Program Evaluation in Social Work Solved Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course provides an in-depth exploration of program evaluation methods and their application within the field of social work. Students will learn how to design, implement, and assess evaluation studies to measure program effectiveness, inform decision-making, and contribute to evidence-based practice. The curriculum emphasizes both quantitative and qualitative approaches, ethical considerations, and the practical challenges of evaluating programs in diverse community settings. By the end of the course, students will be equipped to evaluate social work interventions and services, interpret evaluation findings, and communicate results to stakeholders to enhance program impact.
Recommended Textbook Research Methods for Social Work 8th Edition by Allen Rubin
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Chapter 1: Why Study Research
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Q1) When social work practitioners utilize research discriminatingly,they help uphold and advance the values and mission of their profession.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) In social work,science could best be described as
A) technology
B) a method of inquiry.
C) statistics.
D) all of the above.
Answer: B
Q3) Legitimate ex posacto hypothesizing requires additional research.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) The misuse of authority refers to experts who discuss their area of expertise in public.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: Evidence-Based Practice
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Q1) Any study that employs a randomized clinical trial is a strong source of evidence,regardless of how it measures outcome.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Evidence about practice effectiveness will
A) always be conclusive.
B) sometimes indicate what actions NOT to take.
C) usually indicate what is effective with every client or situation.
D) will point toward taking an action that the client is certain to want.
Answer: B
Q3) An evidence-based practice question should
A) incorporate client characteristics.
B) always inquire about only one specific intervention.
C) never be altered in light of the evidence emerging in one's literature search.
D) always specify at least two alternative interventions in advance.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Philosophy and Theory in Social Work Research
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Q1) Postmodernists believe in the existence of a knowable objective external reality.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) An independent variable is
A) a theoretical concept.
B) a variable influencing other variables.
C) a variable influenced by other variables.
D) a set of attributes.
E)either b or c, depending upon the variable.
Answer: B
Q3) "African American" is a variable that has the attribute of "ethnicity."
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Some researchers can have vested interests in finding certain results.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Comparing Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed
Methods of Inquiry
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Q1) Identify and briefly describe seven main phases in the research process.
Q2) Which of the following statements is TRUE about qualitative and quantitative research methods?
A) Scholars have always agreed about their comparative value.
B) They are incompatible.
C) They are complimentary.
D) None of the above.
Q3) Which of the following designs signifies a mixed-methods study that emphasizes qualitative methods but with quantitative methods being implemented first?
A) QUALITATIVE quantitative.
B) quantitative QUALITATIVE.
C) QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE.
D)quantitative qualitative.
Q4) Mixed-methods studies cannot implement quantitative and qualitative methods concurrently; they must start with one or the other.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Provide an example of how quantitative and qualitative methods can be complimentary in the same study
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Chapter 5: The Ethics and Politics of Social Work Research
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Q1) Which of the following statements is/are true about the dilemma involving the right to receive services versus the responsibility to evaluate service effectiveness?
A) This is not really a dilemma, since no conflict in values is involved.
B) All professionals agree that services should never be delayed, even if their effects have not yet been verified.
C)No professionals question the ethics of providing untested services, as long as we have good intentions.
D) All of the above are true.
E) None of the above is true.
Q2) Are there any situations in which a researcher is justified in deceiving subjects? Explain your answer.
Q3) Identify five commonly recommended guidelines for attempting to avoid bias and insensitivity regarding gender or culture in a study.
Q4) Once people are told that their participation in a research study is voluntary,there are no ethical problems.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Culturally Competent Research
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Q1) Describe the steps you would take early on in designing to maximize the cultural competence of your research on a social problem among a Native American tribe living on a reservation.
Q2) A good way to ensure that your data analysis is culturally competent is to combine all minority groups together as one category to compare to the majority group in the data analysis.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Explain the difference between linguistic,conceptual and metric equivalence.
Q4) Studies that do NOT include adequate representation from specific minority and oppressed populations in their samples are NOT generalizable to those populations.
A)True B)False
Q5) Latinos who recently immigrated to the United States are likely to have the same level of acculturation as Latinos whose parents or grandparents have lived in the United States for several decades or longer
A)True B)False
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Chapter 7: Problem Formulation
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Q1) If a researcher were conducting a study of women's attitudes toward abortion rights,the unit of analysis would be
A) the individual.
B) attitudes.
C) abortion rights.
D) women's attitudes.
E) society.
Q2) Which of the following statements is/are true about social work research and evidence-based practice?
A) They have little in common.
B) They are synonymous.
C) Both follow essentially the same problem-solving process.
D) Neither can return to earlier phases in the process.
Q3) To generate hypotheses or tentative new insights about a new phenomenon,a researcher would undertake:
A) a trend study.
B) an explanatory study.
C) an exploratory study.
D) a longitudinal study.
E) a descriptive study.
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Chapter 8: Conceptualization in Quantitative and Qualitative Inquiry
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT an operational definition of degree of homophobia?
A) a score on a scale measuring attitude about homosexuality.
B) whether or not participates in protests against gay marriage.
C) view of homosexuality.
D) number of derogatory statements made about homosexuality in a conversation about it.
Q2) If we study whether motivational interviewing is effective in treating substance abuse by the mechanism of increasing the likelihood that clients will complete substance abuse treatment programs,then whether clients complete such programs is our mediating variable.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The specification of concepts in a scientific inquiry depends on A) nominal, operational, and real definitions.
B) real definitions.
C) nominal and operational definitions.
D) nominal and real definitions.
E) operational and real definitions.
Q4) Discuss how the quantitative and qualitative perspectives on operational definitions differ.
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Chapter 9: Measurement
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Q1) Face validity is a form of empirical validity.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Each source of data -- including written self-reports,interviews,direct behavioral observation and examining available records -- is vulnerable to measurement error.
A)True
B)False
Q3) An interview with someone with a limited vocabulary who therefore does not understand the questions being asked is likely to produce A) systematic error.
B) random error.
C) validity.
D) reliability
Q4) Describe how qualitative studies attempt to deal with reliability and validity.
Q5) Unobtrusive observation can be used for the purpose of minimizing social desirability bias.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Constructing Measurement Instruments
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Q1) A scale that is reliable and valid in one culture might not be reliable and valid in another culture.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Identify measurement principles that always apply to quantitative and qualitative approaches to asking people questions.Then identify differences between the two approaches in the style of asking questions.
Q3) The length of a question can influence how effectively the respondent will answer.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The result of combining several indicators of a variable is a composite measurement of the variable.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The following exemplifies a proper way to ask a question: "Are you satisfied with this textbook and with your research instructor's teaching style?"
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Causal Inference and Experimental Designs
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Q1) A friend of yours,a senior,took the Graduate Record Exam in September and scored in the 99th percentile.In February your friend took the same exam over again.This time your friend scored in the 84th percentile.As a research methodology student,you told your friend that his/her lowered score was probably due to:
A) testing.
B) history.
C) statistical regression.
D) demoralization.
E) compensation rivalry.
Q2) Briefly describe how a study would be particularly vulnerable to the threat of statistical regression.
Q3) Which of the following is LEAST suited to providing clear evidence about a causal relationship between the independent and dependent variables?
A) Classical experimental design.
B) Solomon four-group design.
C) Posttest-only control group design.
D) One-shot case study.
Q4) Explain what is meant by internal and external validity.
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Chapter 12: Quasi-Experimental Designs
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Q1) Qualitative methods offer a number of techniques that on-site research staff members can use in attempting to observe research implementation pitfalls.
A)True B)False
Q2) Cross-sectional designs have a high degree of internal validity because they show how causal processes occur over time.
A)True B)False
Q3) The best way to avoid contaminating the control condition is to locate the experimental and control conditions in the same building A)True B)False
Q4) Videotaping treatment sessions should be used only as a last resort when assessing intervention fidelity.
A)True B)False
Q5) Discuss how qualitative methods can be used to try to avoid or alleviate the pitfalls identified above in essay number 2.
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Chapter 13: Single-Case Evaluation Designs
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Sample Questions
Q1) Target problems can be quantified in terms of their A) frequency, only.
B) duration, only.
C) magnitude, only.
D) frequency, duration, and/or magnitude
Q2) In single-case experiments,direct observation is always better than using self-report scales or available records.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Explain why it is important to obtain a stable baseline,if possible.Explain your answer in connection to threats to internal validity.
Q4) For most clinical social work situations there are multiple ways to operationally define target problems or objectives for research purposes.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain how B or B+ designs can have value in the evidence-based practice process despite lacking an adequate baseline phase.
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Chapter 14: Program Evaluation
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Q1) Which of the following statements is true about logic models?
A) They portray program components graphically.
B) They are never theory-based.
C) Funding sources almost never require them as part of grant applications.
D) They exclude attention to program outcomes.
Q2) Which of the following statements is true about evaluation for program planning?
A) A prime advantage of the key informants approach to needs assessment is that the information comes directly from the target population.
B) It makes a difference whether we define needs in normative terms or in terms of demand.
C) Feasibility problems are the prime disadvantage of the community forum approach to needs assessment.
D) A prime disadvantage of the social indicators approach to needs assessment is its obtrusiveness.
Q3) Agency staff members who initially approve of a program evaluation design may nevertheless fail to comply closely with its research protocol throughout the study.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Sampling
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Q1) Which of the following statements is true about probability samples?
A) They avoid conscious and unconscious sampling bias.
B) They do NOT permit the estimation of the accuracy or representativeness of the sample.
C) They are perfectly representative of the population from which they are drawn.
D) They are more risky than non-probability samples.
E) a and b only are correct.
Q2) In general,as sample size increases
A) sampling error increases.
B) sampling error decreases.
C) sampling error will remain the same regardless of changes in sample size.
D) measurement error decreases.
Q3) Drawing a judgmental sample
A) allows researchers to use their prior knowledge about the topic.
B) enlists the aid of uninformed respondents.
C) results in a sample that has no researcher bias.
D) ensures a representative sample.
E) requires the development of a quota matrix.
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Chapter 16: Survey Research
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Q1) The interviewer should be a neutral medium through which questions and answers are transmitted.
A)True
B)False
Q2) One of the most important natural abilities that interviewers must have is the ability to
A) dress in a fashion that is similar to the people being interviewed.
B) determine very quickly the kind of person the respondent will feel most comfortable with.
C) rephrase questions in their own words.
D) probe for responses.
Q3) In general,survey research is an appropriate observational method for A) describing a population too large to observe directly.
B) descriptive purposes, only.
C) explanatory purposes, only
D) exploratory purposes, only.
Q4) Mail surveys are the only method used in studies using self-administered questionnaires.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Analyzing Existing Data: Quantitative and Qualitative Methods
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Q1) Professor Perlman from question 3 found that textbook A contained the word "he" 80 times,whereas textbook B contained it 20 times.In addition,textbook A used the word "chairman" 16 times,whereas textbook B used it only 4 times.Perlman was correct in concluding that
A) textbook A was four times as sexist as textbook B.
B) textbook B was one-fourth as sexist as textbook A.
C) the words "he" and "chairman" appeared four times more in textbook A than in textbook B.
D) textbook A was more sexist than textbook B from the standpoint of latent content coding
Q2) Describe the difference between primary and secondary sources in historical research and the cautions to keep in mind when using each type of source.
Q3) As a mode of observation,content analysis is essentially an operation of coding.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Unobtrusive measures reduce the impact of the data collection on the phenomena being studied.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: Qualitative Research: General Principles
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Q1) The naturalism paradigm discourages the use of ethnography.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Qualitative research differs from other forms of observation in that it is both a data-collecting and a theory-generating activity.
A)True
B)False
Q3) An advantage of qualitative research is that
A) it enables the researcher to draw conclusions about the population. B) the researcher can control the variables under study.
C) social life can be studied in a natural setting.
D) hypotheses can be rigorously tested.
Q4) Using contemporary positivist standards,describe three key threats to the trustworthiness of qualitative research and six strategies commonly used to minimize the distorting influence of those threats.
Q5) Prolonged engagement is discouraged in qualitative research be4cause it increases the risk of reactivity and respondent bias.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 19: Qualitative Research: Specific Methods
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Q1) Which of the following is good advice about recording observations in the field?
A) Don't trust your memory any more than you have to.
B) You must always constantly take notes while you are observing.
C) Make at least six copies of your notes.
D) Advance preparation on recording anticipated observations will hinder recording unanticipated observations.
Q2) The qualitative researcher in the role of participant-as-observer participates fully with the group under study but does not disclose his or her role as researcher.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following statements is/are true abouocus groups?
A) The larger the number of participants, the better.
B) The group dynamics may bring out information that may not have emerged in individual interviews.
C) Representativeness is a common strength of this method.
D) The data that emerge are likely to be less voluminous and more systematic than structured survey data.
Q4) How does qualitative interviewing differ from quantitative survey interviewing?
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Chapter 20: Qualitative Data Analysis
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Q1) Qualitative data processing is both a science and an art.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following statements is TRUE about the grounded theory method?
A) It is similar to case-oriented analysis.
B) It is similar to variable-oriented analysis.
C) It is similar to cross-case analysis.
D) Depending upon the topic of study it could be similar to either a case-oriented or variable-oriented analysis.
Q3) Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A)Concept mapping is appropriate for qualitative analysis only.
B)Concept mapping can be used for either quantitative or qualitative analysis.
C)Concept mapping is appropriate for quantitative analysis only.
D)Computers cannot be used for qualitative research.
Q4) Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding semiotic analysis?
A)There is no meaning inherent in any sign.
B)Language is the only sign system of interest to those doing semiotic analysis.
C)Meanings reside in minds.
D)Semiotics is concerned with our agreements about meanings.
Q5) Identify at last one way that computer programs analyze qualitative data.
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Chapter 21: Quantitative Data Analysis
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Q1) Which of the following statements is true about data processing?
A) It is best to run your data analyses immediately after you enter your data.
B) Computers will automatically correct data entry errors.
C) Using possible code cleaning, you examine the distribution of responses to each item to see if some responses exisor codes you didn't use.
D) None of these statements is true
Q2) Interpret the following frequency distribution portraying client responses to the question,"How satisfied are you with the services you've received from this agency?" \(\begin{array}{lc}
\text { Satisfaction Level } & \text { f } \\
\text { Very satisfied } & 60 \\
\text { Moderately satisfied } & 50 \\
\text { Slightly satisfied } & 40 \\
\text { Slightly dissatisfied } & 40 \\
\text { Moderately dissatisfied } & 50 \\
\text { Very dissatisfied } & 60 \\
\text { No Answer } & 20
\end{array}\)
Q3) What is the purpose of data cleaning? How is it done?
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Chapter 22: Inferential Data Analysis
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Q1) Interpret the meaning of an odds ratio finding in which 80 percent of Intervention A recipients had a successful outcome,and 50 percent of Treatment As Usual recipients had a successful outcome.
Q2) Two-tailed tests of significance should be used whenever there is a non-directional hypothesis.
A)True
B)False
Q3) An experiment is conducted to test the effectiveness of a social work intervention.The experimental group improves more than does the control group,but the results are not statistically significant.This means that
A)the intervention was not effective.
B)the intervention was effective, but not at a significant level.
C)we cannot rule out sampling error in inferring about the effectiveness of the intervention.
D)the results were clinically significant despite not being statistically significant.
Q4) Inferential statistics are used primarily for describing samples.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 23: Inferential Data Analysis
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Q1) An a priori statistical power analysis can be used to determine how large a sample to select.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Ignoring statistical power can result in
A) conducting a study with a sample size that is too small.
B) wasting resources by selecting a sample that is much smaller than needed.
C) overlooking the probability of committing a Type I error.
D) nonparametric outcomes.
Q3) One of the best ways to determine which hypotheses have been tested is to firsind which variables are significantly related.
A)True
B)False
Q4) If your probability of a Type Il error is .30,then your statistical power is:
A).30
B).05
C).70
D).80
Q5) Describe the controversy regarding statistical significance testing with population data.
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Chapter 24: Writing Research Proposals and Reports
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Q1) The way research reports should be written depends on the type of audience for which they are intended.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The design and data collection methods section of a research proposal should
A) describe in detail how data will be collected.
B) describe what will be done to minimize bias or maximize internal validity.
C) address technical issues like internal validity or avoiding bias.
D)provide rationales regarding issues such as feasibility, or when and where data will be collected.
E)do all of these.
Q3) Even if you have already revised your research report and are satisfied with it,you should ask your colleagues to read it and criticize it - and then,based on their criticism,you should revise it yet again.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss how the guidelines for writing a research proposal will vary depending on the proposal's purpose.
Q5) Describe how qualitative research reports often differ from quantitative ones.
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