Principles of Physics I Exam Review - 3319 Verified Questions

Principles of Physics I Exam Review

Course Introduction

Principles of Physics I offers an introduction to the fundamental concepts and principles that govern the physical world. Covering topics such as mechanics, motion, forces, energy, momentum, and the properties of matter, this course lays the groundwork for understanding both classical and modern physics. Through a combination of lectures, problem-solving sessions, and laboratory experiments, students develop critical thinking and analytical skills while gaining a comprehensive understanding of how physical laws apply to everyday phenomena and technological applications. This course is designed for students pursuing science, engineering, or related fields and serves as a prerequisite for more advanced studies in physics.

Recommended Textbook College Physics 1st Edition by Eugenia Etkina

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Chapter 1: Introduction

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Sample Questions

Q1) A reasonable estimate for the height of the walls in an ordinary American home is A)10 m.

B)8 m.

C)2.5 m.

D)1.5 m.

Answer: C

Q2) A rectangular garden measures 15 m long and 13.70 m wide.What is the length of a diagonal from one corner of the garden to the other?

A)18 m

B)19 m

C)20 m

D)4.1 × 10² m

Answer: C

Q3) Express (2.2 × 10⁶)^-1/2 in scientific notation.

A)6.7 × 10^-⁴

B)1.5 × 10³

C)1.5 × 10^-5

D)1.5 × 10⁴

Answer: A

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Page 3

Chapter 2: Kinematics: Motion in One Dimension

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Q1) A car is moving with a speed of 32.0 m/s.The driver sees an accident ahead and slams on the brakes,causing the car to slow down with a uniform acceleration of magnitude 3.50 m/s².How far does the car travel after the driver put on the brakes until it comes to a stop?

A)4.57 m

B)9.14 m

C)112 m

D)146 m

E)292 m

Answer: D

Q2) From the edge of a roof top you toss a green ball upwards with initial speed v₀ and a blue ball downwards with the same initial speed.Neglect air.When they reach the ground below

A)the green ball will be moving faster than the blue ball.

B)the blue ball will be moving faster than the green ball.

C)the two balls will have the same speed.

Answer: C

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Chapter 3: Newtonian Mechanics

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Sample Questions

Q1) A crate is sliding down an inclined ramp at a constant speed of 0.55 m/s.The vector sum of all the forces exerted on this crate must point

A)down the ramp.

B)up the ramp.

C)perpendicular to the ramp.

D)vertically downward.

E)None of the above choices is correct.

Answer: E

Q2) A flatbed truck is carrying an 800-kg load of timber that is not tied down.The maximum friction force that the truck bed exerts on the load is 2400 N.What is the greatest acceleration that the truck can have without losing its load?

Answer: 3.0 m/s²

Q3) An object has a mass of 60 kg on Earth.What are the mass and weight of this object on the surface of the Moon where the acceleration of objects due to the gravitational attraction is only 1/6 of what it is on Earth?

Answer: mass = 60 kg,weight = 98 N

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Page 5

Chapter 4: Applying Newtons Laws

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Sample Questions

Q1) If a vector's components are all negative,then the magnitude of the vector is negative.

A)True

B)False

Q2) A boy kicks a football from ground level with an initial velocity of 20 m/s at an angle of 30° above the horizontal.What is the horizontal distance to the point where the football hits the ground if we neglect air?

A)20 m

B)35 m

C)18 m

D)60 m

E)30.0 m

Q3) In a shuffleboard game,the puck slides a total of 12 m on a horizontal surface before coming to rest.If the coefficient of kinetic friction between the puck and board is 0.10,what was the initial speed of the puck?

A)4.8 m/s

B)48.5 m/s

C)3.8 m/s

D)4.3 m/s

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Page 6

Chapter 5: Circular Motion

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Sample Questions

Q1) Sarah drives at a constant speed of 15 m/s around a circular horizontal curve of diameter 60 m.What are the magnitude and direction of her acceleration?

Q2) As you know,the earth has an orbital period of 1.0 year at an orbital radius of 1.0 AU (astronomical unit,the average distance between the earth and the sun).If a new "minor planet" were to be found in a circular orbit with radius 13 AU,what would be its orbital period?

Q3) Two planets have the same free-fall acceleration on the surface,but planet B has twice the mass of planet A.If planet A has radius r,what is the radius of planet B?

A)r/ \(\sqrt { 2 }\)

B)r

C)r \(\sqrt { 2 }\)

D)4r

E)2r

Q4) Two identical tiny balls of highly compressed matter are 1.50 m apart.When released in an orbiting space station,they accelerate toward each other at 2.00 cm/s².What is the mass of each of them? (G = 6.67 × 10^-11 N m²/kg²)

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Chapter 6: Impulse and Linear Momentum

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Sample Questions

Q1) A very elastic rubber ball is dropped from a certain height and hits the floor with a downward speed v.Since it is so elastic,the ball bounces back with the same speed v going upward.Which of the following statements about the bounce are correct? (There could be more than one correct choice.)

A)The ball had the same momentum just before and just after the bounce.

B)The magnitude of the ball's momentum was the same just before and just after the bounce.

C)The ball's momentum was conserved during the bounce.

D)None of the above statements are correct.

Q2) A 475-gram ball is traveling horizontally at 12.0 m/s to the left when it is suddenly struck horizontally by a bat,causing it to reverse direction and initially travel at 8.50 m/s to the right.If the bat exerted an average force of 1275 N on the ball,for how long (in milliseconds)was it in contact with the ball?

Q3) A batter exerts an average force of 8000 N to a baseball for 1.1 ms.What is the magnitude of the impulse exerted on the baseball by the bat?

Q4) What is the magnitude of the momentum of a 0.140 kg baseball traveling at 45.0 m/s?

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8

Chapter 7: Work and Energy

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Sample Questions

Q1) A block slides down a frictionless inclined ramp.If the ramp angle is 17.0° above the horizontal and the length of the surface of the ramp is \(20.0 \mathrm {~m}\) find the speed of the block as it reaches the bottom of the ramp,assuming it started sliding from rest at the top.Also assume no air resistance.

A)10.7 m/s

B)114 m/s

C)7.57 m/s

D)19.6 m/s

Q2) A truck has four times the mass of a car and is moving with twice the speed of the car.If K_t and K_c refer to the kinetic energies of truck and car respectively,it is correct to say that

A)K_t = 16K_c.

B)K_t = 4K_c.

C)K_t = 2K_c.

D)K_t = K_c.

E)K_t = \(\frac { 1 } { 2 }\) Kc.

Q3) How fast must a 6.0-kg cat run to have a kinetic energy of 150 J?

Q4) How high a hill would a 75-kg hiker have to climb to increase her gravitational potential energy by 10,000 J?

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Chapter 8: Extended Bodies at Rest

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Sample Questions

Q1) Three objects of masses 1.0 kg,2.0 kg,and 3.0 kg,are located at (0.0 m,0.0 m),(1.0 m,1.0 m),and (2.0 m,-2.0 m),respectively.What is the location of the center of mass of this system?

A)(1.3 m, 0.67 m)

B)(1.3 m, -0.67 m)

C)(-1.3 m, 0.67 m)

D)(-1.3 m, -0.67 m)

Q2) A 15-kg child is sitting on a playground teeter-totter,1.5 m from the pivot.What is the magnitude of the minimum force,applied 0.30 m on the other side of the pivot,that is needed to make the child lift off the ground?

A)75 N

B)740 N

C)23 N

D)44 N

E)66 N

Q3) A 10-m uniform beam weighing 100 N is supported by two vertical ropes at its ends.If a 400-N person sits at a point 2.0 m from the left end of the beam,what is the force that each rope exerts on the beam?

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10

Chapter 9: Rotational Motion

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Sample Questions

Q1) The drive chain in a bicycle is exerting a torque of 0.850 N m to the wheel of the bicycle.The wheel has a moment of inertia of 0.100 kg m².What is the angular acceleration of the wheel?

Q2) A wheel having a moment of inertia of 5.00 kg m² starts from rest and accelerates under a constant torque of 3.00 N m for 8.00 s.What is the wheel's rotational kinetic energy at the end of 8.00 s?

A)57.6 J

B)64.0 J

C)78.8 J

D)122 J

Q3) Two uniform solid spheres have the same mass,but one has twice the radius of the other.The ratio of the larger sphere's moment of inertia about a central axis to that of the smaller sphere is

A)4/5.

B)8/5.

C)1/2.

D)2.

E)4.

Q4) Express the angular speed of an old 33 1/3 rpm LP in rad/s.

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Chapter 10: Gases

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Sample Questions

Q1) Nitrogen boils at -196°C.What is the corresponding temperature in the Fahrenheit scale?

A)-315°F

B)-196°F

C)-346°F

D)-290°F

E)-321°F

Q2) A certain automobile tire has a volume of 0.0185 m³.If the absolute (or total)pressure in the tire is 500 kPa and the temperature is 298 K,how many molecules are there inside the tire? (R = 8.31 J/mol K,N_A = 6.022 x 10²³ molecules/mol)

A)2.25 × 10²³ molecules

B)2.25 × 10²⁴ molecules

C)3.25 × 10²³ molecules

D)3.25 × 10²⁴ molecules

E)3.25 × 10²⁵ molecules

Q3) What is absolute zero on the (a)Celsius scale and (b)on the Fahrenheit scale?

Q4) How many molecules are in (a)1.0 cm³ of air at STP and (b)1.0 cm³ of helium at STP? (R = 8.31 J/mol K,N_A = 6.022 × 10²³ molecules/mol)

Page 12

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Chapter 11: Static Fluids

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Sample Questions

Q1) What buoyant force is exerted by water on a 0.60-kg solid gold crown when it is immersed in water? The density of gold is 19.3 × 10³ kg/m³ and that of water is 1000 kg/m³.

A)3.0 × 10^-5 N

B)3.0 × 10^-4 N

C)3.0 × 10^-2 N

D)0.30 N

Q2) A solid sphere of mass 8.6 kg,made of metal whose density is 3400 kg/ \(m ^ { 3 }\) ,hangs by a cord.When the sphere is immersed in a liquid of unknown density,the tension force that the cord exerts on the sphere is 38 N.The density of the liquid is closest to which one of the following values?

A)1900 kg/ \(m ^ { 3 }\)

B)1700 kg/ \(m ^ { 3 }\)

C)1600 kg/ \(m ^ { 3 }\)

D)1500 kg/ \(m ^ { 3 }\)

E)1400 kg/ \(m ^ { 3 }\)

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13

Chapter 12: Fluids in Motion

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Sample Questions

Q1) Two horizontal pipes are the same length,but pipe B has twice the diameter of pipe A.Water undergoes viscous flow in both pipes,subject to the same pressure difference across the lengths of the pipes.If the flow rate in pipe A is Q = \(\frac { \Delta V } { \Delta t }\) ,what is the flow rate in pipe B?

A)2Q

B)4Q

C)8Q

D)16Q

E)Q \(\sqrt { 2 }\)

Q2) For a certain patient,the build-up of fatty tissue on the wall of an artery has decreased the arterial radius by 10%.By how much would the pressure provided by the heart have to be increased to maintain a constant volume of blood flow? Model the blood as an ideal incompressible fluid.

A)48%

B)52%

C)46%

D)54%

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14

Chapter 13: First Law of Thermodynamics

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Q1) A 920-g empty iron kettle is put on a stove.How much thermal energy in joules must be transferred to it to raise its temperature form \(15.0 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C }\) to \(93.0 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C } \text { ? }\) The specific heat for iron is 113 cal/kg C°,and 1 cal = 4.186 J.

A)33,900 J

B)40,500 J

C)8110 J

D)40,100 J

Q2) How many grams of ice at -17°C must be added to 741 grams of water that is initially at a temperature of \(70 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C }\) to produce water at a final temperature of \( { 12 } ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C } \text {, }\) Assume that no thermal energy is lost to the surroundings and that the container has negligible mass.The specific heat of liquid water is 4190 J/kg C° and of ice is 2000 J/kg C°.For water the normal melting point is 0°C and the heat of fusion is 334 × 10³ J/kg.The normal boiling point is 100°C and the heat of vaporization is 2.256 × 10⁶ J/kg.

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15

Chapter 14: Second Law of Thermodynamics

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Q1) Suppose that the Department of Energy develops a new reversible engine that has a coefficient of performance (COP)of 4.0 when operated as a refrigerator and a COP of 5.0 when operated as a thermodynamic pump.What is its thermal efficiency when operated as a thermodynamic engine doing work?

A)10%

B)20%

C)25%

D)45%

E)80%

Q2) A thermodynamic engine having the maximum possible efficiency has an efficiency of 35.0% when operating between two heat reservoirs.If the temperature of the hot reservoir is 700 K,what is the temperature of the cold reservoir?

A)200 K

B)245 K

C)350 K

D)455 K

E)600 K

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Chapter 15: Electric Charge force and Energy

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Q1) Three identical 3.0-µC charges are placed at the vertices of an equilateral triangle that measures 30 cm on a side.What is the magnitude of the electrostatic force exerted on any one of the charges? (k = 1/4 ₀ = 9.0 × 10⁹ N m²/C²)

A)1.6 N

B)1.8 N

C)2.0 N

D)2.2 N

E)2.4 N

Q2) Two uncharged metal spheres,#1 and #2,are mounted on insulating support rods.A third metal sphere,carrying a positive charge,is then placed near #2.Now a copper wire is momentarily connected between #1 and #2 and then removed.Finally,sphere #3 is removed.In this final state

A)spheres #1 and #2 are still uncharged.

B)sphere #1 carries positive charge and #2 carries negative charge.

C)sphere #1 carries negative charge and #2 carries positive charge.

D)spheres #1 and #2 both carry positive charge.

E)spheres #1 and #2 both carry negative charge.

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Chapter 16: The Electric Field

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Q1) A parallel-plate capacitor consists of a set of two parallel plates of area A separated by a distance d.This capacitor is connected to a battery that maintains a constant potential difference across the plates.A slab of a dielectric material is inserted in the region between the plates and completely fills it.What changes would you observe as the dielectric is inserted? (There could be more than one correct choice.)

A)Only the charge on the plates of the capacitor would change.

B)Only the capacitance would change.

C)Both the charge on the plates of the capacitor and its capacitance would change.

D)The potential difference across the plates would increase.

E)Nothing would change.

Q2) When the magnitude of the charge on each plate of an air-filled capacitor is 4 C,the potential difference between the plates is 80 V.What is the capacitance of this capacitor?

A)0.1 µF

B)50 µF

C)100 µF

D)20 µF

E)50 nF

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18

Chapter 17: Dc Circuits

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Q1) A light bulb operating at a dc voltage of 120 V has a power rating of 60 W.What is the current through this bulb?

A)1.5 A

B)2.5 A

C)0.50 A

D)2.0 A

E)1.0 A

Q2) The length of a certain wire is doubled and at the same time its radius is also doubled.What is the new resistance of this wire?

A)It stays the same.

B)It is 2 times as large.

C)It is 4 times as large.

D)It is ½ as large.

E)It is ¼ as large.

Q3) A resistor operated at 120 V dc is rated at 1.40 kW.

(a)What is the normal operating current through the resistor?

(b)What is the resistance of the resistor?

Q4) What resistance must be connected in parallel with a 633- resistor to produce an equivalent resistance of 205 ?

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Chapter 18: Magnetism

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Q1) An electron,moving west,enters a magnetic field.Because of this field the electron curves upward.We may conclude that the \(\vec { B }\) field must have a component

A)towards the north.

B)towards the south.

C)upward.

D)downward.

E)towards the west.

Q2) The \(\vec { B }\) field at a distance of 2 cm from a long straight current-carrying wire is 4 T.What is the \(\vec { B }\) field at a distance of 1 cm from this wire?

A)2 T

B)4 T

C)6 T

D)8 T

E)10 T

Q3) What is the strength of the \(\vec { B }\) field at the center of a circular loop of wire of diameter 8.0 cm with a current of 2.0 A through the wire? ( ₀ = 4 × 10^-7 T m/A)

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Chapter 19: Electromagnetic Induction

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Q1) According to Faraday's law,a coil in a strong magnetic field must have a greater induced emf in it than a coil in a weak magnetic field.

A)True

B)False

Q2) An ideal step-up transformer doubles a primary voltage of 110 V.What is the ratio of the number of turns in its primary coil to the number of turns in the secondary coil?

A)1:4

B)4:1

C)2:1

D)1:2

E)1:8

Q3) A flat circular coil having 16 turns,each of diameter 20 cm,is in a uniform and steady 0.13-T \(\vec { B }\) B field.

(a)Find the total magnetic flux through the coil when the field is perpendicular to the plane of the coil.

(b)If the coil is rotated in 10 ms so its plane is parallel to the \(\vec { B }\) field vector,find the average induced emf in the coil.

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Chapter 20: Vibrational Motion

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Q1) A simple pendulum and an object oscillating on an ideal spring both have period T in an elevator at rest.If the elevator now moves downward at a uniform 2 m/s,what is true about the periods of these two systems?

A)Both periods would remain the same.

B)Both periods would increase.

C)Both periods would decrease.

D)The period of the pendulum would increase but the period of the spring would stay the same.

E)The period of the pendulum would decrease but the period of the spring would stay the same.

Q2) In simple harmonic motion,when is the magnitude of the acceleration the greatest? (There could be more than one correct choice.)

A)when the speed is a maximum

B)when the displacement is a zero

C)when the magnitude of the displacement is a maximum

D)when the potential energy is a maximum

E)when the kinetic energy is a minimum

Q3) If a pendulum makes 12 complete swings in 8.0 s,what are its (a)frequency and (b)period?

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Page 22

Chapter 21: Mechanical Waves

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Q1) A police car has an 800-Hz siren.It is traveling at 35.0 m/s on a day when the speed of sound through air is 340 m/s.The car approaches and passes an observer who is standing along the roadside.What change of frequency does the observer hear?

A)0 Hz

B)82 HZ

C)166 Hz

D)249 Hz

Q2) What is the frequency does a stationary observer hear when a train approaches her with a speed of 30 m/s.The frequency of the train horn is 0.600 kHz and the speed of sound is 340 m/s.

A)551 Hz

B)600 Hz

C)653 Hz

D)658 Hz

Q3) A guitar string 0.65 m long has a tension of 61 N and a mass per unit length of 3.0 g/m.

(a)What is the speed of waves on the string when it is plucked?

(b)What is the string's fundamental frequency of vibration when plucked?

(c)At what other frequencies will this string vibrate?

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Page 23

Chapter 22: Reflection and Refraction

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Q1) A thin beam of light enters a thick plastic sheet from air at an angle of 32.0° with the normal and continues in the sheet at an angle of 23.0° with the normal.What is the index of refraction of the plastic?

A)0.74

B)1.11

C)1.28

D)1.36

Q2) A narrow light beam in vacuum contains light of two wavelengths,480 nm and 700 nm.It strikes a flat piece of glass at an angle of incidence of 60.000°.The index of refraction of the glass is 1.4830 at 480 nm and 1.4760 at 700 nm.Determine the angle between the two wavelengths as the light travels in the glass.

Q3) A point source of light is positioned 20.0 m below the surface of a lake.What is the diameter of the largest circle on the surface of the water through which light can emerge into the air? The index of refraction of water is 1.33.

Q4) A ray of light traveling in air makes a 63.0° angle with respect to the normal of the surface of a liquid.It travels in the liquid at a 39.2° angle with respect to the normal.Find the critical angle for total internal reflection for this interface.

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24

Chapter 23: Mirrors and Lenses

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Q1) The angular magnification of a refracting telescope is 40.When the object and final image are both at infinity,the distance between the eyepiece and the objective is 143.5 cm.The telescope is used to view a distant radio tower.The real image of the tower,formed by the objective,is 6.0 mm in height.The focal point of the eyepiece is positioned at the real image.What is the angle subtended by the final image of the tower?

A)0.15 rad

B)0.17 rad

C)0.19 rad

D)0.21 rad

E)0.23 rad

Q2) Starting from very far away,an object is moved closer and closer to a concave lens,eventually reaching the lens.What happens to its image formed by that lens? (There could be more than one correct choice.)

A)The image gets closer and closer to the lens.

B)The image gets farther and farther from the lens.

C)The image always remains virtual.

D)The image eventually changes from real to virtual.

E)The image keeps getting larger and larger.

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Page 25

Chapter 24: Wave Optics

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Q1) A soap bubble,when illuminated at normal incidence with light of 463 nm,appears to be especially reflective.If the index of refraction of the film is 1.35,what is the minimum thickness the soap film can be if it is surrounded by air?

Q2) Monochromatic light of wavelength 500 nm is incident normally on a grating.If the third-order maximum of the diffraction pattern is observed at 32.0°,what is the total number of maxima can be seen?

A)5

B)7

C)10

D)11

E)8

Q3) Coherent light of wavelength 575 nm falls on a double-slit and the third-order bright fringe is seen at an angle of 6.5° away from the centerline.How far apart are the double slits?

A)5.0 m

B)10 m

C)15 m

D)20 m

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Chapter 25: Electromagnetic Waves

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Sample Questions

Q1) A sinusoidal electromagnetic wave is propagating in vacuum.At a given point and at a particular time the \(\vec { E }\) field is in the +x direction and the \(\vec { B }\) field is in the -y direction,and at that point the intensity of the wave is \(0.45 \mathrm {~W} / \mathrm { m } ^ { 2 }\) \(\left( c = 3.0 \times 10 ^ { 8 } \mathrm {~m} / \mathrm { s } , \right.\) \(\mu _ { 0 } = 4 \pi \times 10 ^ { - 7 } \mathrm {~T} \cdot \mathrm { m } / \mathrm { A } ,\) \(\left. \varepsilon _ { 0 } = 8.85 \times 10 ^ { - 12 } \mathrm { C } ^ { 2 } / \mathrm { N } \cdot \mathrm { m } ^ { 2 } \right)\) (a)What is the direction of propagation of the wave?

(b)What is the \(\vec { E }\) field amplitude at the given point?

Q2) A cordless phone operates at 900 MHz.What is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave used by this phone? (c = 3.0 × 10⁸ m/s)

Q3) How far does light travel in 1.0 s? (c = 3.0 × 10⁸ m/s)

A)3.0 × 10¹⁴ m

B)0.30 km

C)3.0 m

D)30 cm

Q4) An FM radio station broadcasts at 96.7 MHz.What is the wavelength of the radio wave used for this broadcast? (c = 3.0 × 10⁸ m/s)

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Chapter 26: Special Relativity

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Sample Questions

Q1) A spaceship carrying a light clock moves at a speed of 0.960c relative to an observer on Earth.If the clock on the ship advances by 1.00 s as measured by the space travelers aboard the ship,how long did that advance take as measured by the observer on Earth?

A)0.96 s

B)1.2 s

C)2.6 s

D)3.6 s

E)5.8 s

Q2) One of Einstein's postulates in formulating the special theory of relativity was that the laws of physics are the same in reference frames that A)accelerate.

B)move at constant velocity with respect to an inertial frame.

C)oscillate.

D)are stationary, but not in moving frames.

Q3) How fast (in terms of the speed of light)should a moving clock travel if it is to be observed by a stationary observer as running at one-half its normal rate?

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Chapter 27: Quantum Optics

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Sample Questions

Q1) How much energy is carried by a photon of light having frequency 110 GHz? (h = 6.626 × 10^-34 J s)

A)1.1 × 10^-20 J

B)1.4 × 10^-22 J

C)7.3 × 10^-23 J

D)1.3 × 10^-25 J

Q2) If the surface of our bodies is at 37°C,at what wavelength does the radiation that we emit peak if we behave like a blackbody? The constant in Wien's law is 0.0029 m K.

Q3) A metal has a work function of 4.50 eV.Find the maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons if light of wavelength 250 nm shines on the metal.(1 eV = 1.60 × 10^-19 J,c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s,h = 6.626 × 10^-34 J s)

A)0.00 eV

B)0.37 eV

C)0.47 eV

D)0.53 eV

Q4) At what rate are photons emitted by a 50.0-W sodium vapor lamp if it is producing monochromatic light of wavelength 589 nm? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s,h = 6.626 × 10^-34 J s)

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Page 29

Chapter 28: Atomic Physics

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Sample Questions

Q1) Light shines through atomic hydrogen gas that was initially in its ground state.You observe that after awhile much of the hydrogen gas has been excited to its n = 5 state.What wavelength of light entering the gas caused this excitation? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s,h = 6.626 × 10^-34 J s,1 eV = 1.60 × 10^-19J)

A)110 nm

B)91.4 nm

C)95.2 nm

D)2280 nm

Q2) Given that the binding energy of the hydrogen atom in its ground state is -13.6 eV,what is the energy when it is in the n = 5 state?

A)2.72 eV

B)-2.72 eV

C)0.544 eV

D)-0.544 eV

Q3) In making a transition from state n = 1 to state n = 2,the hydrogen atom must

A)absorb a photon of energy 10.2 eV.

B)emit a photon of energy 10.2 eV.

C)absorb a photon of energy 13.58 eV.

D)emit a photon of energy 13.58 eV.

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Page 30

Chapter 29: Nuclear Physics

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Sample Questions

Q1) The unstable isotope ²³⁴Th decays by emission with a half-life of 24.5 days.If the initial decay rate of the sample is 6.2 × \(10^{17}\) Bq,what is the decay rate after 37 days?

Q2) A beryllium-8 nucleus at rest undergoes double alpha decay as follows: \({}^{8}_{4}\) Be \({}^{4}_{2}\) He + \({}^{4}_{2}\) He The known atomic masses are: \({}^{4}_{2}\) He: 4.002603 u \({}^{8}_{4}\) Be: 8.005305 u

What is the kinetic energy of each departing alpha particle? (1 u = 931.5 MeV/c²)

A)46 keV

B)65 keV

C)92 keV

D)130 keV

E)180 keV

Q3) What happens to the half-life of a radioactive substance as it decays?

A)It remains constant.

B)It increases.

C)It decreases at a constant rate.

D)It decreases at an exponential rate.

Q4) How many protons,neutrons,and nucleons are there in a carbon-14 nucleus?

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Chapter 30: Particle Physics

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Sample Questions

Q1) What combination of quarks produces a neutron and what are the electric charges on these quarks,expressed in terms of e?

Q2) Inside the nucleus,the strongest of the four fundamental forces is

A)the weak nuclear force.

B)the electromagnetic force.

C)the gravitational force.

D)the strong nuclear force.

Q3) Which of the following particles (or groups of particles)are made up of quarks?

A)protons, neutrons, and electrons

B)electrons and neutrinos

C)photons

D)protons and neutrons

E)All particles except for photons are made up of quarks.

Q4) What combination of quarks produces a proton and what are the electric charges on these quarks,expressed in terms of e?

Q5) Inside the nucleus,the weakest of the four fundamental forces is

A)the weak nuclear force.

B)the electromagnetic force.

C)the gravitational force.

D)the strong nuclear force.

Page 32

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