Psychology Capstone Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
The Psychology Capstone course serves as a culminating academic experience for students majoring in psychology. This course integrates knowledge and skills acquired throughout the program, emphasizing critical thinking, research, and synthesis of psychological concepts. Students engage in advanced discussions, complete comprehensive projects, and may undertake independent research or applied practicum experiences. Emphasis is placed on ethical considerations, scientific writing, and the practical application of psychological principles to real-world problems. By the end of the course, students will demonstrate their ability to analyze complex psychological issues, communicate findings effectively, and reflect on their professional and academic growth within the field.
Recommended Textbook
Pioneers of Psychology A History 4th Edition by Raymond E. Fancher
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15 Chapters
450 Verified Questions
450 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Foundational Ideas from Antiquity
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Q1) Legend has it that Descartes did much of his best thinking:
A) in the library.
B) during long walks on the moors.
C) in bed.
D) while debating others.
Answer: C
Q2) Descartes' Treatise on the Passions of the Soul (1649)was highly influenced by his correspondence with:
A) Marin Mersenne.
B) Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia.
C) Galileo.
D) William Harvey.
Answer: B
Q3) Since Descartes' time,research has shown that:
A) his theory of the body's mechanism was prophetically right in most respects.
B) his mechanistic theories were almost completely nonsense.
C) his theory of bodily mechanism was wrong in details, but highly productive in its general implications.
D) the body and mind do interact in the middle of the brain.
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Pioneering Philosophers of Mind:
Descartes,Locke,and Leibniz
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Sample Questions
Q1) Locke's Simple Ideas were defined as:
A) ideas based on primitive emotions.
B) ideas based on numerous combinations of thought.
C) ideas based exclusively on primary qualities.
D) ideas deriving from the earliest sensations and reflections occurring in an infant.
Answer: D
Q2) Leibniz agreed with Locke that "There is nothing in the intellect that was not first in the senses," with the exception of what?
A) the emotions
B) the intellect itself
C) the bare monads
D) both a and b
Answer: A
Q3) Locke and Leibniz were alike in that both of them:
A) were trained as lawyers.
B) were trained as physicians.
C) were dependent on wealthy patrons.
D) both b and c
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Physiologists of Mind: Brain Scientists from Gall to Penfield
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Sample Questions
Q1) David Ferrier discovered he could produce fast movements in the eyes of monkeys,as if they were looking at something,when he stimulated the:
A) sensory strip, immediately behind the motor strip.
B) visual center, in the occipital (rear) lobe of the cortex.
C) visual center, in the frontal lobe of the cortex.
D) either a or b above
Answer: B
Q2) The notion that a single memory may be "stored" in several different specific locations scattered throughout the brain is known as:
A) Pribram's hologram theory.
B) the redundancy hypothesis.
C) the cerebellar theory.
D) the multiple-memory theory.
Answer: B
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5
Chapter 4: The Sensing and Perceiving Mind: From Kant
through the Gestalt Psychologists
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Sample Questions
Q1) A major consequence of the adoption of mechanistic doctrine by Helmholtz and his fellow students was that:
A) they were encouraged to try to solve problems that previously seemed unsolvable, such as analyzing and measuring the nervous impulse.
B) they finally performed the ultimate experiment, disproving vitalism completely.
C) they lost support from their superiors, such as Müller, and were cast into an oppositional role.
D) all of the above
Q2) The phi phenomenon:
A) was discovered by Kant.
B) illustrates apparent movement.
C) was studied early by Fechner.
D) both b and c above
Q3) Ernst Weber is important for introducing which of these concepts?
A) the just noticeable difference
B) the absolute threshold
C) apparent movement
D) negative afterimages
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Chapter 5: Wundt and the Establishment of Experimental Psychology
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Q1) One of the major topics covered in Wundt's Völkerpsychologie was:
A) language.
B) mental chronometry.
C) the tri-dimensional theory of feeling.
D) all of the above
Q2) Wundt's introspective techniques called for:
A) restriction of the subject to relatively simple and immediately recallable stimulus situations.
B) a good deal of sensitivity and interest in their emotional life on the part of the subjects.
C) recall of many events from childhood.
D) both a and b above
Q3) Wundtian introspective studies analyzed consciousness in terms of:
A) sensations and feelings.
B) sensations and perceptions.
C) sensations and judgments.
D) feelings and judgments.
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7
Chapter 6: The Evolving Mind: Darwin and His Psychological Legacy
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Q1) ________________________was a younger friend and follower of Darwin's who used Darwin's notes on animal behavior in helping to found the new field of comparative psychology.
A) Herbert Spencer
B) George Romanes
C) Thomas H. Huxley
D) Alfred Russel Wallace
Q2) The philosopher and theologian William Paley is best remembered for promoting which idea?
A) evolution via sexual selection
B) The Argument from Design
C) catastrophism
D) the value of a comparative psychology
Q3) A Victorian-era theory holding that the mainly non?European,"savage" peoples represented a distinctly different species of being was known as:
A) Social Darwinism.
B) Polygenism.
C) Monogenism.
D) Sociobiology.
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Chapter 7: Measuring the Mind: Galton and Individual Differences
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Q1) The phrase "nature and nurture" was introduced and popularized by:
A) de Candolle in History of the Sciences and Scientists over Two Centuries.
B) Darwin in Origin of Species.
C) Galton in English Men of Science.
D) Newman, Freeman and Holzinger in their study of separated twins.
Q2) Galton's book English Men of Science is notable today because it was:
A) the first to show that scientific interests are innate.
B) the first to use the self-questionnaire method to study a psychological problem, and to analyze the results statistically.
C) the first major work to use the correlation coefficient.
D) all of the above
Q3) Francis Galton's first entrée into the British scientific world came primarily through his:
A) contacts with Charles Darwin.
B) African exploration and affiliation with the royal Geographical Society.
C) fingerprinting work and collaboration with Scotland Yard.
D) prize-winning work in mathematics as a Cambridge undergraduate.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: American Pioneers: James, Hall, Calkins, and Thorndike
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Q1) In the early 1900s Edward Thorndike collaborated with Robert S.Woodworth in an influential study of:
A) maze learning in cats.
B) the genetics of intelligence.
C) the transfer of training in humans.
D) associations in dreams.
Q2) According to the James-Lange theory of emotion,which of the following sequences is correct?
A) We lose our fortune, weep, and feel sorry.
B) We meet a bear, run, and feel frightened.
C) We are insulted by a rival, get angry, and strike.
D) both a and b above
Q3) Three women were featured as "star" psychologists in the 1903 edition of American Men of Science.Which of the following was not one of them?
A) Mary Calkins
B) Margaret Washburn
C) Christine Ladd-Franklin
D) Eleanor Gibson
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Chapter 9: Psychology as the Science of Behavior:
Pavlov,Watson,and Skinner
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Q1) According to John B.Watson,a properly "behavioristic" psychology would:
A) rule out subjective methods of investigation.
B) make the prediction and control of behavior its major goals.
C) make no qualitative distinction between human and animal behaviors.
D) all of the above
Q2) In Pavlovian conditioning,if two different tones are randomly presented many times each,but only one of the tones is reinforced each time by the presentation of food powder,a process called ________________gradually occurs so that only the reinforced tone retains the capacity to elicit a conditioned salivary response.
A) backwards conditioning
B) differentiation or discrimination
C) extinction
D) generalization
Q3) B.F.Skinner's primary ambition as a young man was to become a:
A) professional writer.
B) lawyer.
C) neurologist.
D) psychoanalyst.
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Chapter 10: Social Influence and Social Psychology: From
Mesmer to Milgram and Beyond
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Q1) Charcot's most important scientific contribution was probably his: A) victory over the Nancy School in the debate about the nature of hypnosis.
B) demonstration that hysteria was caused by neurological degeneracy.
C) demonstration of the relationships between hysteria and crowd behavior. D) having the courage to study such unfashionable subjects as hysteria and hypnotism.
Q2) Who was the original founder of the Nancy School of hypnotism?
A) Auguste Liébeault
B) Hippolyte Bernheim
C) Joseph Delboeuf
D) Jean Charcot
Q3) James Braid helped lend scientific respectability to mesmeric phenomena by suggesting which new name for them?
A) artificial somnambulism
B) neuro-hypnology
C) the perfect crisis
D) hypno-magnetism
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Chapter 11: Mind in Conflict: Freudian Psychoanalysis and Its
Successors
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Q1) The cathartic method for treating hysteria was first developed by:
A) Josef Breuer.
B) Sigmund Freud.
C) Jean Charcot.
D) Hippolyte Bernheim.
Q2) A major figure who collaborated with Freud in developing the concept of defense mechanisms was:
A) Anna Freud.
B) Karen Horney.
C) Bertha Pappenheim.
D) Melanie Klein.
Q3) In their early work on the nature of hysteria,Freud and Breuer concluded that hysterics suffer mainly from:
A) reminiscences.
B) anxiety.
C) the Oedipus complex.
D) sexuality.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Psychology Gets "Personality":
Allport,Maslow,and the Broadening Field
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Q1) Henry Murray is well known for:
A) his establishment of the Big Five theory of personality.
B) his co-invention of the thematic apperception test.
C) his development of the PEN personality theory.
D) his creation of the inkblot personality test.
Q2) What was a major idea that Maslow got from his interaction with Max Wertheimer?
A) the importance of peak experiences
B) the importance of "insight learning"
C) the need for a more positive psychology
D) all of the above
Q3) Hans Eysenck's personality theory emphasizes which three factors?
A) introversion/extraversion, emotionality, psychoticism
B) introversion/extraversion, neuroticism, trustworthiness
C) introversion/extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism
D) introversion/extraversion, sociability, neuroticism
Q4) Carl Rogers effectively promoted:
A) a client-centered therapy stressing unconditional positive regard.
B) an individual psychotherapy stressing the overcoming of inferiority
C) an existential therapy stressing the search for meaning.
D) a Gestalt therapy stressing the search for insight.
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Chapter 13: The Developing Mind: Binet,Piaget,and the Study of Intelligence
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Q1) "Mental orthopedics" was a program developed by Binet,intended to improve children's:
A) concentration, emotional intelligence and IQ.
B) concentration, attention and intellectual levels.
C) abstract reasoning, memory, and vocabulary.
D) reading, writing, and arithmetic.
Q2) As he was beginning his self-instruction in psychology,Binet became particularly enthusiastic about which approach?
A) associationism
B) behaviorism
C) structuralism
D) functionalism
Q3) In Bruner's theory,the earliest mode of representation,in which a child begins by doing something with a new stimulus object,is called the:
A) sensory-motor mode.
B) iconic mode.
C) activity mode.
D) enactive mode.
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Chapter 14: Minds,Machines,and Cognitive Psychology
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Q1) One of the key problems with the Pascaline that Leibniz went on to overcome was:
A) it could only add and subtract.
B) it only worked with Roman numerals.
C) it multiplied, but could not divide numbers.
D) it used a "stepped cylinder."
Q2) Claude Shannon's famous Master's Thesis made the case that:
A) genuine computer "creativity" is impossible.
B) patterns of relay circuits in "off" or "on" positions could be used to represent information in binary code.
C) computers could potentially be made much smaller by using transistors.
D) both b and c
Q3) Neisser's conception of Cognitive Psychology,as presented in his original textbook of that name,emphasized which of the following topics?
A) information processing
B) computer science
C) Gestalt psychology
D) artificial intelligence
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Chapter 15: Applying Psychology: From the Witness Stand to the
Workplace
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Q1) Three foci of Leta Stetter Hollingsworth's work were:
A) clinical psychology, the psychology of women, and professionalization.
B) purposive psychology, industrial psychology, and the psychology of women.
C) motion study research, clinical psychology, and the psychology of women.
D) professionalization, opening the first psychology clinic, and the psychology of women.
Q2) Hugo Münsterberg did all of the following except:
A) create an early form of the polygraph test.
B) create a system called scientific management.
C) apply psychology to industry.
D) participate in designing and promoting psychology at the 1893 World's Fair.
Q3) Who is often referred to as the mother of industrial psychology?
A) Leta Stetter Hollingworth
B) Lillian Gilbreth
C) Augusta Fox Brunner
D) Mary Whiton Calkins
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