Course Introduction
Principles of Sociology Test Questions
Principles of Sociology introduces students to the systematic study of society, social institutions, and social relationships. This course explores fundamental sociological concepts such as culture, socialization, social structure, groups, deviance, stratification, and social change. Emphasizing the application of sociological theories and methods, students analyze how various social forces shape individual behaviors and societal trends. Through critical discussions and empirical inquiry, the course encourages students to understand and interpret social phenomena within contemporary and historical contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Sociology 6th Edition by Richard P. Appelbaum
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16 Chapters
1118 Verified Questions
1118 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Sociology: Theory and Method
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78 Verified Questions
78 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Max studies marriage rituals in Sweden, India, China, and South Africa to note similarities and differences in the ceremonies. His research would best be described as:
A) survey research.
B) experimental research.
C) ethnography.
D) comparative research.
Answer: D
Q2) Chris insists that any decent analysis of our social world must include investigations into the lived experiences of women. Chris's ideas match most closely with those of which theorist?
A) Karl Marx
B) Émile Durkheim
C) Harriet Martineau
D) Max Weber
Answer: C
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3
Chapter 2: Culture and Society
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70 Verified Questions
70 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why might sociologists criticize the idea that the world is made up of many isolated cultures?
A) The idea assumes that we can provide a reasonably coherent definition of culture.
B) Sociologists might note the rise of the Internet and globalization as features of different cultures being connected.
C) Sociologists would likely criticize the idea because of its underlying multiculturalism.
D) The idea suggests that human communities actually have different cultures, when we have shown that culture is the same everywhere.
Answer: B
Q2) ________ occur(s) when members of one cultural group borrow elements of another group's culture.
A) Ethnocentrism
B) Cultural appropriation
C) Cultural materialism
D) Sanctions
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Socialization, the Life Course, and Aging
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67 Verified Questions
67 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Growing up in rural Idaho, there are many agents of socialization for Albert, but ________ is/are the most significant agent(s) of his socialization.
A) television and magazines
B) the family
C) friends
D) teachers
Answer: B
Q2) At Sally's birthday party, her mother reminded her to say "thank you" every time she opened a present from a friend. Sally's mom was engaging in the process of:
A) ageism.
B) socialization.
C) life course development.
D) resocialization.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Social Interaction and Everyday Life in the Age
of the Internet
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68 Verified Questions
68 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Encounters always need ________, which indicates that civil inattention is being discarded and focused interaction will begin.
A) impression management
B) a pre-opening
C) an opening
D) controlled alertness
Q2) According to Elijah Anderson, Reading Terminal is a place where diverse groups can come together peacefully because the people who go there are "cosmos" (shorthand for cosmopolitan). According to his observations and interpretations, the dynamic that is largely missing from Reading Terminal is:
A) social status.
B) regionalization.
C) ethnocentrism.
D) audience segregation.
Q3) According to Erving Goffman, social interaction is like:
A) playing basketball in a gym.
B) playing baseball in a stadium.
C) swimming in a pool.
D) performing a play in a theater.
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Chapter 5: Groups, Networks, and Organizations
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68 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Human resource management regards a company's workforce as:
A) vital to its economic competitiveness.
B) naturally unmotivated without company rewards and events.
C) easily replaced by cheaper labor abroad.
D) expensive compared to machines.
Q2) Juan and Sally got divorced after three years of marriage, and both moved on to establish new relationships. Their divorce demonstrates that dyads are fragile social groups because:
A) if one person leaves, the group disappears.
B) one member can hurt the other.
C) they do not require individuals to stay in the relationship.
D) the relationships are too intense.
Q3) The Stanley Milgram study demonstrated that people are willing to obey authority:
A) regardless of the pain they might inflict on others.
B) only when they feel that the authority figure is part of their primary group.
C) when the authority figure is part of their reference group.
D) if the orders do not have negative consequences for other people.
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Chapter 6: Conformity, Deviance, and Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following sociological theories views deviance as necessary for society and contributing to its overall stability?
A) conflict theory
B) functionalist theory
C) interactionist theory
D) control theory
Q2) Which theory best explains why a neighborhood that had only minor problems, such as abandoned cars and graffiti, began to see an increase in other more serious types of property crime?
A) control theory
B) broken windows theory
C) conflict theory
D) differential association theory
Q3) What is the biological view of deviance? What are some of the weaknesses of this approach? Please explain in three to four sentences.
Q4) Why have efforts to significantly decrease the supply of illegal drugs in the United States failed?
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8
Chapter 7: Stratification, Class, and Inequality
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66 Verified Questions
66 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of downward mobility?
A) Danisha, who was just fired from his job at Wells Fargo bank.
B) George, who stopped receiving welfare payments after getting hired at a shoe store.
C) Harel, who took a leave of absence to care for his ill parents.
D) Jane, who was raised in a middle-class household and now works at a grocery store full time.
Q2) According to the textbook, members of the lower middle class today:
A) work at primarily blue-collar jobs.
B) make up about 90 percent of American households.
C) are racially and ethnically diverse.
D) make over $200,000 annually.
Q3) According to the textbook, what is one of the reasons that slavery does not exist in most societies around the world today?
A) It is an inefficient economic system.
B) Slaves are too expensive to buy.
C) The Civil War outlawed it.
D) Around the world, slavery has always been considered immoral.
Q4) In two or three sentences, compare and contrast caste and class as systems of stratification.
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Chapter 8: Global Inequality
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Sample Questions
Q1) The United States would be considered one of the ________ countries in world-systems theory.
A) peripheral
B) subordinate
C) semiperipheral
D) core
Q2) The textbook notes that cultural traditions such as Confucian philosophy-with its emphasis on respect for elders, frugality, and hard work-may explain some of the economic advances in East Asia. This assertion is similar to Weber's argument that capitalism in Europe was influenced by:
A) Catholicism.
B) Protestantism.
C) Evangelicalism.
D) Agnosticism.
Q3) In a short paragraph, describe how dependency theorists explain global inequality.
Q4) In two to three sentences, describe how market-oriented theories explain global inequality.
Q5) In two to three sentences, describe how state-centered theories explain global inequality?
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Chapter 9: Gender Inequality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Variations in gender roles across cultures demonstrate that:
A) gender roles are biologically determined.
B) gender roles are not biologically determined.
C) Western social scientists have a bias that distorts their understanding of gender roles.
D) gender roles are essentially the same everywhere, with only minor variations.
Q2) How does patriarchy, or male dominance in society, take shape across the world?
A) Men are favored in most societies, but the degree of patriarchy varies.
B) Men are favored in most societies, and patriarchy is strong throughout.
C) Men are not favored in most societies, but the degree of patriarchy varies.
D) Men are not favored in most societies, and patriarchy is weak in most countries.
Q3) In two to three sentences, please explain why women are so often the target of sexual violence.
Q4) Because of differential treatment in schools, Jasmine, a twelve-year-old girl, will likely be socialized to be:
A) quiet.
B) inquisitive.
C) outspoken.
D) an active problem solver.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Ethnicity and Race
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the textbook, the transferring of ideas or emotions from their true source to another object is called:
A) transference.
B) stereotyping.
C) discrimination.
D) displacement.
Q2) The early wave of immigrants to the United States, from the 1820s to the 1880s, was mostly from:
A) northwestern Europe.
B) eastern Europe.
C) southern Europe.
D) Latin America.
Q3) People who, because of their distinct physical or cultural characteristics, find themselves in situations of inequality within a society are known as:
A) an ethnic group.
B) a racial group.
C) a minority group.
D) scapegoats.
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12
Chapter 11: Families and Intimate Relationships
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Sample Questions
Q1) Crystal and Latoya, a lesbian couple, have lived together for a year. Based on what you read in the textbook, which of the following is a likely reason that Crystal and Latoya decided to cohabit?
A) They believed that their partner would be more likely to remain faithful.
B) They wanted to ensure compatibility before marriage.
C) They wanted to live together but keep their expenses separate.
D) They wanted the tax benefits that are associated with cohabitation.
Q2) Although it is most common for young people to leave home to begin independent lives, in previous generations, young people typically left home:
A) to get away from the endless farmwork required of children.
B) to avoid domestic violence.
C) because their parents evicted them.
D) to get married.
Q3) Of people in a similar age group, who is most likely to get married?
A) LGBT people
B) men who have been married and divorced
C) women who have been married and divorced
D) people with incomes twice the poverty threshold
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Chapter 12: Education and Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sally belongs to a large bureaucratic religious body with a hierarchy of officials. It is one of the largest, most recognized, and most legitimated faces of religion in her country. Sociologists would refer to this as a:
A) church.
B) sect.
C) denomination.
D) cult.
Q2) Kendra is able to comprehend, interpret, and apply the content of graphs and information tables. She is demonstrating:
A) prose literacy.
B) quantitative literacy.
C) basic literacy.
D) document literacy.
Q3) What are some of the reasons there are high rates of illiteracy in the developing world? Please explain your answer in three to five sentences.
Q4) According to the textbook, how do religious groups in the United States vary by region and socioeconomic status? Please explain your answer in a short paragraph.
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Chapter 13: Politics and Economic Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the textbook, capitalism began to spread with the growth of the Industrial Revolution in the:
A) seventeenth century.
B) eighteenth century.
C) nineteenth century.
D) twentieth century.
Q2) According to the textbook, what is a typical characteristic of multiparty political systems?
A) There is a greater concentration of political ideas on the middle ground than in two-party systems.
B) Coalitions in which no one party has a clear majority can result in stalemate and deadlock.
C) Legal restrictions are placed on the number of political parties.
D) There is a closer resemblance between the various political parties than in two-party systems.
Q3) What is a welfare state? Can the United States be classified as a welfare state? Explain your answer in a short paragraph.
Q4) What are the main features of capitalism? Answer in two to four sentences.
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Chapter 14: The Sociology of the Body: Health, Illness, and Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Barbara and her children live in a community that has no nearby grocery stores. Farmers' markets and fresh fruit and vegetable stands are completely absent as well. The term scholars use to refer to communities like Barbara's is:
A) impoverished.
B) nutritionally challenged.
C) nutritionally isolated.
D) food deserts.
Q2) What are some of the important contributions of Alfred Kinsey's research on sexuality? Please explain your answer in a short paragraph.
Q3) Which of Corbin and Strauss's types of work involves the process of incorporating an illness into one's life, making sense of it, and developing ways of explaining it to others?
A) illness work
B) biographical work
C) everyday work
D) adapting work
Q4) How do functionalist theorists and symbolic interactionists differ in their perspectives on health and illness? Please explain your answer in a short paragraph.
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Chapter 15: Urbanization, Population, and the Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the ecological approach, the development of urban areas can be understood as similar to:
A) the natural world.
B) the solar system.
C) rural development.
D) a machine.
Q2) When Jorge first moved to Chicago from his small, rural town in California, he found it hard to meet new people. Back home in his small town, people often said hello to each other on the street, and he knew the name of most of the people who lived in his town. However, in Chicago people rarely made eye contact with him on the street. According to Louis Wirth, Jorge was experiencing:
A) the rudeness of urban people.
B) the urban interaction problem.
C) rural isolationism.
D) the racism of urban life.
Q3) Outline Saskia Sassen's concept of the global city. Which of the four key traits of these urban centers seems most significant to understanding urban life, and why?
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Chapter 16: Globalization in a Changing World
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would be considered a manufactured risk, according to German sociologist Ulrich Beck?
A) Florida being pummeled with four hurricanes in 2004
B) the 1979 Three Mile Island nuclear disaster in Pennsylvania
C) the devastation caused by Hurricane Katrina
D) the toxic gases released by the eruption of Washington State's Mount St. Helens in 1980 and 2004
Q2) According to the transformationalist perspective on globalization, the political structures of countries are adapting to challenges from:
A) new forms of economic and social organization.
B) a declining world economy.
C) resistant citizens.
D) terrorist organizations.
Q3) According to postmodernists, there is "no such thing as history." What do they mean by this statement? Do you agree or disagree with their view of globalization?
Q4) According to Ulrich Beck, globalization brings about a "risk society." Explain a "risk society" and the kinds of risks that are being "manufactured." What specific risks are you most concerned about? Why?
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