Psychology Capstone Final Exam
Course Introduction
The Psychology Capstone course is designed to integrate and synthesize students academic experiences in psychology through the application of their knowledge to real-world issues and research. Emphasizing critical thinking, ethical reasoning, and effective communication, the course typically involves major projects such as research papers, applied fieldwork, or presentations. Students engage in collaborative and independent work, demonstrating mastery in psychological theory, research methods, and practical application while preparing for future academic or professional pursuits within the field of psychology.
Recommended Textbook
Pioneers of Psychology A History 4th Edition by Raymond
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15 Chapters
450 Verified Questions
450 Flashcards
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E. Fancher
Chapter 1: Foundational Ideas from Antiquity
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30 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Descartes believed that concepts such as "unity," "infinity," or "perfection," which cannot be represented by single sensory impressions,were which of the following?
A) abstractions created out of many different sensory experiences
B) innate ideas of the rational soul
C) illusions having no basis in reality
D) reverberations in nerves continuing after the cessation of sensory impressions
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following labels are appropriate for Descartes?
A) Dualist
B) Nativist
C) Rationalist
D) all of the above.
Answer: D
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3
Chapter 2: Pioneering Philosophers of Mind:
Descartes,Locke,and Leibniz
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Sample Questions
Q1) Locke's Complex Ideas were defined as:
A) ideas produced when simple ideas are combined by the mind in varying combinations.
B) the resulting thoughts when simple ideas are broken down into their minute details.
C) impressions such as redness, loudness, coldness, or saltiness.
D) specific results of critical thinking and problem solving.
Answer: A
Q2) Locke's Essay Concerning Human Understanding asserted that the mind:
A) is furnished with all of its ideas from experience.
B) is sometimes inactive.
C) is constantly active.
D) both a and b
Answer: D
Q3) For Locke,the largest amount of human knowledge was of which type?
A) intuitive
B) demonstrative
C) sensitive
D) practical
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Physiologists of Mind: Brain Scientists from Gall to Penfield
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30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The electrical stimulation of a conscious human brain by Bartholow in 1874: A) was performed on a retarded patient who did not understand what was happening to her.
B) produced painful sensations and convulsions in the patient. C) was terminated sooner than planned because of the death of the patient.
D) all of the above
Answer: D
Q2) Fritsch and Hitzig inaugurated the new era in brain research when they electrically stimulated the cortex of a dog in 1870. The functional area they discovered when they did so was the:
A) auditory area.
B) visual area.
C) motor strip.
D) both a and b above
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: The Sensing and Perceiving Mind: From Kant
through the Gestalt Psychologists
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Sample Questions
Q1) How did Helmholtz define perception?
A) the physiological process that conveys signals to the brain which results in conscious awareness
B) the process through which the senses detect visual, auditory, and other sensory stimuli and transmit them to the brain
C) the psychological process by which sensory information is actively organized and interpreted by the brain..
D) the minimum amount of difference between two senses that is necessary to tell them apart
Q2) Fechner's law is concerned with:
A) the observed mathematical relationship between physical and subjective stimulus intensities.
B) the largest intensity of a stimulus that can be perceived.
C) the amount of energy that can be transformed from one state to another.
D) the minimum amount of difference between two weights necessary to tell them apart.
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6
Chapter 5: Wundt and the Establishment of Experimental Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the Wundtian mental chronometry experiments had one condition in which the subject was required to make a different response to each of two different stimuli,and another in which two stimuli were randomly presented but only one had to be responded to. The mental process presumably required for the first task,but not for the second,was:
A) perception.
B) apperception.
C) cognition.
D) association.
Q2) Johann Zöllner,Wundt's older colleague and one-time supporter at Leipzig,came to bitterly oppose him because of Wundt's:
A) emphasis on a nonexperimental Völkerpsychologie.
B) skeptical analysis of "spiritualistic" phenomena.
C) highly restrictive introspection methods.
D) support for women in experimental psychology.
Q3) Structuralism was an approach to experimental psychology that:
A) focused on the function of the mind rather than the biology of the brain.
B) focused on what the mind is rather than what the mind is for.
C) was completely in keeping with the Wundtian framework.
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D) focused solely on physiology, omitting subjective introspection.
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Chapter 6: The Evolving Mind: Darwin and His Psychological Legacy
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Q1) The idea that political systems and societies evolve and "progress" due to unbridled competition and "the survival of the fittest" is often referred to as:
A) Sociobiology.
B) Social Darwinism.
C) Comparative Psychology.
D) Evolutionary Psychology.
Q2) Darwin's writings about human issues included all of the following subjects except:
A) emotions.
B) child development.
C) gender differences.
D) consciousness and will.
Q3) Although Darwin is best known for his theory of evolution by natural selection and his biological expertise,he also made important contributions to which field?
A) Mathematics
B) Anthropology
C) Geology
D) Anatomy
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Measuring the Mind: Galton and Individual Differences
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who devised the computing formula now used to calculate correlation coefficients?
A) Kerl Holzinger
B) Karl Pearson
C) Adolph Quetelet
D) Alphonse de Candolle
Q2) When a student scores extremely poorly on one examination,but then improves on the next,he or she demonstrates:
A) the law of regular deviations.
B) the rebound effect.
C) random fluctuation.
D) regression toward the mean.
Q3) Galton's scatter plots for the relationships between the heights of children and their parents showed that,on average:
A) tall parents had children taller than themselves.
B) tall children had parents that were taller than themselves.
C) tall children had parents shorter than themselves.
D) both a and b above
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Chapter 8: American Pioneers: James, Hall, Calkins, and Thorndike
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Q1) William James's theories regarding habit were influenced by which of the following?
A) Bain's neural connection theory of habit
B) Wundt's introspective view of habit
C) Titchener's structuralist view of habit
D) Hall's evolutionary theory of habit
Q2) William James clearly established himself as an outstanding teacher of psychology with the publication of his 1890 book entitled:
A) Handbook of Physiological Psychology.
B) The Principles of Psychology.
C) Varieties of Religious Experience.
D) Pragmatism.
Q3) James argued that emotional states could most effectively be changed by:
A) behaving as if they were different.
B) changing one's surroundings and getting away from it all.
C) clearly bringing out the suppressed ideas that cause them.
D) both a and b above
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10
Chapter 9: Psychology as the Science of Behavior:
Pavlov,Watson,and Skinner
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Q1) Which of the following ideas was enthusiastically adopted by Pavlov?
A) Descartes' conceptual separation of the body and mind
B) Flourens's conception of the harmonious action commune integrating the different parts of the brain
C) Sechenov's argument that learned behavior occurs when cortical reflexes become superimposed on lower, innate reflexes
D) all of the above
Q2) Edward Chase Tolman was known for his promotion of:
A) mechanistic behaviorism .
B) purposive behaviorism.
C) latent learning.
D) both b and c above
Q3) A professor of John B.Watson's at Chicago,whose theories he came to disagree with strongly,was:
A) Ivan Pavlov.
B) Jacques Loeb.
C) John Dewey.
D) Wilhelm Wundt.
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Chapter 10: Social Influence and Social Psychology: From
Mesmer to Milgram and Beyond
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Q1) The earliest laboratory studies investigating suggestibility and social influence were conducted by:
A) Gustav Le Bon.
B) Alfred Binet.
C) Solomon Asch.
D) Hippolyte Bernheim.
Q2) When a few physicians in England,such as Elliotson and Ward,raised the possibility of using mesmerism as a surgical anaesthetic in the 1840s:
A) they were roundly ignored by their colleagues.
B) they were ridiculed or actively persecuted by the established medical community.
C) they established their point successfully for a short time, until hypnotism was superseded by chemical anaesthetics.
D) their early experiments were failures, so they abandoned the idea.
Q3) The ancient Greeks believed hysteria was caused by:
A) malingering.
B) an excess of overheated humours in the brain.
C) the wandering of the uterus to inappropriate body parts.
D) after-effects of traumatic experiences.
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Chapter 11: Mind in Conflict: Freudian Psychoanalysis and Its Successors
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Q1) When a man suffers insults from his boss in silence,then comes home and yells at his wife and kicks his dog,he illustrates the defense mechanism of:
A) denial.
B) projection.
C) displacement.
D) acting out.
Q2) At the beginning of his medical career,Freud specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of:
A) schizophrenia.
B) neurotic conditions.
C) poliomyelitis.
D) organic brain conditions.
Q3) Freud's theory of childhood sexuality emphasized the newborn infant's:
A) oral and anal sexuality.
B) polymorphous perversity.
C) repressed sexual impulses.
D) sexual purity.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Psychology Gets "Personality":
Allport,Maslow,and the Broadening Field
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Q1) Maslow had trouble obtaining a full-time university position primarily because of:
A) his slowness to finish and publish his dissertation.
B) the controversial nature of his dissertation findings.
C) anti-Semitism.
D) all of the above
Q2) Henry Murray is well known for:
A) his establishment of the Big Five theory of personality.
B) his co-invention of the thematic apperception test.
C) his development of the PEN personality theory.
D) his creation of the inkblot personality test.
Q3) As a student Gordon Allport was influenced by his teacher Münsterberg's conception of psychology as:
A) a dual discipline having both an objective-causal and a subjective?purposive side.
B) a socially relevant but still behavioristic discipline.
C) a discipline that could be both clinical and experimental.
D) a discipline that could be both objective and mechanistic.
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Chapter 13: The Developing Mind: Binet,Piaget,and the Study of Intelligence
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Q1) Piaget's favored term for his general theory and approach was:
A) genetic epistemology.
B) cognitive developmental psychology.
C) qualitative stage psychology.
D) individual psychology.
Q2) Binet's work on "Individual Psychology" with Victor Henri finally led him to conclude that:
A) "projective tests" showed great promise for personality research.
B) the main components of someone's personality could be captured with five or six basic measures.
C) there is no substitute for extended and detailed case studies in understanding individuality.
D) both a and b above
Q3) What did Catherine Cox's biographical study of historical geniuses suggest?
A) Many of them were "late bloomers" with relatively undistinguished childhoods.
B) Most of them came from privileged backgrounds.
C) If tests had been available, all would have achieved high IQs in childhood.
D) both b and c above
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Chapter 14: Minds,Machines,and Cognitive Psychology
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Q1) Joseph Jacquard was a ___________ whose invention accidentally gave him a place in the history of artificial intelligence.
A) mechanic
B) watchmaker
C) weaver
D) philosopher
Q2) McCulloch and Pitts are best known for their promotion of:
A) the concept of the brain as a "neural network" of interconnected binary switches.
B) the use of computers as codebreaking devices.
C) the concept of strong artificial intelligence.
D) the use of transistors in computing devices.
Q3) "Pandemonium" was:
A) an early example of a computer program that could perform parallel processing and "learn."
B) the annoying computer "noise" that occurred when too much information was being processed at one time.
C) a computer program that analyzed information about pandemics.
D) a computer program that worked similarly to a Turing machine.
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Chapter 15: Applying Psychology: From the Witness Stand to the
Workplace
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who is often referred to as the founder of applied psychology?
A) Lillian Gilbreth
B) Lightner Witmer
C) Frederick Taylor
D) Hugo Münsterberg
Q2) The Gilbreths' Motion Studies were used to:
A) promote the field of scientific management.
B) gain insight into research on psychotechnics.
C) study workers' Therbligs.
D) both a and b above
Q3) Hugo Münsterberg was a well-known proponent of applied psychology,but he opposed:
A) psychotherapy.
B) psychoanalysis.
C) intentional and conscious forgetting in therapy.
D) psychotechnics.
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