)circular reasoning
C)hasty generalization
D)naturalistic
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Research Methods
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Q1) After carefully observing thousands of students,Dr.O'Brien revealed to his colleagues that students with brown eyes are statistically more likely to write with pens instead of pencils.Although his colleagues did not question his statistics,they did suggest that a finding such as this lacked
A)authenticity.
B)validity.
C)statistical measures.
D)practical significance.
Answer: D
Q2) The peer review process is designed to
A)block alternative therapies from being made available to the general public.
B)identify flaws in a research study's methods,findings,and conclusions.
C)make researchers feel bad when their article is not published.
D)place obstacles in front of people whose theories differ from mainstream science.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Exsetntion: Research Methods
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Q1) A mechanism by which experts in a field carefully screen the work of their colleagues is known as
A)experimental validity.
B)experimenter bias effect.
C)peer review.
D)peer assessment.
Q2) Which of the following is one of the two types of statistics that researchers use to analyze the data that they collect?
A)Predictive statistics
B)Constrictive statistics
C)Descriptive statistics
D)Computational statistics
Q3) Dr.Potter,an English professor,is curious about his students' attitudes toward one of his favorite books.What research method is he most likely to use to gather this information?
A)Survey
B)Case Study
C)Experiment
D)Naturalistic observation
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Page 6
Chapter 3: Biological Psychology
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Q1) People's genetic makeup is their
A)genotype.
B)phenotype.
C)mRNA.
D)genome.
Q2) Jack suffered a brain injury as a result of hitting his head while waterskiing.One of the problems that developed was that Jack could not pronounce certain words correctly for a long period of time until he had extensive speech therapy and can now speak as he did before his accident.This is an example of the brain's _____,which allowed the structure and function of his brain cells to change to adjust to the trauma.
A)Adaptology
B)Stagnation
C)Plasticity
D)Reflex arc
Q3) The _____ is sometimes called the emergency center of the body.
A)pineal gland
B)pituitary gland
C)thyroid gland
D)adrenal gland
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Page 7
Chapter 3: Exsetntion: Biological Psychology
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Q1) Which of the following statements is true?
A)Many parts of the brain appear to have no useful function in today's world.
B)Losses of small areas of certain parts of the brain rarely cause devastating,often permanent,losses of function.
C)All the brain areas become active on brain scans at one time or another as we think,feel,and perceive.
D)Every part of the brain has a redundant backup,which is why brain injuries are so rarely serious.
Q2) If the heritability of a particular trait is found to be 60 percent,then by definition the other 40 percent is due to
A)random chance that impacts every organism.
B)prenatal environmental influences,such as toxins or viruses.
C)the effects of gene mutation.
D)differences in the individual's environment.
Q3) _____ are slender threads inside of a cell's nucleus that carry genes.
A)Chromosomes
B)Ribosomes
C)Golgisomes
D)DNA strands
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Page 8
Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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Q1) When light enters the eye,it first passes through what structure?
A)Cornea
B)Lens
C)Pupil
D)Sclera
Q2) Cason is initially blinded as he walks out of a daytime movie.However,very rapidly his eyes begin to adjust to the bright light.What is the best explanation for his rapid recovery?
A)Perceptual adjustments
B)Sensory deprivation
C)Oversensitivity of his rods and cones
D)Sensory adaptation
Q3) The difference between high-definition television and regular television is analogous to which component of sound?
A)Pitch
B)Loudness
C)Amplitude
D)Timbre
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9
Chapter 4: Exsetntion: Sensation and Perception
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Q1) Brightness refers to the intensity of light.The corresponding term when discussing sound is A)hue.
B)loudness.
C)pitch.
D)timbre.
Q2) The monocular cue of _____ is being used when an artist places trees in front of riders to create a sense of depth when the picture is viewed.
A)interposition
B)light and shadow
C)linear perspective
D)relative size
Q3) The name given to the sense of our body position is A)gustation.
B)proprioception.
C)somatosensory sense.
D)the vestibular sense.
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10
Chapter 5: Consciousness
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Q1) Nathan was a psychologist in the 1930s.Which of the following would best represent his understanding of what happened inside the brain during sleep?
A)Humans pass through five distinct stages of sleep.
B)Humans,unlike animals,experience REM sleep but both experience non-REM sleep.
C)Neurons fire and create the biological underpinnings of dreams and nightmares as we sleep.
D)Nothing interesting happens as humans sleep through the night.
Q2) Which of the following pairs belong together?
A)Marijuana; tetrahydrocannabinol
B)Marijuana; psilocybin
C)Marijuana; acetylcholine
D)MDMA; acetylcholine
Q3) Enrico claims that déjà vu is evidence of a memory from one's past life.This claim violates which principle of critical thinking?
A)Falsifiability
B)Parsimony
C)Replicability
D)Ruling out rival hypotheses
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Chapter 5: Exsetntion: Consciousness
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Q1) We spend the greatest amount of time engaged in what altered state of consciousness?
A)Dreaming
B)Under the influence of drugs
C)Out-of-body experiences
D)Sleeping
Q2) Abdulkadir had a very strange thing happen to him last night.He was sound asleep in bed,and he was dreaming that he was at a party when he won the $250 million dollar lottery spin.As everyone was screaming,jumping up and down,and celebrating,Abdulkadir had the strangest sensation that he was actually dreaming.As it turns out,unfortunately,he was right.What principle explains this experience?
A)Lucid dreaming
B)Conscious dreaming
C)Unconscious dreaming
D)Sentient dreaming
Q3) What is the most frequently used illegal drug in the United States?
A)Alcohol
B)Cocaine
C)Marijuana
D)Methamphetamine
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Chapter 6: Learning
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Q1) After Pavlov's dogs became conditioned to salivate at the sound of the metronome,he experimented with sounding the metronome but not presenting the meat powder to the dogs.Soon they stopped salivating to the sound of the metronome.This represents the process called _____.
A)acquisition
B)testing
C)extinction
D)spontaneous recovery
Q2) Omar and Patrick sell magazine subscriptions by telephone.Omar is paid $1.00 for every 5 calls he makes,while Patrick is paid $1.00 for every subscription he sells.Omar is paid on a _____ _____ schedule while Patrick is paid on a _____schedule.
A)fixed ratio; variable ratio
B)fixed ratio; fixed interval
C)variable ratio; fixed ratio
D)fixed ratio; variable interval
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Chapter 6: Exsetntion: Learning
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Q1) Which of the following statements about learning is true?
A)Learning and maturation are related but different concepts.
B)Learning does not involve changes in thinking.
C)Learning does not involve changes in behavior.
D)Learning can occur without having an experience.
Q2) Which of the following is true concerning the treatment of phobias using classical conditioning?
A)Persons fearful of flying will need to avoid flying as a way to reduce this fear.
B)Persons fearful of flying will need to associate flying with something pleasurable to reduce this fear.
C)Persons fearful of flying will first need to address the unresolved conflicts in their lives that are contributing to this phobia in order to eliminate the fear of flying.
D)Persons fearful of flying will first need to address their childhood conflicts that are contributing this phobia in order to eliminate this fear of flying.
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14
Chapter 7: Memory
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Q1) Although you have never taken a class with Dr.Hua,you walk into class,sit down,open your notebook,and wait for the professor to begin his lecture.What concept is being illustrated?
A)Schema
B)Storage
C)Priming
D)Primacy effect
Q2) According to your textbook,some proponents of Scientology have suggested that negative statements overheard by fetuses,embryos,and even zygotes can be "reactivated" in adulthood,triggering low self-esteem and psychology difficulties.The research,however,has failed to support these claims.Which principle of critical thinking is best demonstrated by this example?
A)Occam's razor
B)Replicability
C)Extraordinary claims
D)Correlation vs.causation
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15
Chapter 7: Exsetntion: Memory
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Q1) Roseanne claims that she can remember instances of childhood sexual abuse that started at 6 months of age.Why are most psychologists likely to be skeptical of this and other such claims?
A)Because decay leads to almost immediate forgetting of newly learned information.
B)Because infantile amnesia makes it unlikely that these are true memories from that age.
C)Because proponents of the realism of such claims are charging less to treat the victims of this abuse than those who are dubious of the claims.
D)Repression inhibits the conscious recognition of traumatic events such as childhood sexual abuse.
Q2) The character of Dori from the movie Finding Nemo keeps complaining that she has short-term memory loss because she can't remember the name of the friend she just met.What is a more likely explanation for her memory failure?
A)Anterograde amnesia
B)Retrograde amnesia
C)Hippocampal damage
D)Blocking
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Page 16
Chapter 8: Thinking, Reasoning, and Language
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Q1) E-mail can often lead to misunderstandings.This is because
A)it lacks extralinguistic information.
B)people misspell more often with e-mail than with pen-and-paper writing.
C)of decreasing literacy levels.
D)most people read e-mail more rapidly than other written forms.
Q2) Which of the following brain areas is primarily involved in speech comprehension?
A)Corpus's area
B)Wernicke's area
C)Broca's area
D)Munchausen's area
Q3) Eduardo is from Brazil.He is fluent in both Portuguese and English.When he uses English to speak to you of his home in Brazil,he seems to have trouble remembering details.Yet when he is speaking Portuguese to another Brazilian,he has no trouble remembering.This phenomenon can be best explained by A)linguistic determinism.
B)linguistic relativity.
C)extralinguistic information.
D)cryptophasia.
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Chapter 8: Exsetntion: Thinking, Reasoning, and Language
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Q1) Some believe that twins often share a secret and distinct language.Research suggests that
A)cryptophasia is a true phenomenon for roughly half of all twins studied.
B)most twins develop language more quickly than singletons,leaving them free to develop new languages.
C)twins may be more susceptible to language delays,which appear to some observers as distinct language forms.
D)the secret language of twins is referred to as homesign.
Q2) What problem-solving strategies are essentially mental shortcuts?
A)Heuristics
B)Algorithms
C)Mnemonic devices
D)Cognitive shortcuts
Q3) It is possible to increase both our reading speed and comprehension,as long as our speed does not exceed _____ words per minute.
A)100
B)200
C)300
D)400
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Page 18
Chapter 9: Intelligence and IQ Testing
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Q1) The "Flynn effect" refers to
A)the finding that IQ scores have stayed the same over the last decade.
B)the finding that IQ scores have steadily increased over the last decade.
C)the finding that IQ scores have steadily decreased over the last decade.
D)the finding that IQ scores are negatively correlated with education levels.
Q2) What type of thinking could be described as taking different directions in search of a variety of answers to a question?
A)Decisive
B)Convergent
C)Heuristic
D)Divergent
Q3) The deviation IQ score
A)compares mental age to chronological age.
B)is an IQ score expressed as a standard deviation.
C)is a culture-free IQ score.
D)is an IQ relative to one's same-aged peers.
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Chapter 9: Exsetntion: Intelligence and IQ Testing
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Q1) Corrie is well liked by all her classmates.She has lots of friends and is always one of the first people chosen whenever there are group projects.According to Gardner,at which type of intelligence does Corrie likely excel?
A)Interpersonal
B)Intrapersonal
C)Naturalistic
D)Spatial
Q2) A person starts from one point and comes up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point.The person is engaging in _____.
A)functional thinking
B)circular thinking
C)convergent thinking
D)divergent thinking
Q3) Which movement was Hitler's rise to power and his quest to produce the master race analogous to?
A)Ebonics
B)Darwinism
C)Genocide
D)Eugenics
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Page 20
Chapter 10: Human Development
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Q1) Responses to moral dilemmas are only moderately correlated with actual behavior.Which of the following may be seen to increase the strength of correlations between hypothetical responses and actual behavior?
A)Posing dilemmas focused on abstract situations not likely to be faced by respondents
B)Posing dilemmas focused on life-or-death decisions that will lead to more honest responding
C)Posing dilemmas focused on lighthearted subjects that will put respondents more at ease
D)Posing dilemmas focused on realistic situations that are likely to be faced on a regular basis
Q2) Which of the following physical changes is associated with aging in men?
A)A loss of ability to hear low-pitched sounds
B)A reduction in testosterone levels
C)A reduction in interest in his career
D)An increase in the speed at which a man gets an erection
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Chapter 10: Exsetntion: Human Development
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Q1) Lyette has recently given birth to her first child.She decides to start playing classical music near the baby's crib at night so that the child will develop greater intelligence.Which of the following may be an explanation for why such strategies appear to have some impact on the developing child?
A)These strategies are like "vegetables for the brain," and impact virtually every area of brain growth and development.This is why it is a good idea to play classical music for a child even before (s)he is born.
B)These strategies impact the use of echoic memory,which is distinctly tied to the ability to boost intellectual growth.
C)These strategies boost the activity of the temporal lobes,which are responsible for both hearing and intellectual development.Therefore,long-term intelligence improvement is likely to occur.
D)These strategies boost short-term arousal,which may help performance on mentally demanding tasks for a brief period of time; however,there is no evidence that they will impact long-term intelligence.
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22
Chapter 11: Emotion and Motivation
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Q1) Commitment without intimacy or passion might be referred to as
A)fatuous love.
B)companionate love.
C)empty love.
D)liking.
Q2) Types of gestures and movements that can display our emotions are called
A)facial feedback.
B)nonverbal leakage.
C)mere exposure.
D)primary emotions.
Q3) Before entering first grade,little Mina used to love to read books.Once school started,her teacher began a program to motivate her students to read.She began to give stars to those children who finished a new book.As a result,Mina no longer reads while she is at home.What has likely occurred?
A)Mina's intrinsic motivation decreased.
B)Mina's extrinsic motivation decreased.
C)Mina's intrinsic motivation was unchanged.
D)Mina's intrinsic motivation was increased.
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Chapter 11: Exsetntion: Emotion and Motivation
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Q1) "Look at those two,they can't keep their hands off of each other! They've only been on two dates,and they barely know each other!" What type of love is being depicted?
A)Companionate
B)Infatuation
C)Committed
D)Intimate
Q2) Which of the following factors is the best predictor of homosexuality?
A)Being left-handed or right-handed
B)Engaging in gender nonconformity
C)Being sexually attracted to the members of the same sex
D)Feeling estranged from your same sex peers
Q3) According to the discrete emotions theory,emotions _____.
A)differ significantly across cultures
B)are independent of physiological responses at all
C)exist to serve evolutionary functions
D)are found only in civilized cultures
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Chapter 12: Stress, Coping, and Health
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Q1) Edgar is learning deep-breathing techniques to reduce anxiety about having been robbed at knifepoint.This is an example of _____.
A)problem-focused coping
B)emotion-focused coping
C)avoidance
D)reappraisal
Q2) Amanda signed up with the army right after she graduated from high school.She was soon sent to Iraq.During her two years in Iraq,she witnessed many gruesome catastrophes.Upon returning home,she felt detached and estranged from her old friends,was easily startled,and had difficulties sleeping due to the vivid memories of the horrific events.Amanda displays the symptoms of A)flashbacks.
B)posttraumatic stress disorder.
C)anxiety.
D)depression.
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Chapter 12: Exsetntion: Stress, Coping, and Health
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Q1) Jayci lost her husband,daughter,and home in a widespread wildfire in California.To overcome this ordeal,she turns to old friends and support groups set up in the community for emotional comfort,information,companionship,advice,and financial assistance.This relationship is known as
A)coping.
B)camaraderie.
C)networking.
D)social support.
Q2) In which stage of the general adaptation syndrome has the body reached the limits of its ability to adapt to stress,which may result in the development of stress-related diseases?
A)Alarm
B)Collapse
C)Exhaustion
D)Resistance
Q3) The Type A behavior pattern is a significant predictor of _____.
A)mental illness
B)coronary heart disease
C)cancer
D)respiratory illnesses
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Chapter 13: Social Psychology
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Q1) In a televised "social experiment" by the local television network,12 people-6 white and 6 African American-were asked to live together for one week.They varied in their level of prejudice; however,those with low levels of prejudice became less prejudiced,while those with high levels became more prejudiced.A psychologist from the university coined this behavior
A)group polarization.
B)group norms.
C)groupthink.
D)group dynamics.
Q2) Your friend asks to borrow $50 from you.You tell him no.Then he asks for a mere $10,which you gladly give him.While you feel glad to have helped him out,you may have just experienced the
A)foot-in-the-mouth technique.
B)foot-in-the-door technique.
C)door-in-the-face technique.
D)door-in-the-foot technique.
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Chapter 13: Exsetntion: Social Psychology
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Q1) You get on an elevator.Everyone is facing to the right.You turn and also face to the right.This is an example of A)obedience.
B)comparison.
C)attribution.
D)conformity.
Q2) _____ is the claim that our attributions and behaviors are shaped by a belief that the world is fair and people always get what they deserve.
A)The just-world hypothesis
B)The scapegoat hypothesis
C)The bandwagon hypothesis
D)The maladaptive gullibility hypothesis
Q3) You are walking downtown one day and find a man wearing street clothes who is slumped on the sidewalk.You look around and see others walking and not paying attention.Thus,you decide to do the same thing.You have demonstrated
A)monistic ignorance.
B)pluralistic ignorance.
C)singular ignorance.
D)triangular ignorance.
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Chapter 14: Personality
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Q1) Many projective assessment tools have disputed levels of A)standardization.
B)representativeness.
C)subjectivity.
D)validity.
Q2) Dylan believes that his hard work,rather than luck or chance,resulted in his promotion at work.Dylan probably has
A)an external locus of control.
B)self-delusions.
C)an internal locus of control.
D)an inferiority complex.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT one of the dimensions of the Big Five?
A)Conscientiousness
B)Extraversion
C)Openness to experience
D)Sociability
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Chapter 14: Exsetntion: Personality
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Q1) According to Freud,habits such as smoking or overeating could result from a fixation in the _____ stage.
A)oral
B)anal
C)genital
D)phallic
Q2) Which of the following statements might lead to feelings of incongruence?
A)"If you want to go out for the cheerleading squad,I think that is wonderful."
B)"I would rather you join the band than go out for the basketball team."
C)"I think it is wonderful when you draw pictures,but why don't you try using markers next time?"
D)"I know that you are shy,so why don't you sit in the back of the class?"
Q3) Achak is upset.He tells his roommate that if his psychology teacher knew how to teach,Achak would not have flunked his midterm.What locus of control is Achak demonstrating?
A)Latent
B)Reciprocal
C)Internal
D)External
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Page 30
Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders
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Q1) After being passed up for a promotion and then getting into a heated argument with his son,a man disappears.He shows up two weeks later in another town with no memory of who he is or how he got there.He appears to be suffering from _____.
A)schizophrenia
B)a somatoform disorder
C)a dissociative disorder
D)factitious disorder
Q2) Tommy is a seven year old boy with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).Which of the following would be inconsistent with this diagnosis?
A)He has difficulty with language skills.
B)He enjoys playing with his older brother.
C)He isn't interested in playing with anything except his Tickle-Me-Elmo toy.
D)His symptoms first showed up when he was 8 months old.
Q3) According to the data,the single best predictor of suicide is A)loss of a loved one.
B)depression.
C)a previous attempt.
D)unemployment.
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Chapter 15: Exsetntion: Psychological Disorders
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Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77190
Sample Questions
Q1) Although their intent was noble,there was a major problem with the asylums that existed to help the mentally ill in the 15<sup>th</sup> century.What was that problem?
A)a lack of "customers" caused by the massive drop in mental illness
B)the use of barbaric treatments that were little better than those of the demonic era
C)too many physicians trying to implement their own views on the best ways to provide treatment
D)no religious guidance to help the patients find a spiritual center
Q2) Any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress,is uncommon in society,and/or harms their ability to function in daily life,may indicate the presence of
A)a mental disorder
B)humors
C)stress syndrome
D)adaptive behavior
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Chapter 16: Psychological and Biological Treatments
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Sample Questions
Q1) Trina attempts to overcome her fear of clowns by learning how to shift from a feeling of tension to one of calm and relaxation.Next,she is asked to imagine different situations,each more anxiety-provoking than the previous.She only proceeds to the next situation if she can maintain her feeling of relaxation.Trina's therapist is using _____ to remove her fear.
A)exposure therapy
B)modeling
C)person-centered therapy
D)systematic desensitization
Q2) A major criticism of the use of medication for treating a child's ADHD is that A)parents and teachers are often allowed little input in whether a child must begin pharmacotherapy for his or her ADHD.
B)there is a potential for abuse of these medications as well as problematic side effects. C)pharmacotherapy leads to an increased risk for suicide in patients diagnosed with ADHD.
D)there is no scientific evidence that pharmacotherapy is useful is reducing the symptoms for children with ADHD.
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Chapter 16: Exsetntion: Psychological and Biological Treatments
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Sample Questions
Q1) In family therapy,a therapist seeks to understand
A)how a person's psychological disorder creates stress for those who love him or her.
B)how family members can help someone with a psychological disorder live a productive life.
C)the family context out of which problems presumably arise.
D)why some families seem to experience more problems than others.
Q2) Psychologists find group therapy to be an effective approach to treatment because A)it is more effective at producing lasting changes than the individual treatments.
B)it allows participants to practice new skills in a safe environment.
C)they interact less with each individual patient.
D)they can make more money.
Q3) Psychotherapy is an intervention designed to help people to deal with and manage A)legal problems.
B)financial problems.
C)interpersonal problems only.
D)behavioral,emotional,and interpersonal problems.
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