Principles of Sociology Exam Bank
Course Introduction
Principles of Sociology introduces students to the foundational concepts, theories, and methods used to understand human society and social behavior. The course explores how individuals interact within groups, institutions, and cultures, examining topics such as socialization, social structure, inequality, deviance, and collective action. By analyzing the dynamics of race, class, gender, and other social divisions, students develop a critical understanding of the forces that shape identity, culture, and social change. Through lectures, discussions, and research activities, the course provides tools to interpret social phenomena and apply sociological perspectives to real-world issues.
Recommended Textbook
Experience Sociology 2nd Edition by David Croteau
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17 Chapters
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Chapter 1: Sociology in a Changing World
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Sample Questions
Q1) The intended results of social phenomena are called
A)manifest functions.
B)latent functions.
C)dysfunctions.
D)functions.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following terms refers to the shared values within a society?
A)culture
B)mechanical solidarity
C)organic solidarity
D)collective conscience
Answer: D
Q3) Which level of analysis focuses on large social structures?
A)micro
B)meso
C)mini
D)macro
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Understanding the Research Process
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Sample Questions
Q1) A study aimed at understanding and ending child abuse would be an example of interpretive social science research.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) In his study of workplace harassment,George changed the names of the participants that he quoted in his final report.This was done to ensure A)anonymity.
B)informed consent.
C)confidentiality.
D)secrecy.
Answer: C
Q3) Intensive interviewing is a type of survey research.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) For sociologists,culture refers to refinement in the arts and great works of literature.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Siobhan was traveling to Spain for the first time.She had never traveled to Europe before but was very excited and wanted to be well prepared.She spent a lot of time checking out library books,talking to travel agents,and reading many articles and viewing pictures posted on the Internet.When she went to Spain she found that she didn't experience culture shock because of her excellent preparation.Siobhan encountered very little for which she was not prepared,but if she did,on what would she rely?
A)cultural knowledge
B)good guesswork
C)cultural deduction
D)social etiquette
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Social Structure
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why would workers fighting a plant closing be an example of action?
A)The workers would be picketing and that is an activity.
B)Workers are acting outside of their structural positions as employees by fighting their superiors.
C)Workers' desire for jobs is evidence that they are active in the economy.
D)Action simply means that the workers want to be productive.
Q2) Which of the following would be an example of a social status?
A)the economy of a given country
B)one school within a larger school system
C)parents' need to care for their children
D)a freshman student
Q3) A sociologist decides to study how students go about their daily routines and how they learn what they are supposed to do.For example,how do students know to go to class when the bell rings? and why do students call teachers by their last names? A sociologist from which of the following backgrounds would be interested in this study?
A)a functionalist
B)an ethnomethodologist
C)a conversational analyst
D)a gender scholar
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Power
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Sample Questions
Q1) From Michel Foucault's distinctive perspective of power,people
A)are coerced by centralized power.
B)resist coercive authority.
C)willingly self-regulate to conform.
D)are vulnerable to persuasion.
Q2) In a democracy,political participation is equal for all groups.
A)True B)False
Q3) Under the Indian caste system,people must marry within their own caste.
A)True B)False
Q4) All groups that enjoy a privilege in society are keenly aware of their privilege. A)True B)False
Q5) Power that uses force to accomplish obedience is A)traditional.
B)illegitimate.
C)rational.
D)primitive.
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Chapter 6: Socialization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which theorist believes that power shapes our daily life and our sense of self?
A)Charles Horton Cooley
B)Michel Foucault
C)George Herbert Mead
D)Sherry Turkle
Q2) Socialization ends with adolescence.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Jessica earned her master's degree.She was excited about finishing graduate school and finding her first professional job.She obtained a position working in a large marketing department in a healthcare system in San Francisco.Jessica was nervous about what would be expected of her.She was unsure about the rules in her own department and in the larger corporate culture of the organization.Who would likely be the most important socializing agent for Jessica as she learns the appropriate behaviors in her new work environment?
A)her parents
B)her graduate school professors
C)her graduate school friends
D)her coworkers
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Interaction, Groups, and Organizations
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Sample Questions
Q1) What does impersonality mean in terms of a bureaucracy?
A)People who work at bureaucracies are mean.
B)Bureaucracies rely greatly on robots and technology.
C)People move in out of positions,but the structure remains.
D)When a position is vacated it takes a long time to be filleD.
Q2) Secondary groups that have a more formal structure and are formed to accomplish a specific task (like a business)are known as
A)social networks.
B)organizations.
C)categories.
D)societies.
Q3) A sociologist is mapping out who knows each other in her sociology class.Jill knows Paul and Mike.Mike knows Isaiah,who knows Catherine and Juan.Juan knows Paul as well.The sociologist is looking at the ________ present in her classroom.
A)out-groups
B)in-groups
C)social networks
D)social circuits
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Chapter 8: Deviance and Social Control
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Sample Questions
Q1) Women in the military are still considered deviant by some.How does power play a role here?
A)Women do not have enough power to be soldiers.
B)Women have limited power to defend their rights.
C)Men have traditionally defined gender appropriate roles.
D)Women need more power to overcome prejudice.
Q2) Consistent with the premises of strain theory,research finds that juvenile delinquency and gang membership is primarily caused by A)social pressure.
B)blocked opportunities.
C)broken family structures.
D)moral failure.
Q3) Overconformist behavior that is met with a positive response is called A)overconformity.
B)positive deviance.
C)approved behavior.
D)orderly conduct.
Q4) Individual immorality often explains deviant behavior.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Class and Global Inequality
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Q1) Mansoor tells you he believes that many countries in Africa are poor because other nations exploited Africa's labor and natural resources for their own benefit.As a result,it was difficult for Africa's poor nations to build their own economies.Which theory is Mansoor explaining?
A)world systems analysis
B)colonial theory
C)modernization theory
D)dependency theory
Q2) Incomes across all social classes in the United States have been decreasing in the last thirty years.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What term refers to a shift in one's social class that results from overall changes in the way employment is organized in society?
A)class mobility
B)individual mobility
C)structural mobility
D)relative mobility
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11
Chapter 10: Race and Ethnicity
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Q1) All of the following statements are true regarding Arab Americans and the Arab world EXCEPT that
A)individuals from Lebanon comprise the largest subgroup of Arab Americans.
B)Arab Americans hold graduate degrees at nearly double the rate of Americans as a whole.
C)almost all Arab Americans are Muslim.
D)more than 80 percent of the world's Muslims live outside the Arab worlD.
Q2) In ancient Greece and Rome,slavery existed independent of race.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following statements is true regarding intermarriage?
A)Black women are more likely to intermarry than black men.
B)Younger people are more likely to intermarry than older generations.
C)Asian men are more likely to intermarry than Asian women.
D)Immigrants are more likely to intermarry.
Q4) The Holocaust that took place during World War II is an example of A)segregation.
B)population transfer.
C)genocide.
D)assimilation.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Gender and Sexuality
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Q1) What term refers to the increasing similarities in how men and women view what is appropriate sexual behavior for men and women?
A)the sexual revolution
B)the sexual double standard
C)gender convergence
D)sexual convergence
Q2) In American society,how many sexual identity groups are recognized?
A)two
B)four
C)three
D)five
Q3) Though exact numbers are still debated,approximately what percentage of the population is born with ambiguous sexual criteria?
A)3 percent
B)5 percent
C)1 percent
D)7 percent
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Family and Religion
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Q1) When Jewish boys and girls are thirteen years old,they are considered to be "coming of age." The age of thirteen was chosen because it roughly coincides with physical puberty.Prior to the age of thirteen,parents are responsible for their children following Jewish law and tradition.After this age,the child is responsible.Boys celebrate a bar mitzvah and girls celebrate a bat mitzvah.This involves being called to read the Torah.In Emile Durkheim's view,what do the bar and bat mitzvah represent?
A)a ritual
B)a degradation ceremony
C)a practice
D)a sect
Q2) What patterns can be observed in the median age of marriage for men and women?
A)From the 1960s to the present,median age has increased for men and stayed roughly the same for women.
B)From the 1970s to the present time,median age has fluctuated up and down for men only.
C)From the 1960s to the present time,median age for both men and women has increased.
D)From the 1960s to the 1980s median age for women decreaseD.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Education and Work
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ is the distinctive set of norms that shape daily behavior and interactions on the job.
A)Workplace structure
B)Shopfloor culture
C)Schoolroom culture
D)Organizational environment
Q2) The process by which people come to occupy a level within a social hierarchy is
A)status hierarchy.
B)achieved status.
C)status attainment.
D)status obtainment.
Q3) Which aspect of schooling would a functionalist study?
A)how the educational system fits into the larger society
B)how classmates interact with one another during gym
C)how property taxes pay for instruction and books
D)how schools perpetuate inequalities within society
Q4) There is little difference across workplace cultures in the United States.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Media and Consumption
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Q1) ________ is the creation of covert advertising practices in which ads become part of real-life situations.
A)Emotional obsolescence
B)Captive audience
C)Product placement
D)Stealth advertising
Q2) When more media outlets come to be owned by fewer and fewer companies,media ownership becomes
A)diffuse.
B)enhanced.
C)diminished.
D)concentrateD.
Q3) What was the key to the development of new media?
A)individuals' willingness to participate in the creation of media
B)globalization
C)linking digital media to the Internet
D)None of these answers is correct.
Q4) Consumer culture is a key factor in environmental destruction.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Communities, the Environment, and Health
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Q1) The typical American suburban housing pattern contributes to which of the following?
A)community involvement
B)building social connections
C)class-based exclusion
D)lower taxes
Q2) The built environment is an important context to consider in understanding social behavior.Which of the following societies was LEAST influenced by a built environment?
A)the Incas
B)ancient Romans
C)Native Americans
D)the Chinese
Q3) Besides agriculture,rural communities have lost their relevance in today's economic environment.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Today,the majority of the world's population continues to live in rural areas.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Politics and the Economy
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Q1) The United States represents more than two-thirds of the world's total military spending.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which theory argues that political power is fragmented among different competing groups?
A)power fragmentation theory
B)power elite theory
C)pluralist theory
D)class domination theory
Q3) Some countries have a combination of a democratic political system and a socialist economy,which has produced
A)poor economic outcomes.
B)limited civil liberties.
C)a very high standard of living.
D)slow growth and high unemployment.
Q4) Political participation is stratified by class more in the United States than in many other democracies.
A)True
B)False
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Social Change: Globalization, Population, and Social Movements
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Q1) Which group most benefits from the principles of economic neoliberalism?
A)investors and capitalists
B)the working class
C)the government sector
D)marginal groups
Q2) Karl Marx's perspective focuses on which of the following to explain social change?
A)cultural factors
B)power factors
C)material factors
D)domination
Q3) Many individuals decided to have children at about the same time,which resulted in the baby boom.Which of the following was primarily responsible for the baby boom?
A)individual decisions
B)biology
C)external factors
D)lax morals
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