Principles of Radiographic Imaging Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Principles of Radiographic Imaging introduces students to the fundamental concepts and techniques involved in the production of diagnostic radiographic images. The course covers the physics of radiation, interactions of x-rays with matter, the components of radiographic equipment, and the processes that influence image quality, exposure, contrast, and resolution. Emphasis is placed on understanding how technical factors and patient variables affect image formation, as well as the importance of radiation safety and protection. Through theoretical instruction and practical application, students develop a foundational knowledge necessary for producing high-quality diagnostic images in clinical settings.
Recommended Textbook
Digital Radiography An Introduction for Technologists 1st Edition by Euclid Seeram
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Chapter 1: Digital Radiography: An Overview
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Sample Questions
Q1) The film gamma refers to the sensitivity of the film to radiation.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) One of the significant differences between CR and film-screen radiography is that the exposure latitude of CR is about 104 times wider than that of the widest range of
Answer: film-screen systems film screen systems
Q3) The application of digital fluoroscopy to angiography is referred to as
Answer: digital subtraction angiography
Q4) In the production of film-based radiographic images, X-rays pass through the patient and fall upon the film to form a(n)____________________.
Answer: latent image
Q5) An important element of image and data communications is that of
Answer: image compression
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Chapter 2: Digital Imaging Processing Concepts
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Q1) There are several operations used in digital image processing to transform an output image into an input image to suit the needs of the human observer.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Temporal averaging involves averaging a set of images to reduce image
Answer: noise
Q3) The purpose of the ____ class of processing is to generate an image that is more pleasing to the observer.
A) image restoration
B) image analysis
C) image compression
D) image enhancement
Answer: D
Q4) The term ___________________ implies that all the pixels in the entire input image are used to change the value of a pixel in the output image.
Answer: global
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Computed Radiography: Physics and Technology
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Q1) ____________________ involves both sampling the analog signal and quantization.
Answer: Digitization
Q2) Which tool provides visual evaluation of high contrast resolution, low contrast resolution, and artifacts, using appropriate QC software?
A) FCR 1 shot Plus System
B) AAPM densitometer
C) Kodak CR System
D) Agfa CR System
Answer: A
Q3) For the same FOV, the greater the matrix size, the smaller the pixels and the better the image sharpness.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Quality control (QC)is a component of QA and refers specifically to the ___________________ of important variables that affect image quality and radiation dose.
Answer: monitoring
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Chapter 4: Effective Use of Computed Radiography
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Q1) Because automatic rescaling produces images with similar brightness, it is viewed as the ____ of the system.
A) exposure latitude
B) speed class
C) dynamic range
D) lateral rib margins
Q2) If larger body structures are done 3 on 1, the ____________________ scatter will reduce the contrast unless the unexposed areas are shielded between exposures.
Q3) If the exposure field is not recognized, the off-focus radiation and scatter outside the exposure field become part of the ____________________.
Q4) Acquiring one image on the smallest plate available avoids which recognition error?
A) exposure field
B) bilateral
C) multiple exposure
D) intrafield scatter
Q5) In order to visualize the____________________ structures of interest, some initial preprocessing must occur during imaging data extraction.
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Chapter 5: Flat-Panel Digital Radiography
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Q1) Which layer used in the indirect flat-panel digital detector is usually either cesium iodide (CsI)or gradolinium oxysulfide (Gd?O?S)?
A) flat panel
B) thin-film transistor
C) X-ray scintillator
D) amorphous silicon
Q2) For digital imaging systems, the spatial resolution depends on the size of the ____________________ in the matrix.
Q3) Flaws in the various components that make up a panel can lead to image lag.
A)True
B)False
Q4) While indirect detectors use a phosphor, direct detectors use a(n)____________________.
Q5) Too much edge enhancement produces image noise and creates ____.
A) nonlinear response
B) poor contrast
C) linear response
D) an halo effect
Q6) The narrower the LSF, the better the ____________________ resolution.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Digital Fluoroscopy
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Q1) A pre-contrast image, referred to as a(n)____________________ image, is first obtained and post-contrast images are then digitally subtracted from the mask image.
Q2) In some systems, it is possible to adjust the pixel size by ____________________ four pixels into one larger pixel.
Q3) In the case of ____________________ scanning, 262.5 odd lines (one TV field)are first scanned, followed by 262.5 even lines (one TV field).
Q4) A(n)____ couples the video camera to the television monitor by means of a coaxial cable and control electronics.
A) X-ray tube and generator
B) closed-circuit X-ray television
C) grid-controlled X-ray tube
D) X-ray beam
Q5) Which of the following is an image-processing technique used to reduce the radiation dose to the patient?
A) temporal frame average
B) edge enhancement
C) last-image hold
D) grayscale-image manipulation
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Chapter 7: Digital Mammography
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Q1) ____ is defined as radiography of the breast; it is a prime example of soft tissue radiography, since the breast is composed of soft tissues such as adipose (fat), fibrous, and glandular tissue.
A) Chemical imaging
B) Sonography
C) Breast imaging
D) Mammography
Q2) ____________________ finds unique features that can be readily distinguished reliably between a lesion and other normal anatomical structures.
Q3) Mammography was developed as a dedicated imaging technique to detect breast cancer that has become prevalent among women in Europe.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Digital mammography can be used in visualizing ____ by using an iodinated contrast medium.
A) lesions
B) density
C) angiogenesis
D) tomosynthesis
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Chapter 8: Picture Archiving and Communication Systems
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Q1) ____________________ serves to combine all the components into a whole system so that they can all communicate with one and other.
Q2) The lack of PACS interfacing to information systems such as radiology information systems (RIS)and hospital information systems (HIS)resulted in ____________________ problems, such as the delivery of data to specific locations at specific times, a function carried out by technologists in a film-based imaging department.
Q3) While offline storage cannot be removed and provides immediate access to images (RAM for example)within seconds, nearline storage is removable (RAID for example)with longer image retrieval times.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A(n)____ is the element that reduces the size of the image file, and is therefore a very important variable in studies examining the effects of image compression on image quality.
A) image ratio
B) image display
C) compressed image
D) compression ratio
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Chapter 9: Medical Imaging Informatics: An Overview
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Q1) Storage converts data to information that can be used by human observers to solve problems, such as diagnosing a patient's medical condition.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Since the information contained in the HIS can be shared with the EHR, physicians in the hospital, for example, can access related information on their patients from their offices, if required.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Costs associated with various procedures performed on patients are generated and sent to a(n)____________________ system.
Q4) The notion of the radiologist as ____________________ was identified as early as 2000 with the evolution and rapid growth of digital imaging technologies.
Q5) The ___________________ provides a wide range of benefits to health care professionals, including physicians, but it also has benefits that are available to the health care enterprise in general, such as improved data integrity and quality of care, as well as increased productivity from satisfied health care providers.
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Chapter 10: Quality Control for Digital Radiography
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Q1) With screen-film radiography, which part of the developed film indicates how much radiation has been used in the examination?
A) DR
B) CR
C) kVp
D) OD
Q2) Automatic rescaling contributes to a common misconception that in DR exposure ____________________ selection is irrelevant to the appearance of the image.
Q3) When ____________________ in performance is observed, and corrective action is taken, it is important to verify that performance has returned to normal levels.
Q4) What is another name for the flowchart of the steps involved in performing a DR exam?
A) indicator
B) control limit
C) process map
D) metadata
Q5) ____________________ in DR causes an increase in quantum mottle and a loss of contrast in dense features.
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