Pre-Nursing Anatomy and Physiology
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
Pre-Nursing Anatomy and Physiology provides foundational knowledge of the structure and function of the human body, specifically tailored for students preparing for entry into nursing programs. The course covers essential topics such as the organization of the body, major organ systems, tissues, and cellular processes, emphasizing the physiological mechanisms that maintain homeostasis. Students will learn anatomical terminology, explore the relationships between body systems, and gain a clear understanding of how normal physiology underpins health and informs clinical care. This course is designed to build the critical thinking and scientific literacy needed for success in more advanced nursing and healthcare studies.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology 6th Edition by Valerie C. Scanlon
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5039 Verified Questions
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Page 2
Chapter 2:Organization and General Plan of
11 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of body areas (Select all that apply)?
A)The femoral area is both dorsal and ventral.
B)The iliac area is medial to the umbilical area.
C)The most distal area of the lower limb is the femoral area.
D)The deltoid area is superior to the sacral area.
E)The axillary area is to the upper limb as the inguinal area is to the lower limb.
F)The hepatic area is superficial to the cutaneous area.
Answer: A,D,E
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of anatomy and physiology (Select all that apply)?
A)Anatomy is the study only of structures visible to the unaided eye.
B)Physiology is usually not directly related to anatomy,and must be studied separately.
C)A structure that is thick and firm probably has a supportive function.
D)The size of an organ is part of its physiology.
E)An organ's location in the body is part of its anatomy.
F)Physiology is the study of the functions of all of the parts of the body.
Answer: C,E,F
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Page 3
Chapter 2:Organization and General Plan of the Body-Part
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Sample Questions
Q1) A tissue that contracts to move part of the body is a __________________ tissue.
Answer: muscle
Q2) A group of tissues that work together is called a(n)________________________.
Answer: organ
Q3) The abdominal cavity is part of the larger ________________ cavity. Answer: ventral
Q4) To maintain homeostasis,the body must constantly respond to ______________________. Answer: changes
Q5) The visceral pleura covers the ______________________. Answer: lungs
Q6) The spinal cord is located in the _____________________ cavity. Answer: spinal vertebral
Q7) Superior to the abdominal cavity is the muscle called the _________________. Answer: diaphragm
Q8) Red bone marrow produces blood cells,which is part of its ________________________. Page 4
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Page 5
Chapter 2:Organization and General Plan of the Body-Part
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Sample Questions
Q1) The lower left abdominal quadrant contains the:
A)large intestine
B)small intestine
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and the spleen
Answer: C
Q2) The organ system that regulates body functions by means of electrochemical impulses is the ___ system.
A)nervous
B)skeletal
C)circulatory
D)reproductive
Answer: A
Q3) The urinary system:
A)regulates blood volume
B)removes waste products from the blood
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and regulates the pH of the blood
Answer: D
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Chapter 3:Some Basic Chemistry-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of trace elements (Select all that apply)?
A)Iron is part of the hemoglobin in RBCs.
B)Vitamin B12 contains the mineral copper.
C)The transmission of nerve impulses depends on sodium and potassium.
D)Cobalt is needed for the hormone thyroxine.
E)Phosphorus is part of DNA and RNA.
F)The mineral necessary for blood clotting is iodine.
G)The mineral that helps store oxygen in muscle cells is magnesium.
H)Sulfur is part of some proteins.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the active site theory of enzyme functioning (Select all that apply)?
A)The shape of the enzyme is important.
B)The shape of the substrate is important.
C)The shape of the active site may be altered by changes in pH.
D)The active site portion of the enzyme is not affected by temperature changes.
E)The active site is a specific sequence of amino acids.
F)Most enzymes are proteins,but a few are lipids.
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Page 7
Chapter 3:Some Basic Chemistry-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The subunits of DNA and RNA are called _____________________________.
Q2) A solution with a pH of 2 is _________________,and has many _________________ ions.
Q3) The lipids that form the largest part of cell membranes are the _________________________.
Q4) The bonds between hydrogen and oxygen in a water molecule are ________________ bonds.
Q5) When atoms gain or lose electrons,a(n)__________________ bond is formed.
Q6) The name for the water within cells is _________________________.
Q7) A bond in which electrons are shared between two atoms is a(n)__________________ bond.
Q8) All enzymes are made of the organic molecule ______________________.
Q9) An anion is an ion with a __________________ charge.
Q10) A base has more ____________________ ions than does a neutral solution.
Q11) The energy storage molecule in the liver is ________________________.
Q13) A synonym for ionization (such as NaCl in water)is Page 8
Q12) Excess glucose is stored as ______________________ in the
Q14) The mineral necessary for blood clotting is ___________________________.
Q15) Glycogen is the storage form for excess __________________________.
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Chapter 3:Some Basic Chemistry-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) For sodium,sulfur,zinc,and chlorine,the correct chemical symbols,in order,are:
A)S,Su,Z,Cl
B)Na,S,Zn,Cl
C)No,Su,Z,C
D)Na,S,Z,Cl
Q2) The element that is part of some amino acids and forms bonds in proteins is:
A)sulfur
B)calcium
C)copper
D)potassium
Q3) The term dissociation refers to:
A)ionic bonds
B)the breaking of bonds in a water solution
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and covalent bonds
Q4) Which organic molecule is NOT part of cell membranes?
A)glucose
B)protein
C)phospholipid
D)cholesterol
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Chapter 4:Cells-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of cellular transport mechanisms (Select all that apply)?
A)In the body,oxygen is exchanged for CO2 by the process of diffusion.
B)Filtration is the first step in the formation of urine by the kidneys.
C)Osmosis is the process by which the small intestine absorbs water.
D)Some white blood cells carry out phagocytosis.
E)Many body cells take in glucose by facilitated diffusion.
F)Active transport is necessary for the sodium pumps of neurons.
G)In pinocytosis,cells pinch off pieces of their cytoplasm to secrete small molecules.
H)Filtration is important for the formation of blood plasma in capillaries.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of human chromosomes (Select all that apply)?
A)Human chromosomes are made of DNA,protein,and glucose.
B)The total DNA in a cell is called the genome.
C)The genetic code of DNA is the arrangement of the bases in each chromosome.
D)In the DNA double helix,the base adenine is always paired with guanine.
E)Hydrogen bonds help maintain the shape of the DNA in the chromosomes.f.When a cell is not dividing,the chromosomes may be seen lined up at the edge of the nucleus.
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Chapter 4:Cells-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The cell organelle that is a series of tunnels for transport within a cell is the
Q2) The cell organelles that destroy damaged or misfolded proteins are the ___________________ .
Q3) Moving cells engulf particles by the process of _________________________.
Q4) In mitosis,the chromosomes become visible during _____________________.
Q5) The cell organelles that contain digestive enzymes are the _________________________.
Q6) In mitosis,the spindle fibers contract and pull the sets of chromosomes during
Q7) Cells that have the potential to become several different kinds of cells are called _____________________.
Q8) In the process of protein synthesis,the original genetic code is copied by a molecule called ____________________.
Q9) In mitosis,the pairs of chromatids line up on the equator of the cell during
Q10) In mitosis,the two sets of chromosomes are separated during
Q11) Most cells take in glucose by the process of _____________________________. Page 12
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Chapter 4:Cells-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) Meiosis takes place in the:
A)ovaries or testes
B)red bone marrow
C)outer layer of skin
D)throughout the body in all cells capable of dividing
Q2) The process of osmosis is important to:
A)bring oxygen to cells
B)permit the lungs to excrete water
C)form tissue fluid
D)permit the kidneys to reabsorb water
Q3) The process of meiosis produces ___ cells,each with the ___ number of chromosomes.
A)2/diploid
B)2/haploid
C)4/diploid
D)4/haploid
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Chapter 5:Tissues and Membranes-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of connective tissue membranes (Select all that apply)?
A)The fibrous pericardium is also called the epicardium.
B)The perichondrium has the only blood vessels found in cartilage.
C)The periosteum anchors tendons.
D)The membranes around the spinal cord are called meninges.
E)Synovial membranes prevent friction as the lungs inflate and deflate.
F)Collagen is stronger than elastin,but not as stretchy.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of bone,cartilage,and fibrous connective tissue (Select all that apply)?
A)Bone tissue is hard,strong,and flexible.
B)Cartilage provides cushioning between vertebrae.
C)Fibrous connective tissue forms tendons,which connect bone to bone.
D)Bone tissue is an important storage site for excess calcium.
E)Cartilage supports the inner ear and upper jaw.
F)Fibrous connective tissue is made primarily of the protein collagen.
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Chapter 5:Tissues and Membranes-Part B
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Q1) The most important physical characteristic of elastin is that it is
Q2) The type of muscle tissue that MUST receive nerve impulses to contract is ___________________________.
Q3) The protein hemoglobin is found in _____________________ cells,and contains the mineral ________________________.
Q4) The transporting fluid of blood is called ___________________.
Q5) The space between two nerve cells is a(n)____________________,where the nerve impulse is carried by a(n)___________________________.
Q6) The heart is made of _______________________,which ______________________.
Q7) Red blood cells are able to carry ______________________ because they contain the protein ___________________________.
Q8) The connective tissue membrane that covers a muscle is a(n)_____________________.
Q9) The general function of serous fluid in all its locations is to _________________________.
16
Q10) The type of muscle tissue that constricts the pupil of the eye is ____________________.
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Chapter 5:Tissues and Membranes-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The neurotransmitters of a neuron enable a nerve impulse to:
A)leave the cell body
B)speed up along the axon
C)slow down along the axon
D)cross a synapse
Q2) The function of Schwann cells is to form the ___ of peripheral neurons.
A)synapse
B)myelin sheath
C)neurotransmitters
D)axons
Q3) Hormones are produced by glands called:
A)exocrine glands
B)endocrine glands
C)goblet glands
D)none of these
Q4) The type of muscle that is also called visceral is:
A)skeletal muscle
B)smooth muscle
C)striated muscle
D)cardiac muscle
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Chapter 6:The Integumentary System-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the epidermis (Select all that apply)?
A)The entire epidermis is made of dead cells and is a very good barrier to pathogens.
B)Langerhans cells produce antibodies to foreign material.
C)Mitosis takes place in the stratum germinativum,the outermost layer.
D)Merkel cells are receptors for the sensation of pain
E)Most of the epidermal cells are keratinocytes.
F)The stratum corneum is made of keratin and collagen.
G)Keratin is resistant to chemicals such as acids.
H)Flaking of cells from the skin surface helps remove bacteria.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of vitamin D (Select all that apply)?
A)The stimulus for cutaneous production of vitamin D is the ultraviolet rays of the sun.
B)Cutaneous vitamin D is made from phospholipids stored in the skin.
C)Vitamin D promotes the absorption of calcium by the liver.
D)Vitamin D contributes to efficient immune responses.
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Chapter 6:The Integumentary System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The cells of the epidermis that phagocytize pathogens are the _________________________.
Q2) The process of mitosis in the ___________________________ produces new cells for the epidermis.
Q3) The subcutaneous tissue layer is also called the ______________________________.
Q4) The living part of a hair is the _________________,where the process of ____________ takes place.
Q5) The cells in the epidermis that carry ingested pathogens to lymph nodes are the _____________________________.
Q6) Melanocytes produce the protein __________________ when stimulated by _______________________.
Q7) The purpose of sweating is to increase the loss of _____________________,but it has the disadvantage of leading to __________________________.
Q8) The glands that secrete cerumen are called _________________________.
Q9) Vasodilation in the dermis is important to _____________________ heat in a(n)_______________ environment.
Q11) A nail grows by the process of ________________ in the Page 19
Q10) The new cells of the epidermis produce the protein _______________________.
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Page 20
Chapter 6:The Integumentary System-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following are made of keratin except the:
A)pigment of the skin
B)fingernails and toenails
C)stratum corneum
D)hair shafts
Q2) Defensive cells in the integumentary system include subcutaneous WBCs and:
A)Langerhans cells in the epidermis
B)adipocytes in the dermis
C)melanocytes in the epidermis
D)keratinocytes in the dermis
Q3) Superficial fascia is another name for the:
A)integumentary system
B)epidermis
C)dermis
D)subcutaneous tissue
Q4) Blood flow through the dermis of the skin is:
A)increased by vasodilation in hot weather
B)decreased by vasodilation in cold weather
C)increased by vasoconstriction in cold weather
D)decreased by vasoconstriction in hot weather
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Chapter 7:The Skeletal System-Part A
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Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the embryonic growth of long bones (Select all that apply)?
A)Long bones are first made of cartilage.
B)The first center of ossification in a long bone is in the distal epiphysis.
C)Bone matrix formation proceeds from the distal end of the bone to the proximal end,and is completed at birth.
D)An epiphyseal disc is on the articular surface of a long bone.
E)On the diaphysis side of an epiphyseal disc,cartilage replaces bone.
F)When a bone stops growing,all of the cartilage in an epiphyseal disc has been replaced by bone.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the embryonic and infant skull (Select all that apply)?
A)The cranial bones are first made of cartilage.
B)The first site of bone matrix production is called a center of ossification.
C)The cranial bones form sutures just before birth.
D)Bone matrix is produced by osteoclasts.
E)Fontanels are made of fibrous connective tissue,and they permit the compression of the skull during birth.
F)All the fontanels become completely ossified within 2 months after birth.
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Chapter 7:The Skeletal System-Part B
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Q1) The hormone that contributes to bone growth by increasing the rate of mitosis is _____________________________.
Q2) The occipital and parietal bones all function to ________________________________________.
Q3) The paranasal sinuses are lined with ___________________ epithelium.
Q4) The human spine has two sets of fused vertebrae; these are the _______________ and the __________________.
Q5) In a synovial joint,the joint capsule is lined with the ___________________________,which produces __________________________.
Q6) The atlas and the axis form a(n)_______________________ joint.
Q7) Long bones stop growing when all of their __________________________ has been replaced by _____________________________.
Q8) The bone that protects the receptors for hearing is the ___________________________.
Q9) On the epiphysis side of an epiphyseal disc,the process taking place is the ________________________________________________.
Page 23
Q10) The vertebrae in the neck are called __________________ vertebrae,and there are ________ of them.
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Chapter 7:The Skeletal System-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The structures that connect bone to bone are:
A)tendons
B)periosteum
C)ligaments
D)bursae
Q2) Which statement is NOT true of PTH and calcitonin?
A)Calcitonin contributes to the maintenance of a strong bone matrix.
B)PTH increases the reabsorption of calcium from bones.
C)PTH increases the absorption of calcium by the small intestine.
D)Calcitonin is secreted by the pituitary gland.
Q3) The hormones that contribute to bone growth by increasing the production of energy are:
A)insulin and thyroxine
B)thyroxine and calcitonin
C)calcitonin and GH
D)GH and PTH
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Chapter 8:The Muscular System-Part A
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Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the sliding filament mechanism (Select all that apply)?
A)The calcium ions released from the sarcolemma bond to troponin.
B)The sarcoplasmic reticulum inhibits contraction until a nerve impulse arrives.
C)With calcium ions,troponin shifts tropomyosin away from actin.
D)Myosin filaments pull actin filaments toward the center of the sarcomere.
E)Myosin releases the energy from ATP.
F)When a muscle fiber contracts,all of its sarcomeres contract.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of cell respiration (Select all that apply)?
A)The molecules that enter the reaction are glucose and water.
B)The purpose is to produce energy for cellular work.
C)An energy by-product is heat.
D)The waste product is carbon dioxide.
E)Oxygen is produced except during very strenuous contraction.
F)As the rate of cell respiration increases,the rate of breathing will decrease to conserve energy.
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Chapter 8:The Muscular System-Part B
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Q1) In muscles,oxygen is stored by _________________________.
Q2) The state of slight contraction present in healthy muscles is called _____________________,and depends on _________________________.
Q3) Exercise that involves contraction with movement is called _____________________.
Q4) In the sliding filament mechanism,the inhibiting proteins are ___________________ and _________________________.
Q5) In cell respiration,the waste product produced is ___________________.
Q6) An antagonist to the gastrocnemius is the __________________________.
Q7) During depolarization of a muscle fiber,_________________ ions rush ____________ the cell.
Q8) Depolarization of a muscle fiber is stimulated by __________________ that allows the entry of ____________________ ions.
Q9) Muscles that move the forearm must cross the _____________________ joint.
Q10) In the neuromuscular junction,the _________________________ is the membrane of the muscle fiber.
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Q11) In the sliding filament mechanism,the inhibiting proteins are shifted out of the way by ______________________.
Chapter 8:The Muscular System-Part C
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Q1) Which statement is NOT true of antagonistic muscles?
A)They have opposite functions.
B)They push bones in opposite directions.
C)For useful movements,one contracts and the other relaxes.
D)They are on opposite sides of a joint.
Q2) The part of the brain that initiates muscle contraction is the:
A)cerebrum: frontal lobes
B)cerebellum
C)cerebrum: parietal lobes
D)cerebrum: occipital lobes
Q3) Which muscle is NOT paired with an antagonist?
A)external intercostals and internal intercostals
B)semispinalis capitis and sternocleidomastoid
C)triceps brachii and biceps brachii
D)deltoid and brachioradialis
Q4) When a muscle fiber contracts,the energy from ATP is released by:
A)acetylcholine
B)actin
C)troponin
D)myosin
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Chapter 9:The Nervous System-Part A
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Q1) The cranial nerve pair that is motor to shoulder muscles is the
Q2) Nerve impulses cross synapses by means of _______________________________.
Q3) The neuroglia that help form the blood-brain barrier are the ________________________.
Q4) The _________________________ division of the autonomic nervous system has its ganglia near or in the visceral effectors.
Q5) Interneurons carry impulses within the ________________.
Q6) The part of a reflex arc that carries impulses away from the CNS is the ________________.
Q7) The _______________________ form the myelin sheath of peripheral neurons.
Q8) The part of the brain that regulates eating or not eating is the ______________________.
Q9) A group of neurons with shared functions in the CNS is called a(n)___________________.
Q10) The ___________________ lobe of the cerebrum initiates voluntary movement.
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Q11) The cranial nerve pair that is sensory for hearing is the
Q12) The tissue fluid of the brain is _______________________________.
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Chapter 9:The Nervous System-Part B
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Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the meninges (Select all that apply)?
A)The pia mater directly lines the brain.
B)The dura mater is made of elastic connective tissue.
C)The arachnoid membrane is made of dense fibrous connective tissue.
D)The subarachnoid space is between the arachnoid membrane and the dura mater.
E)The meninges contain cerebrospinal fluid and provide a cushion for the brain.
F)The meninges line both the brain and spinal cord.
G)The meningeal sac that hangs below the spinal cord is the site of a lumbar puncture.
H)The cranial dura mater has two layers and the spinal dura mater has three layers.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of a reflex arc (Select all that apply)?
A)Interneurons may be present in the CNS.
B)A sensory neuron carries impulses to the CNS.
C)The stimulus for the reflex is detected by a receptor.
D)Synapses in the reflex arc are in the dorsal root ganglia.
E)The effector of the reflex is often muscle tissue.
F)The effector is activated by impulses from a motor neuron.
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Chapter 9:The Nervous System-Part C
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Q1) Which body response is NOT paired with the correct division of the autonomic nervous system?
A)internal anal sphincter relaxes - parasympathetic
B)internal urethral sphincter relaxes - parasympathetic
C)sweat glands increase secretion - parasympathetic
D)vasoconstriction in viscera - sympathetic
Q2) The part of the brain that integrates sensory impulses before relaying them to the cerebral cortex is the:
A)thalamus
B)hypothalamus
C)pons
D)medulla
Q3) A neuron in a state of polarization has:
A)a positive charge outside and a negative charge inside
B)a negative charge outside and a positive charge inside
C)a positive charge outside and inside
D)a negative charge outside and inside
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Chapter 10:The Senses-Part A
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Q1) Which of the following statements are true of sensory pathways (Select all that apply)?
A)Sensory neurons carry impulses from receptors to the CNS.
B)Sensory tracts include peripheral nerves such as the femoral nerve.
C)Sensory receptors are different in that each type detects a specific type of change.
D)Sensory receptors are similar in that they all interpret impulses the same way.
E)Most of the sensory areas are in the cerebral cortex.
F)The cranial nerves involved in sensations are part of sensory tracts.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the cutaneous senses (Select all that apply)?
A)Most of the receptors are in the epidermis.
B)The receptors for pain,touch,and temperature are encapsulated nerve endings.
C)The sensitivity of an area of skin depends on how close the receptors are to the surface.
D)Irritating substances in the skin can trigger itch or pain sensations.
E)Adaptation occurs with the senses of touch and pressure.
F)Contrast is an important aspect of cutaneous temperature sense.
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Chapter 10:The Senses-Part B
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Q1) The receptors for smell and taste have the general name
Q2) The receptors for muscle sense are called
Q3) The receptors that detect motion are located in the ______________________ of the inner ear.
Q4) Being aware of a sensation even after the stimulus has stopped is called a(n)________________________.
Q5) Dilation of the pupils is brought about by _____________________ nerve impulses.
Q6) The cutaneous receptors for pain,itch,heat,and cold are ______________________ endings.
Q7) The chemoreceptors for the sense of taste detect chemicals dissolved in ______________.
Q8) The size of the pupil of the eye is regulated by the _____________________.
Q9) The part of the eye that helps keep the retina in place is the
Q10) The cranial nerve pair for the sense of smell is the ___________________________.
Q11) Information from arterial pressoreceptors and chemoreceptors may be used by the
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Chapter 10:The Senses-Part C
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118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these cranial nerve pairs is NOT involved in movement of the eyeball?
A)optic
B)abducens
C)oculomotor
D)trochlear
Q2) The auditory bones,in the order in which they vibrate,are the:
A)stapes,malleus,incus
B)malleus,incus,stapes
C)incus,malleus,stapes
D)malleus,stapes,incus
Q3) The sensory areas for cutaneous sensations are located in the ___ of the brain.
A)frontal lobes
B)parietal lobes
C)temporal lobes
D)occipital lobes
Q4) The lobes of the cerebrum that contain the visual areas are the:
A)frontal
B)parietal
C)temporal
D)occipital
35
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Chapter 11:The Endocrine System-Part A
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13 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the stimuli for secretion of hormones (Select all that apply)?
A)Hypercalcemia stimulates secretion of calcitonin.
B)Hypoglycemia stimulates secretion of glucagon.
C)Parasympathetic impulses stimulate secretion of norepinephrine.
D)Severe hemorrhage is a stimulus for secretion of ADH.
E)Secretion of growth hormone is stimulated by GHRH from the posterior pituitary gland.
F)Secretion of FSH stimulates secretion of Lh.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of aldosterone (Select all that apply)?
A)It is secreted by the adrenal cortex.
B)It increases the reabsorption of K+ ions by the kidneys.
C)It increases the excretion of Na+ ions by the kidneys.
D)Normal secretion helps maintain normal blood volume because water is reabsorbed by the kidneys.
E)In the absence of aldosterone,blood pressure will rise to dangerous levels.
F)Normal secretion helps prevent blood pH from rising too high.
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Chapter 11:The Endocrine System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cortisol is secreted by the adrenal ____________________,which is the _______________ portion of this gland.
Q2) The direct stimulus for secretion of calcitonin is _________________________.
Q3) In a negative feedback mechanism,when the effect of a hormone increases,the secretion of the hormone ______________________.
Q4) An important function of thyroxine is that it increases the synthesis of __________________.
Q5) Secretion of cortisol is stimulated by _________________ from the ______________________ gland.
Q6) Some prostaglandins are necessary for the ___________________ of blood.
Q7) Insulin enables cells to take in amino acids and use them for ________________________.
Q8) The direct stimulus for secretion of PTH is _____________________________.
Q9) The direct stimulus for secretion of aldosterone is
Q10) The hormone that decreases the blood calcium level is
Q11) The hormone that initiates the development of egg cells in the ovary is _______________,which is produced by the _________________________ gland. Page 37
The hormone that dilates the bronchioles is __________________________.
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Chapter 11:The Endocrine System-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The hormone that initiates development of egg cells in the ovaries is:
A)LH
B)FSH
C)ACTH
D)GH
Q2) In the two-messenger mechanism of the action of protein hormones,the first messenger is the ___,which must bond to a ___ on the cell membrane.
A)receptor/cyclic AMP
B)hormone/receptor
C)receptor/hormone
D)hormone/cyclic AMP
Q3) Which hormone is paired with its correct stimulus for secretion?
A)epinephrine - sympathetic impulses
B)aldosterone - high blood sodium level
C)testosterone - FSH
D)ADH - increased water in the body
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Chapter 12:Blood-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of blood disorders (Select all that apply)?
A)Thrombocytopenia is a deficiency of platelets,and may lead to bleeding episodes.
B)Leukemia is an excess of WBCs,but the WBCs are not functional.
C)Anemia is a deficiency of RBCs or of hemoglobin.
D)A deficiency of WBCs is leukocytosis.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of blood viscosity and pH (Select all that apply)?
A)Plasma proteins decrease blood viscosity,so that blood flows smoothly.
B)The normal pH range of blood is 7.35 to 7.45.
C)Blood viscosity contributes to normal blood pressure.
D)Oxygen has a greater effect on blood pH than does carbon dioxide.
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Chapter 12:Blood-Part B
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Q1) The stimulus for the secretion of erythropoietin is ___________________,and its function is to _______________________.
Q2) The most numerous WBCs are the ________________________,and the second most numerous are the __________________________.
Q3) The ABO blood types are named for the _________________________ that are found on a person's _______________________.
Q4) The term for a low RBC count is _____________________.
Q5) Blood plasma is able to transport waste products because water is a(n)_____________________.
Q6) Clotting factors such as fibrinogen are synthesized by the ________________________.
Q7) In the process of chemical clotting,the result of the first stage is __________________________________.
Q8) The term _________________________ means prevention of blood loss.
Q9) Blood plasma makes up approximately __________% to __________% of the total blood.
Q10) Carbon dioxide is carried in the blood in the form of ______________________ in the _________________________.
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Chapter 12:Blood-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of the WBCs,the basophils ___ and the neutrophils ___.
A)produce heparin/phagocytize pathogens
B)produce antibodies/detoxify foreign proteins
C)phagocytize pathogens/produce antibodies
D)produce antibodies/produce histamine
Q2) The kind of WBC that is important in allergies and parasitic infections is the:
A)neutrophil
B)eosinophil
C)lymphocyte
D)monocyte
Q3) A hemocytoblast is another name for a:
A)stem cell
B)red blood cell with a nucleus
C)cell that fragments into platelets
D)white blood cell
Q4) The mineral in hemoglobin that bonds to oxygen is:
A)sodium
B)copper
C)iron
D)calcium
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Chapter 13:The Heart-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the cardiac cycle (Select all that apply)?
A)The cardiac cycle is all of the events that take place in the heart in 1 minute.
B)Atrial systole is accompanied by ventricular diastole and is followed by ventricular systole.
C)Systole is the contraction phase,and diastole is the relaxation phase.
D)Most of the blood that moves from the atria to the ventricles is pumped.
E)About a third of the blood that moves from the ventricles to the arteries flows passively.
F)The AV valves are closed by the contraction of the ventricles.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the reflex arc for heart rate and blood pressure (Select all that apply)?
A)A drop in blood pressure is the stimulus to increase heart rate.
B)The receptors for this reflex are pressoreceptors located in the femoral artery.
C)The CNS center for this reflex is in the spinal cord.
D)The effector of this reflex is the myocardium.
Q3)
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Chapter 13:The Heart-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The first branches of the ascending aorta are the ______________________ arteries,which take blood to the ____________________.
Q2) During the cardiac cycle,when the ventricles are in systole,the atria are in _______________________.
Q3) The left ventricle pumps blood into the ___________________,and the right ventricle pumps blood into the ___________________________.
Q4) In the cardiac cycle,some passive blood flow occurs from the _________________ to the _______________________.
Q5) A sudden drop in blood pressure will stimulate the cardiac ___________________ center in the ________________________ of the brain.
Q6) The lining of the chambers of the heart is the ____________________________.
Q7) The cardiac cycle is the sequence of events in _____________________________.
Q8) During exercise,if pulse is 140 and the stroke volume is 110 mL,the cardiac output is ________________.
Q10) The part of the heart that initiates each beat is the Page 44
Q9) The heart is a double pump: The right side of the heart receives blood from the _____________ and pumps it to the ______________.
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Chapter 13:The Heart-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) Resting cardiac output is 5440 mL.What are the pulse and stroke volume?
A)70 bpm and 70 mL
B)74 bpm and 66 mL
C)76 bpm and 75 mL
D)80 bpm and 68 mL
Q2) The valve that prevents backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium is the:
A)mitral valve
B)aortic semilunar valve
C)tricuspid valve
D)pulmonary semilunar valve
Q3) The lungs are ___ to the heart,and the diaphragm is ___ to the heart.
A)medial/superior
B)lateral/superior
C)medial/inferior
D)lateral/inferior
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Chapter 14:The Vascular System-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of capillaries (Select all that apply)?
A)Their walls are made of simple squamous epithelium.
B)Blood plasma in capillaries becomes tissue fluid by the process of filtration.
C)The process of osmosis returns some tissue fluid to the blood at the venous end of capillaries.
D)The process of filtration brings dissolved nutrients to tissues.
E)The colloid osmotic pressure of blood is created by plasma proteins such as albumin.
F)The flow of blood into a capillary network is regulated by a precapillary sphincter.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the locations of arteries and veins (Select all that apply)?
A)The femoral artery and vein are in the thigh.
B)The common iliac veins empty into the superior vena cava.
C)The celiac artery branches into the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries.
D)The right and left common carotid arteries are branches of the ascending aorta.
E)The jugular veins drain blood from the shoulders and arms.
F)The renal arteries are branches of the thoracic aorta.
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Chapter 14:The Vascular System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) In fetal circulation,the umbilical vein carries blood from the ___________________ to the ________________________.
Q2) In capillaries,nutrients are brought out into tissues by the process of ___________________.
Q3) Veins are able to constrict because of the _________________________ tissue in their walls.
Q4) If venous return decreases,the heart contracts ______________ forcefully and cardiac output ________________________.
Q5) In fetal circulation,the _______________________ permits blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium.
Q6) Capillaries are made of _______________________ tissue,and its important characteristic is its ____________________________.
Q7) In veins,backflow of blood is prevented by __________________.
Q8) In capillaries,tissue fluid is brought back into the blood by the process of _______________.
Q9) One purpose of portal circulation is to enable the liver to receive glucose absorbed by the _________________________ and store the excess as
Page 48
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Chapter 14:The Vascular System-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The tissues of the wall of an artery or vein,in order from innermost to outermost,are:
A)smooth muscle,simple squamous epithelium,elastic connective tissue
B)simple squamous epithelium,smooth muscle,fibrous connective tissue
C)fibrous connective tissue,smooth muscle,simple squamous epithelium
D)smooth muscle,fibrous connective tissue,elastic connective tissue
Q2) Which of these is NOT an example of the purpose of hepatic portal circulation?
A)regulation of blood glucose level
B)removal of bilirubin from the blood for excretion
C)regulation of blood pressure
D)removal of iron from the blood for storage
Q3) When blood flow through the kidneys decreases:
A)filtration decreases and water is conserved to maintain BP
B)filtration decreases and water is eliminated to raise BP
C)filtration increases and water is conserved to maintain BP
D)filtration increases and water is eliminated to raise BP
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of antibodies (Select all that apply)?
A)Antibodies destroy antigens by penetrating their cell membranes.
B)The only class of antibodies that can cross the placenta is IgM.
C)The IgA class of antibodies is found on mucous membranes and in breast milk.
D)Antibodies render toxins harmless because they change the shape of the toxins.
E)Antibodies label foreign antigens,and such a label stimulates phagocytosis by macrophages.
F)Antibodies are effective against viruses because they disable the nucleic acid of the virus.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of vaccines (Select all that apply)?
A)Vaccines contain antigens to stimulate antibody production.
B)A vaccine antigen may be a pathogen that has been killed or attenuated.
C)A vaccine antigen may be part of a pathogen or a toxoid.
D)The purpose of a vaccine is to take the place of a first exposure to a pathogen.
E)A vaccine stimulates the creation of memory cells (T or B or both)to a specific antigen.
F)On a second exposure to a pathogen,antibody production has a lag period,then IgG production follows IgA production.
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Chapter 15:The Lymphatic System and Immunity-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the embryo,B cells are produced in the _____________________________.
Q2) In the embryo,T cells are produced in the _______________________ and ______________.
Q3) The component of immunity that may become more efficient with repeated exposures is _____________________ immunity.
Q4) Lymph nodes and nodules contain macrophages to ____________________________,and plasma cells that produce ____________________________.
Q5) In adaptive immunity,the _____________________ T cells contribute to the recognition of an antigen as foreign.
Q6) In innate immunity,the chemical that inhibits the reproduction of viruses within cells is _____________________________.
Q7) A vaccine may contain a(n)______________________ or a(n)_______________________ as an antigen.
Q8) In adaptive immunity,the _____________________ T cells chemically destroy foreign antigens.
Q9) In adaptive immunity,the labeling of a foreign antigen by antibodies is called _______________________.
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Q10) The thoracic duct empties lymph into the _______________________ vein.
Chapter 15:The Lymphatic System and Immunity-Part C
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121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these is the proper sequence of names for the formation and destination of lymph?
A)plasma - tissue fluid - lymph - plasma
B)tissue fluid - plasma - lymph - plasma
C)plasma - lymph - tissue fluid - plasma
D)tissue fluid - plasma - lymph - tissue fluid
Q2) In innate immunity,all of these cells are phagocytic except:
A)natural killer cells
B)neutrophils
C)macrophages
D)eosinophils
Q3) The lymph in the system of lymph vessels is returned to,or becomes part of: A)plasma
B)tissue fluid
C)intracellular fluid
D)cerebrospinal fluid
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Chapter 16:The Respiratory System-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the chemical regulation of respiration (Select all that apply)?
A)The strongest stimulus to increase breathing is a decrease in CO2 in the body fluids.
B)The carotid bodies and jugular body contain receptors that detect decreased oxygen.
C)Central chemoreceptors that are very sensitive to decreased CO2 are located in the cerebrum.
D)Severe hypoxia will stimulate an increase in breathing rate and depth.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of O<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> transport in the blood (Select all that apply)?
A)Most CO<sub>2</sub> is carried in the blood as bicarbonate ions.
B)Most oxygen is carried by the iron in blood plasma.
C)As the pH of tissues decreases,more oxygen is released from hemoglobin.
D)Increased CO<sub>2</sub> in the blood makes the blood pH more alkaline.
E)As the temperature of tissues increases,less oxygen is released from hemoglobin.
F)Too much CO<sub>2</sub> in the blood results in hypoxia.
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Chapter 16:The Respiratory System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ribs are pulled up and out by the _____________________________ muscles during ________________________________.
Q2) The strongest stimulus to increase the breathing rate is a higher level of ____________________ in the blood,because this makes the blood more _____________________.
Q3) The serous membrane that lines the chest cavity is the _____________________________.
Q4) The strongest stimulus to increase the breathing rate is a higher level of ____________________ in the blood,because this will ___________________ the pH of the blood.
Q5) During breathing,friction between the pleural membranes is reduced by ___________________.
Q6) The function of the apneustic center is to ________________________.
Q7) In internal respiration,the PO<sub>2</sub> in the blood is ____________,and the PO<sub>2</sub> in the tissues is _______________.
Q8) The trachea is lined with _________________________ epithelial tissue.
Q9) To compensate for a metabolic alkalosis,the respiratory rate will __________________ in order to ____________________ more carbon dioxide.
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Chapter 16:The Respiratory System-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The palatine tonsils are ___ tissue,and are found in the ___.
A)lymphatic/oropharynx
B)epithelial/nasopharynx
C)epithelial/oropharynx
D)lymphatic/nasopharynx
Q2) The ciliated epithelium of the nasal mucosa:
A)sweeps mucus and pathogens out of the nose
B)keeps the air moving toward the pharynx
C)sweeps mucus and pathogens toward the pharynx
D)prevents dust from entering the nose
Q3) Which minute respiratory volume is consistent with the potential for respiratory alkalosis?
A)4 L
B)5.5 L
C)6.5 L
D)8 L
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Chapter 17:The Digestive System-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the large intestine (Select all that apply)?
A)The appendix is a small,dead-end extension of the ascending colon.
B)An important function of the colon is the absorption of water.
C)The splenic flexure is the junction of the transverse colon and the descending colon.
D)The internal anal sphincter is smooth muscle that surrounds the anus.
E)The external anal sphincter is striated muscle that contracts to permit defecation.
F)The normal flora of the colon produce vitamins and inhibit the growth of pathogens.
G)The stimulus for the defecation reflex is contraction of the sigmoid colon.
H)The ileocecal valve prevents backup of feces into the small intestine.
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Chapter 17:The Digestive System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _______________________ salivary glands are located at the back corners of the lower jaw.
Q2) The function of amylase in saliva is to digest _______________ to _________________.
Q3) The changing of food to simpler molecules is ________________________ digestion,and these simpler molecules can be ____________________ by the small intestine.
Q4) The removal of the amine group from an amino acid is called _____________________,and this process makes excess amino acids available for
Q5) Excess amino acids will be deaminated by the liver and used for ________________________.
Q6) When blood glucose level is low,the liver changes its stored _______________ to _________________.
Q7) In the villi of the small intestine,fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed into the _________________ in combination with _________________________.
Q8) In the villi of the small intestine,water is absorbed by the process of ___________________ following the absorption of
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Chapter 17:The Digestive System-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The external muscle layer of the stomach has:
A)three layers,and sympathetic impulses decrease contractions
B)two layers,and sympathetic impulses increase contractions
C)three layers,and parasympathetic impulses decrease contractions
D)two layers,and parasympathetic impulses increase contractions
Q2) The Peyer's patches of the small intestine are:
A)bundles of smooth muscle where peristalsis is needed most
B)lymph nodules
C)the groups of epithelial cells that have microvilli
D)the parts of the mucosa with clusters of goblet cells
Q3) Backup of food from the stomach to the esophagus is prevented by the:
A)upper esophageal sphincter
B)lower esophageal sphincter
C)gastric sphincter
D)pyloric sphincter
Q4) Anterior to the spine and posterior to the trachea is the ___.
A)stomach
B)esophagus
C)pharynx
D)pancreas
Page 58
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Chapter 18:Body Temperature and Metabolism-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the calorie content of foods (Select all that apply)?
A)A gram of fat has 6 calories.
B)A gram of carbohydrate has 5 calories.
C)A gram of protein has 4 calories.
D)A snack with 5 grams of fat,15 grams of carbohydrate,and 2 grams of protein has 113 calories.
E)A snack with 3 grams of fat,20 grams of carbohydrate,and 4 grams of protein has 95 calories.
F)A snack with 20 grams of fat,10 grams of carbohydrate,and 10 grams of protein has 260 calories.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of heat production (Select all that apply)?
A)The skin is a large organ and produces 30% of the body's total heat.
B)The liver is a large organ and produces 20% of the body's total heat.
C)Heat production is a constant process because ATP production is a constant process.
D)Skeletal muscles produce heat only during exercise.
E)Heat is one of the energy products of cell respiration.
F)The brain is a large organ and produces about 20% of the body's total heat.
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Chapter 18:Body Temperature and Metabolism-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The unit of measure for the energy content of foods is the
Q2) A cheeseburger with "everything" consists of 50 grams of carbohydrates,70 grams of protein,and 70 grams of fat,which is _______________ total calories.
Q3) To be used in cell respiration,molecules of glycerol are changed to ______________________.
Q4) Vasoconstriction in the dermis will ______________________ the loss of heat.
Q5) In cell respiration,the molecules that enter the cytochrome transport system are ________________________ and _____________________.
Q6) The collective term for all of the reactions within the body is ________________________.
Q7) In cell respiration,metabolic water is made from the hydrogens that have come from ______________________ and the oxygen that has come from _______________________.
Q8) The summary reaction of cell respiration is: Glucose + __________ ® ATP +__________ + __________ + __________.
Q9) A meal consists of 40 grams of carbohydrates,20 grams of protein,and 10 grams of fat,which is ______________________ total calories.
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Chapter 18:Body Temperature and Metabolism-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) Vitamin A is necessary for the synthesis of:
A)bone matrix
B)rhodopsin in the retina
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and for synthesis of insulin
Q2) Vitamin A is necessary for the synthesis of:
A)insulin
B)thyroxine
C)collagen in the dermis
D)rhodopsin in the retina
Q3) The normal range of human body temperature in degrees Celsius (°C)is:
A)35 to 37
B)34 to 36
C)36 to 38
D)37 to 39
Q4) The hypothalamus is the thermostat of the body because it:
A)produces heat when the body is too cold
B)gives off heat when the body is too warm
C)regulates heat production and heat loss responses by the body
D)keeps the body at a constant temperature of 35°C
61
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Chapter 19:The Urinary System-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the kidneys and erythropoietin (Select all that apply)?
A)A person with chronic kidney failure may have chronic anemia as well.
B)The stimulus for secretion of erythropoietin is hypoxia.
C)The target tissue of erythropoietin is the red bone marrow.
D)Erythropoietin simulates increased production of all of the kinds of blood cells.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of tubular reabsorption (Select all that apply)?
A)Positive ions are reabsorbed by active transport.
B)Water and negative ions are reabsorbed by osmosis.
C)Cells in the proximal convoluted tubule have cilia to increase their surface area for absorption.
D)Glucose is reabsorbed by active transport and has a threshold level.
E)Water-soluble vitamins are reabsorbed by active transport and do not have threshold levels.
F)Small proteins are reabsorbed by pinocytosis.
G)Approximately 99% of the renal filtrate formed is reabsorbed.
H)Tubular reabsorption takes place from the peritubular capillaries to the renal tubules.
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Chapter 19:The Urinary System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the kidneys,two hormones that increase the reabsorption of water are _________________ and _______________________.
Q2) In the kidney,the renal tubules are surrounded by the _____________________________.
Q3) A Bowman's capsule has ______________ layers,and the layer that is very permeable is the ___________________ layer.
Q4) The renal cortex is made of __________________________ and __________________________ (parts of a nephron).
Q5) The normal pH range of urine is ____________ to ______________.
Q6) The specific gravity of urine is a measure of the _____________________ present in urine.
Q7) In the kidney,the renal pelvis empties urine into the _______________________.
Q8) If the kidneys are not functioning properly,blood levels of the nitrogenous waste products will ____________________________,and urine levels will ______________________.
Q9) The maximum amount of glucose that can be reabsorbed by the kidney tubules is called the ________________________________.
Q10) A ureter extends from the ____________________ to the _______________________. Page 63
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Chapter 19:The Urinary System-Part C
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Q1) In the kidneys,active transport is the process for the reabsorption of:
A)glucose
B)amino acids
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and small proteins
Q2) Voluntary control of the urination reflex is provided by the:
A)detrusor muscle
B)internal urethral sphincter
C)spinal cord
D)external urethral sphincter
Q3) The parts of a nephron found in the renal medulla are the:
A)collecting tubules
B)loops of Henle
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and the renal corpuscles
Q4) In men,the urethra passes through the:
A)prostate gland
B)penis
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and the inguinal canal
65
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Chapter 20:Fluid Electrolyte and Acid Base Balance-Part
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Q1) Which of the following statements are true of water and water compartments (Select all that apply)?
A)Interstitial fluid is another name for intracellular fluid.
B)Water moves into and out of cells mainly by osmosis.
C)Lymph was previously tissue fluid and will become plasma.
D)Tissue fluid is formed from plasma by the process of filtration.
E)Cerebrospinal fluid is the tissue fluid of the CNS and is formed by active transport.
F)The largest water compartment is plasma,and the smallest is tissue fluid.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of water intake and output (Select all that apply)?
A)Most water intake is in the form of water and other beverages.
B)Most water output is in the form of urine.
C)Metabolic water provides 25% of the total water intake because cell respiration is a constant process.
D)Most foods do not provide water.
E)Water loss by way of sweating may vary greatly from day to day.
F)Water loss by way of breathing is the water vapor in exhaled air.
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Chapter 20:Fluid Electrolyte and Acid Base Balance-Part B
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Q1) The respiratory system is important for pH regulation because it controls the amount of _________________________ in body fluids,which in turn affects the number of _____________ present in body fluids.
Q2) To compensate for metabolic acidosis,respirations will _____________________ in order to __________________________ carbon dioxide.
Q3) The bicarbonate buffer system will buffer a strong acid by forming a ____________________ and a(n)______________________.
Q4) Most of the loss of body water is by way of _____________________________.
Q5) If the osmolarity of a solution increases,this means that the relative amount of _______________________ has decreased.
Q6) If the kidneys are excreting more hydrogen ions,the pH of body fluids will probably ________________.
Q7) The phosphate buffer system buffers a strong acid by forming a(n)______________________ and a(n)____________________________.
Q8) If the kidneys are excreting fewer hydrogen ions,the pH of body fluids will probably
Q9) By the process of osmosis,tissue fluid becomes ____________________________.
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Chapter 20:Fluid Electrolyte and Acid Base Balance-Part
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Q1) Which statement is NOT true of hormone effects on water loss or retention?
A)ADH increases urinary output.
B)Aldosterone decreases urinary output.
C)ANP increases urinary output.
D)Aldosterone increases blood volume.
Q2) The major electrolytes in intracellular fluid are:
A)sodium and chloride
B)potassium and chloride
C)phosphate,chloride,and proteins
D)potassium,phosphate,and proteins
Q3) The function of ADH is to:
A)increase reabsorption of water by the kidneys
B)decrease reabsorption of water by the kidneys
C)increase reabsorption of sodium and water by the kidneys
D)decrease reabsorption of sodium and water by the kidneys
Q4) Water loss from the body,from least to greatest amounts,is:
A)exhalation/feces/sweat/urine
B)feces/sweat/exhalation/urine
C)exhalation/feces/urine/sweat
D)feces/exhalation/sweat/urine
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Chapter 21:The Reproductive Systems-Part A
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Q1) Which of the following statements are true of sperm (Select all that apply)?
A)The chromosomes are with the mitochondria because they require ATP in order to divide.
B)The flagellum provides for movement,and is most efficient in a moderately acidic environment.
C)The acrosome contains enzymes to digest the membrane of an ovum.
D)Millions of sperm are contained in 1 mL of semen.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the testes and male reproductive ducts (Select all that apply)?
A)The testes are located in the scrotum because sperm development requires a temperature lower than 37oC.
B)The ductus deferens carries sperm to the ejaculatory duct on its side.
C)The epididymis passes through the inguinal canal and is the site of maturation of sperm.
D)The rete testis is a network formed by all the ducts of the seminiferous tubules.
E)The paired ejaculatory ducts empty sperm and secretions into the urethra.
F)The membranous urethra is surrounded by the external urethral sphincter.
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Chapter 21:The Reproductive Systems-Part B
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Q1) The head of a sperm cell contains the ________________________; the mitochondria provide ______________; and the flagellum provides ________________________.
Q2) The __________________________ cells of the testes produce testosterone.
Q3) The menstrual cycle requires FSH and LH from the _________________________ gland,and estrogen and progesterone from the ____________________.
Q4) The secretory portions of the mammary glands are surrounded and cushioned by ___________________________.
Q5) In oogenesis,the hormones that are necessary for the production of a mature ovum are ____________________ and ____________________.
Q6) The hormone that stimulates milk production in the mammary glands is ____________________,which is secreted by the _________________________ gland.
Q7) In the menstrual cycle,the loss of the endometrium is stimulated by a decrease in the hormone ___________________________.
Q8) Ejaculation of semen involves peristalsis of the __________________________ and contraction of the _________________ gland.
Q9) The perineum refers to the _________________ floor. Page 71
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Chapter 21:The Reproductive Systems-Part C
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Q1) The vagina is ___ to the urethra and ___ to the rectum.
A)anterior/posterior
B)posterior/medial
C)anterior/medial
D)posterior/anterior
Q2) Which statement is NOT true of spermatogenesis?
A)The process takes place in the testes.
B)Four functional sperm are produced for each cell that undergoes meiosis.
C)The process is continuous from day to day.
D)The process begins at puberty and ends around the age of 50 to 60.
Q3) The menstrual cycle requires hormones from the:
A)anterior pituitary gland
B)ovary
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and the posterior pituitary gland
Q4) Which statement is NOT true of the male reproductive hormones?
A)Testosterone is important for the maturation of sperm.
B)LH stimulates secretion of testosterone.
C)Inhibin increases the secretion of FSH.
D)FSH initiates sperm production.
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Chapter 22:Human Development and Genetics-Part A
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Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the placental hormones (Select all that apply)?
A)The chorion of the embryo produces hCG to maintain the corpus luteum during early pregnancy.
B)Contractions of the myometrium are inhibited by the estrogen produced by the placenta.
C)Estrogen and progesterone begin to stimulate milk production toward the end of pregnancy.
D)Progesterone is first produced by the corpus luteum,then by the placenta.
E)The secretion of FSH and LH by the anterior pituitary is inhibited by estrogen and progesterone.
F)Relaxin increases the stretchiness of the ligaments of the pubic symphysis.
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Chapter 22:Human Development and Genetics-Part B
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Q1) A person who is homozygous for a particular trait has two ____________________ genes for it.
Q2) The genes for sex-linked traits are found on the _______________ chromosome.
Q3) A pair of chromosomes that has maternal and paternal genes for the same traits is a(n)___________________ pair.
Q4) For people,curly hair is dominant and straight hair is recessive.
Genetics problem: Mom is heterozygous for curly hair and Dad has straight hair.The percent chance that a child of theirs will have curly hair is ______________.
Q5) The embryonic membrane that forms the fetal part of the placenta is the ___________________.
Q6) For people,curly hair is dominant and straight hair is recessive.
Genetics problem: Mom is heterozygous for curly hair and Dad has straight hair.The percent chance that a child of theirs will have straight hair is ______________.
Q7) A trait that is ____________________ requires two genes for its expression,and a trait that is _______________________ requires only one gene for its expression.
Q8) In the embryo,the epidermis and nervous system are derived from the ___________________.
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Chapter 22:Human Development and Genetics-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The stage of labor during which the placenta is delivered is the:
A)first stage
B)second stage
C)third stage
D)fourth stage
Q2) For people,red hair is a recessive trait.In order for a child to have red hair,what must be true of the parents?
A)One parent must have red hair.
B)Both parents must have red hair.
C)One parent must have a gene for red hair.
D)Both parents must have a gene for red hair.
Q3) When a zygote undergoes cleavage,the process involved is:
A)mitosis
B)meiosis
C)implantation
D)fertilization
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Chapter 1:An Introduction to Microbiology and Human
Disease-Part A
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Q1) A zoonosis is a disease that:
A)people give to their pets
B)people get from visiting zoos
C)people acquire from animals,the natural hosts
D)people acquire,but without symptoms
Q2) Intestinal pathogens are usually spread by the:
A)oral-oral route
B)fecal-oral route
C)oral-fecal route
D)fecal-fecal route
Q3) Which of these is NOT a zoonosis?
A)chickenpox
B)rabies
C)plague
D)Lyme disease
Q4) The vector of malaria is a:
A)mosquito
B)flea
C)tick
D)louse
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Chapter 1:An Introduction to Microbiology and Human
Disease-Part B
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Q1) With respect to bacteria,diplo means __________________,staphylo means _____________,and strepto means _______________________.
Q2) Spherical bacteria that grow in clusters are called _____________________________.
Q3) To prevent hospital-acquired infections,the staff should make _____________________ a first priority.
Q4) Viruses cause disease by _____________________.
Q5) The chemical ____________________ is often added to the water supply to make the water safe to drink.
Q6) Bacteria that can reproduce in the presence or absence of oxygen are called _________________________.
Q7) Anaerobic bacteria are those that cannot reproduce when _______________________________.
Q8) For bacterial cells,flagella provide __________________________.
Q9) For viruses spread by vectors,the portal of entry is the __________________________.
Q10) Spiral bacteria are called ___________________________. Page 78
Facultative anaerobic bacteria are those that can reproduce
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Chapter 1:An Introduction to Microbiology and Human
Disease-Part C
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Q1) Which of the following statements are true of infections and disease (Select all that apply)?
A)When the number of cases of a disease rises sharply,the disease is called endemic.
B)Subclinical is a synonym for asymptomatic or inapparent.
C)Fomites are objects that may be a source of pathogens.
D)An acute infection is always localized,and a chronic infection is always widespread.
E)A communicable disease is not always contagious,and a contagious disease is not always communicable.
F)A post-op infection of abdominal skin sutures is an example of a nosocomial infection.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of viruses (Select all that apply)?
A)A virus has either DNA or RNA surrounding its protein core.
B)To reproduce,a virus must be within a living cell.
C)Viruses spread from person to person only by direct contact.
D)Viruses cause disease by killing the cells they reproduce within.
E)The enzymes secreted by viruses are needed for them to obtain food.
F)Some viruses require insect vectors to spread from host to host.
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