Psychology for Helping Professions Review Questions
Course Introduction
Psychology for Helping Professions explores foundational psychological concepts and theories relevant to individuals working in fields such as social work, counseling, nursing, education, and human services. The course examines human development, behavior, cognition, emotion, and social dynamics, with an emphasis on understanding mental health issues, effective communication, and the impact of cultural diversity. Students learn evidence-based approaches to support and empower clients, ethical considerations in helping relationships, and strategies for promoting personal and professional self-care. Throughout, practical applications of psychological knowledge are highlighted to enhance supportive and therapeutic interactions in various helping settings.
Recommended Textbook
The Life Span Human Development for Helping Professionals 4th Edition by Patricia C. Broderick
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Chapter 1: Organizing Themes in Developme
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Q1) Gisela is a 6-year-old Peruvian girl who lives with her family on a farm in a rural village.She often helps her father take produce to a market to sell.She does not know how to read,but she understands the cost of items and can make change without errors.Sophie is a 6-year-old who lives in the US.She is in the 1<sup>st</sup> grade,is making great progress in learning to read and write,and is gaining skill in computer use.What is the best way to explain the development of these two children?
A)The progression of cognitive development is not universal; it is different for children in different cultures.
B)The processes involved in cognitive development are similar across cultures,but the specific kinds of knowledge acquired may differ depending upon children's culture.
C)The content of children's knowledge is similar across cultures,but the processes involved in cognitive development differ depending upon children's culture.
D)Cognitive development is the same for all children,regardless of culture.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Epigenesis and the Brain: the Fundamentals of Behavioral Development
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Q1) If you look at the karyotypes of person A and person B and discover that they look alike, what can you infer is the same about these two people?
A)Their parents.
B)Their sex.
C)Their height.
D)Their blood type.
Answer: B
Q2) Of the following,which is the most accurate example of coaction?
A)Genes that are related to a specific disorder may be expressed phenotypically only in a certain kind of environment.
B)Genes for a disorder that are on the X-chromosome will only be expressed in females.
C)The environment and the genes have an equal influence on a disorder.
D)Genes will have a greater influence on the development of a disorder when the genes are dominant.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Cognitive Development in the Early
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Q1) The ability to use language to communicate effectively by using well-organized narratives primarily depends upon the development of ____________ skill.
A)phonological
B)semantic
C)pragmatic
D)syntactic
Answer: C
Q2) Research using habituation and preferential response paradigms has provided us with much of what we know about the infant's perceptual abilities.The habituation paradigm takes advantage of
A)baby's ability to form habits
B)the absence of an orientation response in infants
C)baby's ability to report their own reactions
D)baby's tendency to orient to new stimulation
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Emotional Development in the Early Years
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Q1) When Tamara responds to the crying of her 4-month-old baby,Jessie,she tries to figure out what has caused the baby's distress hunger,wet diaper,etc.)while making soothing sounds and holding the baby.Tamara's actions are ____________ Jessie's developing emotion regulation abilities.
A)blocking
B)irrelevant to
C)scaffolding
D)disorganizing
Q2) In Ainsworth et al.'s 1978)study of attachment formation,some mothers were less responsive to their babies' signals than others.One group of mothers seemed to be reluctant to hold their babies,showed less warmth and affection than other mothers,and were more rejecting and angry.When their babies were tested in the strange situation test,the children tended to fit which category of attachment?
A)Securely attached.
B)Anxious ambivalent.
C)Avoidant.
D)Disorganized/disoriented.
Q3) Explain the cultural contributions to the development of attachments.What role does culture play in this process? ,
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Chapter 5: The Emerging Self and Socialization in the Early Years
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Q1) Marie has a 2½-year-old daughter.The babysitter has been calling her daughter "naughty" and "a bad girl" when the child is uncooperative.The babysitter says that the little girl doesn't understand what she is saying so it doesn't matter.Marie is unsure about what to do.Based upon information presented in this chapter,what would you say to Marie?
A)Marie should not worry about what the babysitter is doing because her daughter is too young to understand.
B)Marie should tell her daughter that what the babysitter says about her is untrue.
C)Marie should tell her daughter that she is loved to make up for what the babysitter says.
D)Marie should find some way to stop this before these labels become part of her daughter's developing self-understanding.
Q2) Parents who give reasons for the rules they set in ways that their children can understand are using what disciplinary method?
A)Induction.
B)Power assertion.
C)Withdrawal of love.
D)Permissiveness.
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Chapter 6: Realms of Cognition in Middle Childhood
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Q1) NeoPiagetians are
A)psychologists who abandoned Piaget's model in favor of information processing theories.
B)applying Piaget's concepts to therapeutic interventions.
C)cognitive developmental theorists who incorporate ideas from Piaget and from information processing approaches into their theories.
D)cognitive developmental theorists who dismiss the ideas of information processing approaches and argue for a return to Piaget's original theoretical work.
Q2) The maturing of the corpus callosum by middle childhood is especially important for A)planning.
B)logical thinking.
C)motor coordination.
D)perspective taking
Q3) Kuhn 2000)wrote that "to study memories is to study much of cognition and cognitive development." Explain this statement,using examples of the factors which contribute to memory improvement with age to illustrate your points.,
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Chapter 7: Self and Moral Development: Middle Childhood
Through Early Adolescence
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Q1) Which of the following is a temperamental characteristic that is associated with prosocial behavior?
A)Low social anxiety.
B)Popularity among peers.
C)Coherent self-concept.
D)Intelligence.
Q2) The ability to restrain or redirect a strong impulse in order to perform a less-preferred response is called
A)emotional reactivity.
B)positive regulation.
C)conscience-oriented behavior.
D)effortful control
Q3) What advice would you give to parents who want to develop prosocial behavior in their children? ,
Q4) Schulman 2002)defines morality as composed of three interlocking systems,including
A)sympathy,moral reasoning,and identification with authority.
B)empathy,identification with moral others,and standards of right and wrong.
C)rational competence,emotional competence,and identification with authority.
D)moral feeling,moral reasoning,and moral action.
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Chapter 8: Gender and Peer Relationships: Middle
Childhood Through Early Adolescence
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Q1) Research indicates that sex role development usually proceeds normally in single parent families as well as in the more traditional dual parent families.These findings are not consistent with predictions from what type of theory about how sex differences develop?
A)Cognitive theories.
B)Psychoanalytic Freudian)theories.
C)Social learning theories.
D)Biological theories .
Q2) Children tend to segregate into single gender play and friendship groups.Explain how such sex segregation might influence the development of sex differences during childhood.Provide clear examples of how this might work.,
Q3) When data are analyzed together from a large number of different studies on the same question,like "are there sex differences in nurturing tendencies," the report is called a
A)collaborative discourse.
B)social dosage effect.
C)meta-analysis.
D)sociometric analysis.
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Chapter 9: Physical,cognitive,and Identity Developments in Adolescence
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Q1) A coping style which has been linked to higher levels of depression among adolescent girls and women is
A)rumination.
B)distraction.
C)support seeking.
D)withdrawal.
Q2) Rasheed is a 19-year-old college student whose family is making financial sacrifices to pay for his education.So far,his grade point average is not high enough to allow him entrance into the pre-med program,the course of study he intends to pursue.He also works part time as a youth counselor,a job he really likes.He is considering changing his major to education.According to Marcia's categories of identity status,which category would you assign to Rasheed with regard to his vocational identity?
A)Diffusion.
B)Moratorium.
C)Foreclosed.
D)Achieved.
Q3) What are the characteristics of formal operations and how does this kind of thinking differ from concrete operational thinking? ,
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Chapter 10: The Social World of Adolescence
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Q1) What percentage of adolescents typically are part of a "popular" crowd in American high schools?
A)20 percent.
B)40 percent.
C)60 percent.
D)Less than 5 percent.
Q2) Roberto,at 15,is finding that he loves to take chances.He enjoys the sensation of being on the edge of danger,whether he is trying a new drug,or riding in a car at top speed with his friends.Roberto was well-behaved,outgoing,and happy as a younger child.If you were his counselor,what would you tell his parents about his current experimentation with deviant behavior?
A)Deviant behavior is likely to be increasing Roberto's peer rejection.
B)Roberto's risk-taking is unlikely to decline in young adulthood.
C)Closer parental monitoring can help reduce the deviant behavior and protect Roberto from harm.
D)Roberto's risk-taking poses no serious risks of harm,because it is considered normative.
Q3) Describe and explain three main reasons that adolescents engage in reckless behavior.Be sure to define your terms.,
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Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Developments in Young
Adults
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Q1) Theorists like Sinnott describe a fifth cognitive stage often called post-formal thought,whereas theorists like Schaie argue that there isn't a new stage of thought in adulthood but rather new kinds of problems to solve.Describe the differences between these perspectives in detail.,
Q2) Jane is a newly minted therapist who works with couples and families.Her decision was motivated by her sister Melinda's experience of spousal abuse.When Jane meets with her supervisor to review cases,he points out that when her female clients cry or describe intense conflicts with their husbands,Jane takes their side.She believes her supervisor is blind to the signs of abuse.What critical thinking pitfall do Jane's reactions show?
A)Over-reliance on the vividness effect.
B)Over-reliance on the idiosyncrasy effect.
C)Over-reliance on probabilistic thinking.
D)Over-reliance on the placebo effect.
Q3) Arnett proposes that the stage of life from age 18 to approximately 25 be called A)youth.
B)emerging adulthood.
C)early adulthood.
D)young adulthood.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Socioemotional and Vocational Developments in Young Adulthood
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Q1) Andrea is an adult with an anxious-ambivalent attachment style.Consistent with her attachment style,what is most likely to be true of Andrea's romantic relationship?
A)She is likely to report a lack of trust in her relationship.
B)Her relationships are likely to be less stable than those of women with other kinds of attachment styles.
C)She is likely to feel less dependent on her relationship than women with other kinds of attachment styles.
D)She is likely to report greater trust in her partner than women with other kinds of attachment styles.
Q2) Bandura's notion of self-efficacy beliefs closely related to Erikson's sense of industry and Dweck's mastery orientation),has been described as a useful target for clinical intervention.Describe the four major ways that Bussey and Bandura 1999)have suggested for promoting a client's self-efficacy beliefs.Provide examples to illustrate how each might work.Page 466-467,472)
Q3) Explain Erikson's concept of generativity.Which aspects of generativity seem to emerge in early adulthood and which aspects emerge in middle adulthood? What evidence is there for this developmental change? Page 438)
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Chapter 13: Middle Adulthood: Cognitive, personality, and Social Development
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Q1) The "Big Five" personality traits are
A)conscientiousness,agreeableness,aggressiveness,neuroticism and introversion.
B)warmth,neuroticism,conscientiouness,introversion and extroversion.
C)sociability,openness,neuroticism,agreeableness and aggressiveness.
D)agreeableness,neuroticism,openness,extraversion and conscientiousness.
Q2) Which of the following assumptions distinguishes life span developmental approaches to human development from other developmental approaches?
A)Development is shaped by the interplay of nature and nurture.
B)Cultural influences are more important in adult development than in child development.
C)Development across the life span is primarily a process of unfolding maturation.
D)Developmental processes are not completed when a person reaches adulthood.
Q3) Compare and contrast Erikson's view of midlife with that of Vaillant.,
Q4) Gottman described several core strategies that clinicians can teach couples in marital therapy to foster relational well-being.Describe four of these strategies.Discuss in detail how you would approach teaching one of these strategies to a client couple.Page 518)
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Chapter 14: Living Well: Stress, coping, and Life Satisfaction in Adulthood
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Q1) Daniel is very extraverted.He admits that he is not comfortable unless surrounded by other people,and he energetically pursues activities that require the company of others.His cousin Bill,about the same age,is very introverted.Bill is self-reflective and prefers more solitary pursuits.Based on these personality characteristics alone,what can you predict about the subjective well-being of Daniel and Bill?
A)Daniel is probably happier than Bill.
B)Bill is probably happier than Daniel.
C)Daniel and Bill are probably equally happy.
D)Personality has no bearing on subjective well-being.
Q2) Which of the following tends to assure that work experiences will be linked to positive well-being?
A)Feeling that one is making competent progress toward challenging goals.
B)Feeling less generative.
C)Workplace characteristics that remove personal control.
D)Having few workplace relationships.
Q3) Construct a short essay on the nature of stress and its effects on the body-mind.What constructive ways of handling these effects of stress have been found to be most effective? ,
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Chapter 15: Gains and Losses in Late Adulthood
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Q1) Which of the following does not contribute to social segregation for the elderly?
A)Being a member of a cohort with a different set of cultural experiences than younger cohorts.
B)Retirement.
C)Death of friends,partners and relatives.
D)High rates of dementia among those over age 60.
Q2) In self-determination theory,which of the following is considered one of the basic psychological needs that motivates our adaptation or coping efforts at any age?
A)Autonomy.
B)Optimization.
C)Avoidance.
D)Generativity.
Q3) The period of time that is now considered "normal" for the experience of grieving and depressive symptoms after the death of a loved one is A)2 months.
B)6 months.
C)2 years.
D)something that helping professionals have not achieved consensus on.
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