Psychology for Educators Review Questions
Course Introduction
Psychology for Educators explores fundamental psychological principles and their direct applications within educational settings. This course examines how theories of learning, motivation, development, and individual differences influence teaching practices and student achievement. Emphasis is placed on understanding cognitive and behavioral processes, managing classroom dynamics, addressing diverse learner needs, and promoting positive educational environments. Students will gain the skills to apply psychological concepts to real-world teaching scenarios, enhancing their ability to foster effective learning and support student well-being.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology 4th Canadian Edition by Carole Wade
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Chapter 1: What Is Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Psychology differs from pseudoscience and psychobabble in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
A) psychology, but not pseudoscience, is based on research evidence.
B) pseudoscience, but not psychology, promises easy fixes to life's problems.
C) psychology confirms our existing beliefs and prejudices, while pseudoscience often challenges them.
D) the predictions of pseudoscience tend to be so vague as to be meaningless.
Answer: C
Q2) The psychodynamic perspective emphasizes the dynamics of the social and cultural forces that shape every aspect of human behaviour.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) A psychologist from the learning perspective would be likely to view violence as resulting from unconscious conflicts involving aggression and sexuality.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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3
Chapter 2: How Psychologists Do Research
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Q1) One of the more common errors with respect to correlational findings is making the assumption that a correlation between two variables:
A) does not tell the researcher anything useful.
B) means that since one variable predicts a second variable, the first must be causing the second variable.
C) , whether positive or negative, must be a perfect correlation to be useful to researchers.
D) does not permit a researcher to make predictions about one variable based on information from another variable.
Answer: B
Q2) Descriptive statistics are statistical procedures that organize and summarize research data.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Replication is an essential part of the scientific process.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Genes, Evolution, and Environment
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Q1) Monozygotic twins develop when a fertilized egg divides into two parts that develop into separate embryos.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Researchers studying abandoned children living in Romanian orphanages found that those who were moved to good foster homes
A) made insignificant gains when compared to the control group.
B) by age 3 scored dramatically higher on IQ tests than those left behind.
C) by age 4 scored dramatically higher on IQ tests than those left behind.
D) by age 10 scored 10 to 20 points higher on IQ tests.
Answer: C
Q3) ________, the basic units of heredity, are located on ________, rod-shaped structures found in the nucleus of every cell of the body.
A) Genomes; genes
B) Chromosomes; genomes
C) Genes; chromosomes
D) Chromosomes; genes
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: The Brain: Source of Mind and Self
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Q1) As she entered a health food store, Gail noticed a sign recommending an herbal remedy called St. John's wort for the treatment of depression. Explain how this remedy affects the biochemistry of the nervous system.
Q2) Structures of the limbic system play an important role in ________ and ________.
A) memory; emotion
B) breathing; decision making
C) hunger; thirst
D) spatial tasks; sequential tasks
Q3) "Plasticity" means that:
A) axons, like soft plastic, are flexible and can bend around obstacles to make synaptic connections.
B) neurons have a myelin sheath, similar to a plastic shell, that surrounds them.
C) people can compensate for brain damage by learning new ways to do things.
D) synaptic connections can change throughout life.
Q4) When your sympathetic nervous system is activated:
A) your body prepares for fighting or fleeing.
B) you begin to produce large amounts of saliva.
C) you tend to calm down.
D) you begin to digest your food.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Body Rhythms and Mental States
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Q1) Which of the following statements is NOT accurate according to studies of internal desynchronization?
A) When people fly across several time zones, sleep and wake patterns take several days to return to normal.
B) When people fly across several time zones, temperature and hormone cycles can take several days to return to normal.
C) At present, there is no reliable way to avoid a period of jet lag when flying across several time zones.
D) When an occupation requires a rotating work schedule, then workers should be switched as infrequently as possible.
Q2) Controlled studies indicate that:
A) phototherapy is effective in alleviating most cases of SAD.
B) low levels of negative ions are effective in most cases of SAD.
C) phototherapy is not effective in alleviating symptoms of SAD.
D) SAD is not a true disorder.
Q3) Describe the results of abuse/addiction to tranquilizers.
Q4) Men are more likely than women to dream about behaving aggressively.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Sensation and Perception
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Q1) Visual receptors that respond to dim light are called cones.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following sensory abilities is NOT present at or shortly after birth?
A) ability to discriminate salty from sweet
B) ability to discriminate different colours
C) ability to localize sound
D) perceptual set ability
Q3) The psychological dimension of timbre corresponds to the ________ of the sound wave.
A) frequency
B) pitch
C) complexity
D) intensity
Q4) Our senses are designed to respond to change and contrast in the environment.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What did Johannes Müller propose in his doctrine of specific energies? What riddles of sensation does his doctrine fail to explain?
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Chapter 7: Learning and Conditioning
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Q1) When a stimulus similar to the conditioned stimulus fails to evoke the conditioned response, then stimulus discrimination has occurred.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Extinction occurs when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus.
A)True
B)False
Q3) An animal trainer teaches animals to act as the "limbs" of people with spinal cord injuries. It is most likely that the trainer relies upon:
A) spontaneous recovery.
B) shaping.
C) instinctive drift.
D) latent learning.
Q4) List six reasons why punishment fails.
Q5) Media violence causes all viewers to become aggressive.
A)True B)False
Q6) Explain Pavlov's research procedures in studying the digestion of a dog.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research on social roles suggests that:
A) family roles setting tasks for husbands and wives are similar across cultures.
B) certain aspects of every role must be carried out or there will be penalties.
C) people usually follow social roles with conscious deliberation.
D) male gender roles in Western cultures have been resistant to any changes.
Q2) Researchers have developed four different ways to measure implicit prejudices. Which of the following is NOT one of these three ways?
A) Investigate behaviours to determine aggression.
B) Tap into people's unconscious associations toward a target group.
C) Measure physiological changes in the brain.
D) Have subjects complete prejudice questionnaires in group sessions, rather than individual testing sessions.
Q3) In the social-psychological view, the horrifying violence of one group against another is due to such processes as ethnocentrism, obedience to authority, conformity, deindividuation, and prejudice.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is cognitive dissonance? List one example of this state of tension.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Thinking and Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Both concepts and mental images can be used to construct:
A) implicit thoughts.
B) propositions.
C) cognitive schemas.
D) prototypes.
Q2) When there are typically several possible answers that vary in quality, then the mode of thought is:
A) an algorithm.
B) intuition.
C) formal reasoning.
D) informal reasoning.
Q3) The formula for IQ is:
A) 100/(MA + CA).
B) CA/MA × 100.
C) MA/CA × 100.
D) (MA × CA)/100.
Q4) The tendency to think that human beings have nothing in common with other animals is called anthropomorphism.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Memory
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Q1) ________ is an internal representation of a personally experienced event and the context in which it occurred.
A) Semantic memory
B) Procedural memory
C) Declarative memory
D) Episodic memory
Q2) Sensory memory is made up of two separate subsystems, one for vision and one for the other senses.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Most people seem to favour ________ for encoding and rehearsing the contents of short-term memory.
A) kinesthetic senses (writing)
B) subliminal perception
C) vision
D) speech
Q4) When a word is on the "tip-of-the-tongue," what errors are likely until the target word is recalled?
Q5) Why is short-term memory sometimes called a "leaky bucket"?
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Chapter 11: Emotion, Stress, and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) People sometimes feel an emotion that is inappropriate to the situation because they mislabel their own physical state.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Taylor can't believe that her boyfriend wants to see other women after two years of exclusive dating. She tries to banish all thoughts of him from her mind, but it doesn't seem to be working. Her strategy is not effective because:
A) depressed people have no control over the situations that cause negative emotions. B) repression is unconscious, not volitional, and so Taylor cannot will it to happen.
C) women have introspective styles of rumination and so Taylor needs more time to brood.
D) by trying to avoid those thoughts, she is processing the thoughts more frequently.
Q3) Name the seven facial expressions of emotion that have distinctive physiological patterns and corresponding facial expressions.
Q4) Briefly explain the relationship between stress and cell damage.
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Chapter 12: Motivation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Performance goals are framed in terms of showing others how good you are.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A motivation to strive for fulfillment of one's potential.
A)need for achievement
B)intrinsic motivation
C)self-actualization
D)self-efficacy
E)self-fulfilling prophecy
Q3) According to our textbook:
A) human beings have many unlearned, primary drives that motivate behaviour.
B) all human motives are powerfully shaped by social and cultural factors.
C) today's motivation researchers emphasize the biological drives that guide behaviour.
D) the state of tension caused by deprivation is the major motivation in human behaviour.
Q4) The passion at the beginning of love should be powerful enough to fuel love through all of its ups and downs.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Development Over the Life Span
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Sample Questions
Q1) Isaiah's parents discipline him using induction. It is most likely that he will:
A) have poor self-control and poor social skills.
B) develop a strong sense of moral feelings.
C) fail to internalize moral values.
D) be impulsive, unmotivated, and irresponsible.
Q2) Explain Vygotsky's concept of private speech.
Q3) Children who have internalized a sense of right and wrong would be most likely to have parents who:
A) give children the independence to do anything they want.
B) deprive the children of privileges until reasonable expectations are met.
C) give emotional support and teach children how to meet reasonable expectations.
D) actively prevent their children from falling into the wrong cliques at school.
Q4) Mary Ainsworth believed that insecure attachment results primarily from the way mothers treat their children during the:
A) first three years of life.
B) first month of life.
C) first year of life.
D) first week of life.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Theories of Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Psychodynamic theories share all of the following general elements EXCEPT a/an:
A) focus on fantasies and symbolic meanings of events.
B) belief that human development occurs in fixed stages.
C) emphasis on conscious processes within the mind.
D) emphasis on intrapsychic dynamics.
Q2) Innate physiological dispositions to respond to the environment in certain ways that are present in infancy are called:
A) personalities.
B) temperaments.
C) aptitudes.
D) traits.
Q3) central traits and secondary traits
A)Gordon Allport
B)Raymond Cattell
C)Karen Horney
D)Sigmund Freud
E)Melanie Klein
Q4) Describe the ways in which humanist psychologists have added balance to the study of personality.
Q5) What is meant by "shared environment"?
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders
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Q1) In 1911, Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler coined the term schizophrenia to describe cases in which:
A) the personality loses its unity.
B) unspeakable torture produces a mental splitting.
C) people escape trauma by putting it out of their minds.
D) the personality splits into multiple personalities.
Q2) What are typical symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder?
Q3) If a client repeatedly breaks the law, uses deceit to con others, and behaves impulsively without the ability to plan ahead, then a diagnosis of ________ is likely.
A) narcissistic personality disorder
B) generalized anxiety disorder
C) antisocial personality disorder
D) schizophrenia
Q4) When a person has a mental illness, he or she:
A) engages in abnormal behaviour.
B) is engaging in a statistically rare behaviour.
C) may have symptoms that are extremely common.
D) is diagnosed as insane.
Q5) List the five axes that clinicians use to evaluate each client.
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Chapter 16: Approaches to Treatment and Therapy
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Q1) ________ is a form of cognitive behavioural therapy designed to challenge the client's unrealistic or irrational thoughts.
A) Flooding
B) Exposure therapy
C) Rational-emotive behavioural therapy
D) Systematic desensitization
Q2) Since the early 1900s, the mental health world has alternated between viewing mental disorders as diseases that can be treated medically and as emotional problems that can be treated psychologically.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following drugs are most often prescribed by physicians in general practice for patients who complain of depressed mood, panic, or anxiety?
A) antidepressants
B) lithium carbonate
C) antipsychotic drugs
D) tranquilizers
Q4) What physical side effects are associated with antidepressant drugs?
Q5) What is the revolving door cycle?
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