Psychology for Majors and Non-Majors
Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
This course offers an engaging introduction to the fundamental concepts, theories, and research methods in psychology, designed to benefit both psychology majors and students from other disciplines. Students will explore the scientific study of behavior and mental processes, covering topics such as perception, learning, memory, development, emotion, motivation, personality, psychological disorders, and social behavior. Emphasis is placed on critical thinking, the interpretation of psychological research, and the application of psychological principles to everyday life. By the end of the course, students will gain a solid foundation in psychological science and an appreciation for its relevance across a wide range of academic and professional fields.
Recommended Textbook
The Science of Psychology An Appreciative View 2nd Edition by Laura A. King
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17 Chapters
2124 Verified Questions
2124 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Science of Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) John B. Watson referred to thought as a "stream of consciousness."
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The empirical method is used to formulate the ideas of a pseudoscience.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Which of the following is a topic that would be explored by researchers who believe in positive psychology?
A) hope
B) depression
C) retribution
D) envy
Answer: A
Q4) Psychology emerged from the disciplines of philosophy, biology and physiology.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Psychologys Scientific Method
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of a case study?
A) asking all general psychology students to complete a mood survey for extra credit
B) conducting a series of interviews over a year with an anxiety-disordered student
C) observing the study habits of students in the library versus those of students in the cafeteria
D) assigning half the class to computerized instruction and half to the traditional classroom
Answer: B
Q2) Allie has developed a theory concerning test grades. She believes that there is a relationship between her frequency of study and the resulting grade. In order to test her theory, she has to State a(n)
A) theory.
B) principle.
C) strategy.
D) hypothesis.
Answer: D
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Biological Foundations of Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) A co-worker has recently been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. She appears to be still functioning normally at this time, but as the disease causes scar tissue to overtake the myelin sheath, it will slow the transmission of nerve impulses.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Who would benefit the most from a highly efficient cerebellum?
A) baseball player
B) teacher
C) salesperson
D) composer
Answer: A
Q3) The iron rod which damaged Phineas Gage's frontal lobe resulted in
A) a hearing loss.
B) reduced ability to interpret visual information.
C) reduction in immunity to common diseases.
D) changes in personality.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) The crossover point where the right visual field information goes to the left hemisphere is called the
A) fovea.
B) optic nerve.
C) retina.
D) optic chiasm.
Q2) The fovea contains
A) only rods.
B) rods and cones.
C) only cones.
D) the blind spot, rods, and cones.
Q3) Contestants on the game show Wheel of Fortune are given labels to assist them solving the puzzles. These labels activate ________ processing.
A) threshold
B) top-down
C) transduction
D) bottom-up
Q4) What are rods and cones, and what are their functions in the eye?
Q5) Describe the main principles of the trichromatic theory of color vision.
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Chapter 5: States of Conciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Morphine and heroin are derivatives of A) coca.
B) ephedra.
C) lithium.
D) opium.
Q2) The concept of "theory of mind" is best described as A) thinking about thinking.
B) an understanding that everyone thinks, feels, perceives, and has private experiences. C) one's misinterpretation of subconscious thoughts.
D) the principles that govern controlled processing.
Q3) When given the chance, most adolescents will sleep an average of ________ hours per night.
A) 7 to 8
B) 9 to 10
C) 5 to 6
D) 11 to 12
Q4) What warnings would you give your friends about using illegal stimulants when cramming for exams?
Q5) Describe circadian rhythms and their main functions.
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Chapter 6: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) David earns one thousand dollars every time his sales reach one hundred thousand dollars. For David, the bonus is an example of ________ reinforcement.
A) associative
B) learned
C) positive
D) renewal
Q2) Gary takes his car to the auto shop for routine maintenance every 3,000 miles. He is trying to avoid a major repair bill in the future. His behavior demonstrates A) positive reinforcement.
B) negative reinforcement.
C) avoidant punishment.
D) removal punishment
Q3) Describe Kohler's "stick problem" and "box problem". Why were these problems important to learning theorists?
Q4) A CS should be a reliable predictor of the UCS.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Contrast latent learning and insight learning.
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Chapter 7: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are taking both Spanish and French this semester. As you study the vocabulary words for your French test, you realize that the French words are disrupting the memory of the Spanish vocabulary words you studied last week. This is an example of A) proactive interference.
B) the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.
C) serial position effect. D) transference.
Q2) You most likely to store the seven digit phone number from your previous address in ________ memory.
A) sensory
B) short-term
C) working
D) long-term
Q3) Unrehearsed information stored in short-term memory lasts no more than A) 30 seconds.
B) 3 minutes.
C) 30 minutes.
D) 3 hours.
Q4) Use the principles of encoding to explain the serial position effect.
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Chapter 8: Thinking, Intelligence, and Language
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Sample Questions
Q1) Challenges to writing culturally-fair test questions include ________ factors.
A) time
B) language
C) experience
D) All of these.
Q2) After reading the section of the textbook on concepts, Mary Jo comes to the conclusion that
A) concepts are a form of cognitive efficiency and economy.
B) concepts are the way people communicate with each other.
C) concepts are abstract and have few practical applications.
D) concepts are the reason that there are linguistic differences between ethnic groups.
Q3) According to deductive reasoning, if a theory is true, then the hypothesis will be true as well.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe links between cognition and language.
Q5) Discuss the type of thinking involved in creativity and describe some characteristics of creative people.
Q6) Compare and contrast the human brain with a computer.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Human Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following terms is most closely tied with the nurture side of the nature vs. nurture debate?
A) observable characteristics
B) range of phenotypes
C) genotypic characteristics
D) optimal life experiences
Q2) Briefly describe the three periods of prenatal development.
Q3) Compared to authoritarian parents, authoritative parents are likely to be
A) more conservative.
B) less educated.
C) more responsive.
D) less trusting.
Q4) Identity ________ is a way to describe the status of an individual who is exploring alternative paths but has not yet made a commitment.
A) diffusion
B) foreclosure
C) moratorium
D) achievement
Q5) Discuss two common criticisms of Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
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Chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Edna loves McDonald's sweet tea. Whenever she sees the famous golden arches, she drives right in and orders a sweet tea. This best illustrates the effect of ________ on eating behavior.
A) learned associations
B) advertising
C) suggestion
D) mindlessness
Q2) The need for salmon to return once a year to the stream where they hatched is best explained by which of the following concepts?
A) motivation
B) instinct
C) drive
D) desire
Q3) A need is to a physiological state as a drive is to a(n) ________ state.
A) innate
B) psychological
C) physical
D) biological
Q4) Discuss the psychological factors that contribute to obesity.
Q5) Describe the characteristics of someone with BED.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Gender, Sex, and Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the physical differences between male and female brains.
Q2) According to Darwin, Shelly is most likely to go out with Cole if he A) is good looking.
B) can win his tennis match. C) is nice.
D) is older than her.
Q3) Four-month-old Carlos will probably stare the longest at a A) doll.
B) book.
C) car.
D) circle.
Q4) Research by Michaels in the mid 1990s placed infidelity estimates of married men around ________ percent.
A) 75
B) 50
C) 25
D) 10
Q5) The 2D:4D ratio is influenced by dopamine levels.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) How was personology utilized in World War II?
A) It helped the U.S. military to uncover weaknesses in advancing armies.
B) It was used to create a profile of Hitler, including how he would behave.
C) It was used by the Nazis to manipulate their enemies.
D) It was used to determine who belonged in Nazi concentration camps.
Q2) Alfred Adler emphasized the importance of unconditional positive regard in personality development.
A)True
B)False
Q3) If all you know about a person is that she is liberal, smart, and tolerant, what trait is she likely high on?
A) emotional stability
B) agreeableness
C) conscientiousness
D) openness
Q4) Evidence of the "Big Five" personality factors has been found in animals.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe Carl Rogers's approach to personality.
Q6) Describe Jung's concept of the collective unconscious.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) If Cathy blames her poor performance on her history teacher because he made the test too hard, she is engaging in
A) self-serving bias.
B) self-objectification.
C) positive illusions.
D) false consensus.
Q2) Which of the following is of interest to those who study social cognition?
A) how people select social information
B) how people interpret social information
C) how people remember social information
D) All of these.
Q3) Professor Green has to make a big presentation to the board members. He is struggling between choosing a power point presentation or making a short video to get his point across. Which element of persuasion is the professor struggling with?
A) communicator
B) audience
C) medium
D) message
Q4) Describe the main difference between prejudice and discrimination.
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Chapter 14: Industrial and Organizational Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Unwelcome sexual behavior that purposefully creates an intimidating workplace for the victim is referred to as
A) workplace conduct disorder.
B) hostile work environment sexual harassment.
C) offensive occupational toxic environment.
D) quid pro quo sexual harassment.
Q2) Which of the following statements is correct according to research on today's job applicant pool?
A) Applicants with connections to insiders do not work as hard on the job as those who applied without knowing anybody in the company.
B) It is harder to judge the quality of candidates who apply online than it is to judge those who apply in person.
C) Applicants who apply through online channels are better-quality candidates than those who apply in other ways.
D) Qualified applicants have become harder to find due to more specific job descriptions and technological advances.
Q3) What is organizational culture and what are the elements of a positive organizational culture?
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Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Women are more likely than men to be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In cases of OCD, ________ frequently accompany obsessions and appear to serve the function of reducing the anxiety created by such disturbing thoughts.
A) manias
B) hallucinations
C) compulsions
D) delusions
Q3) Who is LEAST likely to complete the act of killing themselves?
A) Alice whose grandmother committed suicide
B) Althea who has a boyfriend but is always depressed
C) Alberta who feels no one in the world would care if she lived or died
D) Alma who has extremely low levels of serotonin in her system
Q4) Which axis on the DSM-IV focuses on disruptions in various life domains?
A) Axes II
B) Axes III
C) Axes IV
D) Axes V
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Therapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ivan is very depressed and the danger of suicide is imminent. He is not responding to the drugs normally employed to treat depression. Which of the following treatments is most likely to prove helpful in rapidly reducing Ivan's depression and suicidal behavior?
A) psychoanalysis
B) electroconvulsive therapy
C) cognitive-behavioral therapy
D) rational-emotive therapy
Q2) Therapeutic alliance refers to the relationship between the professional and the paraprofessional.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Psychodynamic therapies stress all of the following EXCEPT
A) the unconscious mind.
B) rational-emotive behavior.
C) early childhood experiences.
D) interpretation by a therapist.
Q4) Freud believed that the meaning of dream symbols was universal.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Health Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who is NOT engaged in what psychologists refer to as health behaviors?
A) Mary is eating an apple.
B) Jim is studying his history notes.
C) Alice is walking with a friend.
D) Little Melanie is brushing her teeth.
Q2) Jeanne only drinks alcohol when she is playing bridge with her friends. Her motive for drinking would be characterized as
A) social.
B) coping.
C) enhancement.
D) All of these.
Q3) When a rat is first introduced to an over-crowded cage, it will likely enter the ________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.
A) curious
B) alarm
C) resistance
D) exhaustion
Q4) According to research findings, is being lean, or being fit, more important to good health?
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