Psychology for Health Sciences
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
Psychology for Health Sciences introduces students to the fundamental principles of psychology as they apply to health, illness, and healthcare delivery. The course explores how psychological factors influence physical health, patient behavior, and treatment outcomes. Topics include stress and coping mechanisms, the mind-body connection, health behavior change, biopsychosocial models of health, and the role of psychological assessment and intervention in healthcare settings. Students will develop an understanding of how psychological theories and research inform effective communication, patient care, and the promotion of health and well-being within diverse populations.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology Themes and Variations 9th Edition by Wayne Weiten
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19 Chapters
5057 Verified Questions
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Chapter 1: The Evolution of Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) A strict behaviorist would view nature as more important than nurture in determining an individual's observable responses to a given stimulus.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Critical thinking includes all of the following EXCEPT
A) originally believing that the stated position on a topic is incorrect.
B) generating multiple solutions to problems.
C) using principles of likelihood when dealing with probabilistic events.
D) working systematically toward a desired goal.
Answer: A
Q3) Which of the following statements about the influence of culture is LEAST accurate?
A) The influence of culture is everywhere.
B) Our cultural heritage has a pervasive impact on our thoughts, feelings, and behavior.
C) There is not much diversity in the behavior among members of the same culture.
D) There are both differences and similarities across cultures in behavior.
Answer: C
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3
Chapter 2: The Research Enterprise in Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Placebo effects and experimenter bias both show that personal experience can be ____________________.
Answer: subjective
Q2) Statistics that are used to summarize and organize data are called
A) descriptive statistics.
B) numerical statistics.
C) inferential statistics.
D) computational statistics.
Answer: A
Q3) The hypotheses for a research study are most likely to be found in the
A) methodology section of a journal article.
B) reference section of a journal article.
C) results section of a journal article.
D) introduction section of a journal article.
Answer: D
Q4) When clinical psychologists do case studies of their clients for diagnostic purposes they are conducting empirical research.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 4
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Chapter 3: The Biological Bases of Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) When sodium channels open,allowing sodium ions to flow into a neuron,it causes
A) the likelihood of an action potential to decrease.
B) the axon hillock to become inactivated.
C) the likelihood of an action potential to increase.
D) the neuron to return to its resting potential.
Answer: C
Q2) Genetic mapping is limited in its ability to produce insights into the genetic bases for behavioral traits because virtually all behavioral traits are ____________________,rather than dichotomous.
Answer: polygenic
Q3) The heart,glands and smooth muscles are controlled by the A) peripheral nervous system.
B) somatic nervous system.
C) efferent nervous system.
D) autonomic nervous system.
Answer: D
Q4) An inhibitory postsynaptic potential ____________________ the likelihood that the postsynaptic neuron will fire action potentials. Answer: decreases
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Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Food generally tastes bland when you have a severe head cold because
A) your cold will cause the sweet receptors in your mouth to become inactivated.
B) your high temperature will cause your brain to block signals from the taste buds in the mouth.
C) because your naturally produced antibodies interfere with chemical molecules stimulated by your taste buds.
D) flavor is influenced by smell as well as taste, and with a reduced sense of smell your sense of taste will be diminished.
Q2) Although located in the eye,the ____________________ is actually a piece of the central nervous system and is responsible for processing images.
Q3) Imagine you are sitting at the dinner table and looking at the round plate in front of the person sitting across from you.From your perspective,the distal stimulus of the plate would be ____ while the proximal stimulus would be ____.
A) round; round
B) oval; oval
C) round; oval
D) oval; round
Q4) Use an example from your everyday life to explain sensory adaptation.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Variations in Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a college student who is struggling to keep from flunking out of school dreams of winning the "student of the year award," this dream would be MOST consistent with which theory of dreaming?
A) fantasy
B) activation-synthesis
C) wish fulfillment
D) problem solving
Q2) According to the cognitive view dreams are simply the by-product of bursts of activity emanating from subcortical areas in the brain.
A)True
B)False
Q3) "Manny got out of bed and began doing calisthenics during REM sleep,probably because he was dreaming about boot camp." What is WRONG with this statement?
A) Sleep is a relaxed condition of the body and, as such, precludes physical activity.
B) Research shows that no dreaming takes place in REM sleep.
C) Research shows that we are virtually paralyzed in REM sleep.
D) Manny was never in boot camp so he is not likely to be dreaming about it.
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Chapter 6: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Imagine that you are an advertising executive and that your sales have been dropping for a particular brand of laundry detergent.You want to design a set of advertisements that makes people feel good when they see your detergent and then you want to reinforce people for buying your product.How would you design advertisements that would condition people to feel good when they see your product and how would you reinforce people for buying your detergent?
Q2) An antecedent in a behavior modification program is
A) a source of a reinforcement.
B) an event that precedes a behavior.
C) a consequence of performing a behavior.
D) an emotional component associated with the receipt of reinforcement or punishment.
Q3) A cue light comes on in the dog's shuttle box.The dog jumps the hurdle to the other side.What procedure is being used?
A) punishment
B) escape
C) discrimination training
D) avoidance
Q4) Clearly differentiate between reinforcement and punishment.
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Chapter 7: Human Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Massed practice refers to learning material
A) across several large sessions.
B) all at once.
C) in a quiet place with no distractions.
D) with large numbers of people.
Q2) Cierra is taking a test in geography,and she is trying to recall the capital of Turkmenistan.In answering this question,Cierra is largely relying on her
A) episodic memory.
B) procedural memory.
C) semantic memory.
D) prospective memory.
Q3) Long-term potentiation refers to the production of new neurons in the brain.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Enhancing memory by associating a word with an image to represent the word,is known as the ____________________ method.
Q5) ____________________ is often likened to a filter that screens out most potential stimuli while allowing some to pass through into conscious awareness.
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Chapter 8: Language and Thought
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302 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a child says that "tub" and "but" are constructed of the same three letters,she is showing an awareness of
A) morphemes.
B) phonemes.
C) metalinguistics.
D) syntax.
Q2) Explain the factors that individuals typically consider in risky decision-making.
Q3) Research suggests that when making a decision involving relatively few options,people tend to use
A) elimination by aspects strategies.
B) selection by aspect strategies.
C) additive strategies.
D) subtractive strategies.
Q4) A child's first words are generally spoken at about what age?
A) 3 to 5 months
B) 6 to 8 months
C) 10 to 13 months
D) 18 to 21 months
Q5) List and describe the three types of problems proposed by Greeno.
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Chapter 9: Intelligence and Psychological Testing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which theorist set out to improve on the measurement of intelligence in adults with an intelligence test with two major innovations; the first was that the score was less dependent on a subject's verbal ability and the second was the use of a deviation intelligence quotient?
A) Sir Francis Galton
B) Lewis Terman
C) Theodore Simon
D) David Wechsler
Q2) Theorists use the term ____________________ to refer to the genetically determined limits of intelligence and other traits.
Q3) Many human traits,including intelligence,show a normal distribution.This means that
A) most cases are near the middle of the distribution.
B) most cases are near the edges of the distribution.
C) cases are equally frequent across the entire distribution.
D) few cases are near the middle of the distribution.
Q4) Briefly define mental retardation,and discuss its various levels.
Q5) In what ways have changing views about the influence of heredity and environment on intelligence affected the development of intelligence tests?
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Chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the evolutionary theories,men seek as partners women who A) are similar to them in important attitudes.
B) have a good sense of humor.
C) are beautiful, youthful, and in good health.
D) have good financial prospects.
Q2) Zoe has been struggling in her chemistry course and she is concerned that she might fail.Her predictions about how distressed she will be if she fails are likely to A) exaggerate how badly she will feel.
B) accurately reflect her later feelings.
C) vary greatly from day to day.
D) underestimate how distressed she will actually be.
Q3) The galvanic skin response is a measure of A) blood flow through the skin.
B) muscle tension of the skin.
C) electrical conductivity of the skin.
D) two-point difference threshold of the skin.
Q4) The _____________ is the brain structure that plays a central role in acquiring conditioned fears.
Q5) Explain four conclusions that can be drawn about the dynamics of happiness.
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Chapter 11: Human Development Across the Life Span
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following developmental theorists is NOT a stage theorist?
A) Jean Piaget
B) Erik Erickson
C) Lev Vygotsky
D) Lawrence Kolhberg
Q2) If Lawrence Kohlberg were to present you with a moral dilemma,in which of the following would he be MOST interested?
A) your judgment of right and wrong in this situation
B) what you would do in this situation
C) whether your intended behavior in this situation is consistent with your moral judgment about it
D) your reasons for whatever moral judgment you had about the situation
Q3) Walter and Camille have been an "empty nest" couple since their youngest son left for college last year.Now that they are alone,it is likely that Walter and Camille will find
A) their marital satisfaction will drop considerably.
B) the transition to being a "childless" couple will be stressful and depressing.
C) their marital satisfaction will start to increase.
D) they spend less time together than they did when the children were home.
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Chapter 12: Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Natalie is eight years old.Her parents have always spoiled her and given her anything that she has asked for.Based on Adler's theory of individual psychology,this parental pampering may cause Natalie
A) to develop exaggerated feelings of weakness and inadequacy.
B) to develop a weak superego.
C) to be dominated by her superego as an adult.
D) to develop feelings of competence and self-sufficiency.
Q2) Behavioral geneticists us ______________ to look for associations between specific genes and behavior.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a commonly accepted concept associated with psychodynamic personality theories?
A) early childhood experiences can influence adult personality
B) a person's subjective view of the world is more important than objective reality
C) internal conflict often plays a key role in generating psychological distress
D) unconscious forces can influence behavior
Q4) The Oedipal complex,of such great importance in Freud's thinking,occurs during the ____________________ stage of psychosexual development.
Q5) Briefly describe the revisions of Freud's theory proposed by Jung and Adler.
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Chapter 13: Social Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to social psychologists,a group
A) exists whenever two or more people are in spatial proximity to each other.
B) consists of three or more people who interact on a regular basis.
C) consists of two or more people who interact and are interdependent.
D) will not affect the behavior of its members.
Q2) Inferences that people draw about the causes of events and theirs and others' behaviors are known as
A) prejudices.
B) attributions.
C) self-serving biases.
D) stereotypes.
Q3) Groups seeking donations often ask people to simply sign a petition first.This approach illustrates which of the following social influence techniques?
A) lowball technique
B) highball technique
C) foot-in-the-door technique
D) reciprocity norm
Q4) Evolutionary psychologists ascribe much of the bias in person perception to cognitive mechanisms that have been shaped by ____________________.
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Chapter 14: Stress,Coping,and Health
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300 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Garret is frustrated and angry when his request for a pay raise is turned down.After work,Garret goes to his gym and hits the punching bag for 10 minutes.Garret finds that he feels less tense and wound up after his workout.This change in Garret's mood is consistent with the concept of:
A) overcompensation
B) undoing
C) denial
D) catharsis
Q2) Recent research suggests that ____ emotions experienced while under stress appear to play a key role in helping people bounce back from the difficulties associated with stress.
A) very intense
B) negative
C) positive
D) unexpected
Q3) Pick two common relatively unhealthy coping responses and describe them and then discuss defensive and constructive coping and whether they are considered healthy or unhealthy coping responses.
Q4) Distinguish between acute and chronic stress.
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Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) A person is shy,timid,and wary of others.Research suggests such a temperament put the person at risk for developing
A) schizophrenia.
B) a mood disorder.
C) a somatoform disorder.
D) an anxiety disorder.
Q2) Seligman found that people with a pessimistic explanatory style are especially vulnerable to depression.These individuals tend to attribute their setbacks to ____,and draw ____ conclusions about their personal inadequacies.
A) situational factors; narrow, specific
B) personal flaws; narrow, specific
C) situational factors; global, far-reaching
D) personal flaws; global, far-reaching
Q3) Discuss the evidence on the relationship between culture and pathology.
Q4) Distinguishing between mental health and mental illness is often difficult. A)True B)False
Q5) Pick two of the anxiety disorders and briefly describe the symptoms associated with each.
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Chapter 16: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) In psychoanalysis,____________________ refers to the therapist's attempts to explain the inner significance of the client's thoughts,feelings,memories,and behaviors.
Q2) Today psychoanalysis is MOST likely to be practiced by A) clinical psychologists.
B) counseling psychologists.
C) social workers.
D) psychiatrists.
Q3) Dr.Benz always tries to be honest with her clients and she never becomes defensive,even if the clients ridicule her feedback or her methods of therapy.According to Carl Rogers,Dr.Benz is displaying the quality of A) empathy in dealing with her clients.
B) genuineness in dealing with her clients.
C) unconditional positive regard in dealing with her clients.
D) validity in dealing with her clients.
Q4) Cognitive therapy borrows many techniques from A) group therapy.
B) behavior therapy.
C) client-centered therapy.
D) psychodynamic therapy.
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Chapter 17: Statistical Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) As the magnitude of a correlation coefficient increases,the A) data points in a scatter diagram become more dispersed.
B) data points in a scatter diagram become less dispersed.
C) correlation coefficient changes from a positive to a negative number.
D) correlation coefficient changes from a negative to a positive number.
Q2) Toshi has collected data for her research.She wants to create an orderly arrangement of scores that would indicate the frequency of each score; she would be MOST likely to use a
A) scatterplot.
B) frequency distribution.
C) histogram.
D) frequency polygon.
Q3) A graph in which paired X and Y scores for each subject are plotted as single points is called a
A) correlational plot.
B) histogram.
C) frequency distribution.
D) scatter diagram.
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Chapter 18: Industrial organizational Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dr.Sanchez works for a corporation helping find the most effective means of hiring good employees who will be productive and stay with the company.Dr.Sanchez is most likely a practitioner of
A) industrial psychology
B) human factors psychology
C) social psychology
D) organizational psychology
Q2) The first step in the personnel selection process is
A) the recruitment of the employee
B) the actual personnel selection
C) the assessment of applicants
D) the determination of the important duties of the job
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a content area of interest in organizational psychology?
A) designing safer work places
B) organizational culture
C) increasing job satisfaction
D) reducing job stress
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Chapter 19: Psychology and Environmental Sustainability: Conservation Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gardner & Stern (2008)report that six aspects of human life most significantly and adversely affect the environment; transportation is one aspect.Which of the following does the study recommend as a way to lead a more sustainable lifestyle?
A) When driving increase speed, avoid sudden stops, and keep tires properly inflated.
B) When driving decrease speed, open windows instead of using air conditioner, and get regular tune-ups.
C) When driving decrease speed, keep tires properly inflated, and turn off the air conditioner.
D) When driving avoid sudden stops, open windows instead of using air conditioner, and allow engine to idle.
Q2) According to Faber Tayler et al.,what is the relationship between symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and passive time spent in green settings?
A) no study exists
B) positive correlation
C) negative correlation
D) no relationship
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