Pre-Medical Physiology Question
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Course Introduction
Pre-Medical Physiology introduces students to the fundamental principles of human physiology relevant for future medical studies. The course covers the structure and function of major organ systems, including the nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, gastrointestinal, and endocrine systems. Emphasis is placed on homeostatic mechanisms, cellular communication, and integration of system functions. Through lectures, laboratory exercises, and case studies, students gain an understanding of physiological processes and their relevance to health and disease, forming a crucial foundation for advanced studies in medicine and allied health professions.
Recommended Textbook
Human Physiology 14th Edition by Stuart Ira Fox Dr
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20 Chapters
2890 Verified Questions
2890 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Study of Body Function
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) By affecting the diameter of cutaneous blood vessels,motor nerve fibers in the skin can regulate the rate of blood flow.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) All skeletal muscles cause movement of the skeleton.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The normal range of arterial blood pH is
A)6.50-7.50.
B)7.35-7.45.
C)6.95-7.05.
D)7.15-7.25.
Answer: B
Q4) Epithelial membranes cover body surfaces and line the cavity of organs.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Chemical Composition of the Body
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Sample Questions
Q1) An example of an aromatic substance is A)hexane.
B)cyclohexane.
C)fructose.
D)benzene.
Answer: D
Q2) Molecules that are mirror images of each other are A)enantiomers.
B)geometric isomers.
C)cis/trans isomers.
D)structural isomers.
Answer: A
Q3) Ketones contain a(n)_______________ group within the carbon chain. A)hydroxyl
B)carbonyl
C)carboxyl
D)aromatic
Answer: B
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4
Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Genetic Control
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Sample Questions
Q1) Neutrophils and macrophages move through the extracellular matrix by amoeboid movement.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) What enzyme is needed for transcription?
A)spliceosomes
B)RNA polymerase
C)RNA promoter
D)DNA polymerase
Answer: B
Q3) A cell lacking a Golgi apparatus would not be able to add _____________ to proteins.
A)lipids
B)proteins
C)carbohydrates
D)acids
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Enzymes and Energy
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Sample Questions
Q1) A defect in the enzyme which converts phenylalanine into tyrosine is characteristic of the disease
A)phenylketonuriA.
B)albinism.
C)lactose intolerance.
D)maple-syrup disease.
Q2) Enzymes are specific for a given substrate.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Endergonic reactions cause the amount of entropy in the products to be A)increased.
B)decreased.
C)unchanged.
Q4) Catalysts increase reaction rates by lowering the activation energy of a reaction. A)True B)False
Q5) At saturation,enzyme activity is maximal. A)True B)False
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Chapter 5: Cell Respiration and Metabolism
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106 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ______________ normally produce ATP by aerobic respiration.
A)Red blood cells
B)Cardiac muscle cells
C)Skeletal muscle cells
D)Skin cells
Q2) Skeletal muscle contains glucose 6-phosphatase to produce free glucose from glucose 6-phosphate.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Cyanide is lethal because it blocks the oxidation of oxygen in the electron transport chain system.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Glycolysis is an endergonic reaction.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Beta-oxidation produces acetyl CoA molecules from fatty acids.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Interactions Between Cells and the Extracellular Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) The charge difference across a membrane produces the membrane potential.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Where is the G-protein complex when a regulatory molecule is not bound to its receptor?
A)The alpha subunit is attached to the inner surface of the receptor.
B)The three subunits are together but not attached to the inner surface of the receptor.
C)The three subunits are together AND attached to the inner surface of the receptor.
D)The beta and gamma subunits are attached to the inner surface of the receptor.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT true of cyclic AMP?
A)It is found on the outside of a plasma membrane.
B)It is a second messenger for polar regulatory molecules.
C)It is made from ATP.
D)It activates enzymes inside a cell to produce the desired effect.
Q4) The extracellular matrix is made up of collagen,elastin,and a gel-like ground substance.
A)True
B)False
Page 8
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Chapter 7: The Nervous System: Neurons and Synapses
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190 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Acetylcholine
A)is always an excitatory neurotransmitter.
B)can bind to adrenergic receptors.
C)is an inhibitory neurotransmitter released by motor neurons.
D)can bind to nicotinic receptors.
Q2) Sensory nerves cause muscle contraction.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What action produces an IPSP on the postsynaptic membrane?
A)influx of Na+ ions
B)opening of Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels into the neuron
C)outflow of K+ ions
D)opening of Cl<sup>-</sup> channels into the neuron
Q4) Ganglia are clusters of nerve cell bodies located in the peripheral nervous system.
A)True
B)False
Q5) All axons in the PNS are surrounded by Schwann cells.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: The Central Nervous System
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160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An example of working memory would be
A)recognizing a threatening picture.
B)remembering the last hockey game you attended.
C)looking up an address and addressing an envelop.
D)playing a song on the piano you learned as a chilD.
Q2) What type of neurons are found in the precentral gyrus?
A)sensory neurons
B)lower motor neurons
C)upper motor neurons
D)middle motor neurons
Q3) Which cranial nerve is vital for the functioning of the visceral organs?
A)abducens
B)glossopharyngeal
C)hypoglossal
D)vagus
Q4) Damage to the orbitofrontal area of the prefrontal cortex causes
A)memory deficiencies.
B)cognitive deficiencies.
C)severe impulsive/sociopathic behavior.
D)inhibited fear response.
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Chapter 9: The Autonomic Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
A)has long postganglionic neurons.
B)has a single neuron arising from the spinal cord.
C)has relatively short preganglionic neurons.
D)has terminal ganglia embedded in the visceral effectors.
Q2) Heart rate is increased in response to sympathetic stimulation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Beta-adrenergic receptors stimulate the production of cAMP.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Organs innervated by autonomic motor neurons are often under voluntary control.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Cocaine is a(an)___________________ drug,meaning that it promotes sympathetic nerve effects.
A)cholinergic
B)adrenergic
C)sympathomimetic
D)parasympathomimetic
11
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Chapter 10: Sensory Physiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) When stereocilia are bent toward the kinocilium,the cell membrane will be A)hyperpolarized.
B)depolarized.
C)releasing increased amounts of neurotransmitter.
D)Both depolarized and releasing increased amounts of neurotransmitter are correct.
Q2) Vertigo occurs due to activation of the A)utricle.
B)semicircular canals.
C)saccule.
D)cochlea.
Q3) Ablation of the superior colliculus of the midbrain would induce deafness. A)True
B)False
Q4) Sensations are sharpened via A)two-point discrimination.
B)adaptation.
C)lateral inhibition.
D)phantom limb.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Endocrine Glands: Secretion and Action of Hormones
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157 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most lipid-soluble hormones are derived from cholesterol.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Those hormones that are nonpolar can pass through the plasma membrane and are called
A)hydrophilic.
B)hydrophobic.
C)lipophiliC.
D)Both hydrophobic and lipophilic are correct.
Q3) Activated calmodulin will,in turn,activate protein kinases.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Diabetes mellitus occurs due to lack of liver beta-cell function.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which of the following is the most senior precursor molecule?
A)a prehormone
B)a prohormone
C)a hormone
D)a hormone receptor
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Chapter 12: Muscle: Mechanisms of Contraction and Neural Control
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149 Verified Questions
149 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Alpha motoneurons innervate
A)nuclear chain fibers.
B)nuclear bag fibers.
C)extrafusal fibers.
D)intrafusal fibers.
Q2) Coactivation of alpha and gamma motoneurons is stimulated by ______________ neurons.
A)upper motor
B)lower motor
C)intermotor
D)sensory
Q3) The fastest shortening muscle fiber in humans is the A)type IIA.
B)type IIB.
C)type IIX.
D)type I.
Q4) The monosynaptic stretch reflex involves the actions of the muscle spindles.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Blood,Heart and Circulation
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Sample Questions
Q1) The production and conduction of action potentials in the heart produces a recordable tracing of the electrical activity of the heart called a(n)
A)EMG.
B)depolarization.
C)heart scan.
D)ECG.
Q2) Having no nucleus,a biconcave shape,and the function of gas transport would describe a
A)red blood cell.
B)platelet.
C)white blood cell.
D)albumin.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a transportation function of the circulatory system?
A)carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide
B)carrying metabolic waste
C)carrying leukocytes
D)carrying absorbed products of digestion
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Chapter 14: Cardiac Output,Blood Flow,and Blood Pressure
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Sample Questions
Q1) During exercise,blood flow to the heart increases.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The opposing forces that affect fluid movements across a capillary are known as A)oncotic pressures.
B)starling forces.
C)colloid osmotic pressures.
D)None apply.
Q3) Increased blood pressure stimulates
A)decreased outflow from the baroreceptors.
B)decreased sympathetic outflow to the heart.
C)decreased parasympathetic outflow to the heart.
D)postural hypotension.
Q4) The volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole is known as the A)after-load.
B)pre-diastolic volume (PDV).
C)stroke volume (SV).
D)end-diastolic volume (EDV).
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16
Chapter 15: The Immune System
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Sample Questions
Q1) What substance signals macropages to destroy self-cells that have committed apoptosis?
A)interleukin-1
B)peptidoglycan
C)complement
D)phosphatidylserine
Q2) Immunological competence develops
A)during gestation.
B)at the onset of puberty.
C)at birth.
D)shortly after birth.
Q3) Benign tumors grow rapidly and can be dispersed throughout the body.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Helper T lymphocytes interact specifically with antigens presented with class-2 MHC molecules.
A)True
B)False
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Respiratory Physiology
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164 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) During inspiration,
A)alveolar pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure.
B)transpulmonary pressure increases.
C)the diaphragm relaxes.
D)intrapulmonary pressure is less than atmospheric pressure.
Q2) The enzyme ______ catalyzes the formation of H<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> from CO<sub>2</sub> and water.
A)renin
B)nitric oxide synthase
C)lactate dehydrogenase
D)carbonic anhydrase
Q3) Quiet expiration is caused by
A)contraction of the external intercostals.
B)contraction of the internal intercostals.
C)lung recoil and increased intrapulmonary pressure.
D)contraction of the scalenes.
Q4) A decreased affinity for oxygen shifts the oxygen dissociation curve to the right.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Physiology of the Kidneys
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Sample Questions
Q1) Plasma measurement of creatinine is a close estimate of GFR.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Highly elevated blood pressure would stimulate an increased glomerular filtration rate.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Urea is transported out of the descending limb of the loop of Henle to add to the high osmolarity of the medulla.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What type of cells form the third filtration barrier?
A)podocytes
B)ciliated cuboidal epithelial cells
C)capillary simple squamous epithelial cells
D)glomerulocytes
Q5) Water permeability of the proximal convoluted tubule is regulated by antidiuretic hormone.
A)True
B)False
Page 19
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Chapter 18: The Digestive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Antihistamines would limit the gastric secretion of A)pepsinogen.
B)gastrin.
C)hydrochloric acid.
D)mucus.
Q2) Anemia often results due to a lack of intrinsic factor.
A)True
B)False
Q3) All of the following have an enterohepatic circulation EXCEPT A)penicillin.
B)cholesterol.
C)tetracycline.
D)bilirubin.
Q4) Which of the following is NOT true about CCK (cholecystokinin)?
A)released in response to fat and protein in the chyme
B)stimulates the production of pancreatic digestive enzymes
C)uses cyclic AMP as the second messenger to pancreatic acinar cells
D)controlled through a positive feedback loop
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Chapter 19: Regulation and Metabolism
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Sample Questions
Q1) There are nine essential amino acids and 2 essential fatty acids.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Destruction of the alpha cells of the pancreas would decrease glucagon secretion.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Exercising at low or moderate intensity promotes use of fatty acids by skeletal muscle.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A BMI of over ____ is considered obese.
A)20
B)25
C)30
D)35
Q5) Stress hyperglycemia results from the effects of epinephrine and glucagon.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 20: Reproduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Initiation of labor involves all of the following EXCEPT
A)corticotropin-releasing hormone from the placentA.
B)DHEAS from the fetal adrenal gland.
C)cortisol from the mother and fetus.
D)human chorionic gonadotropin from the placenta.
Q2) Sperm are stored and matured in the A)vas deferens.
B)seminal vesicles.
C)epididymis.
D)prostate glanD.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a part of the female reproductive system?
A)ductus deferens
B)uterus
C)labia majora
D)uterine tube
Q4) Women who are very lean and physically active may have irregular cycles and amenorrhea.
A)True
B)False
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