Politics of Developing Nations
Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
This course examines the political systems, structures, and processes of developing nations, focusing on the challenges and opportunities they face in the contemporary global landscape. It explores themes such as colonial legacies, state-building, democratization, political instability, economic development, social movements, and the impact of globalization. Through case studies and comparative analysis, students gain insight into the diversity of political experiences in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East, enhancing their understanding of how domestic and international forces shape the trajectories of these nations.
Recommended Textbook
Cases in Comparative Politics Fifth Edition by
Patrick H. ONeil
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14 Chapters
420 Verified Questions
420 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) States that divide power between the central state and regional or local authorities are called:
A)unitary.
B)devolved.
C)weak.
D)federal.
E)democratic.
Answer: D
Q2) Courts with the power to decide questions that do not arise from legal cases, sometimes even before legislation has been enacted, have the power of:
A)due process.
B)judicial review.
C)abstract review.
D)constitutional veto.
E)the head of state.
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: United Kingdom
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following most accurately describes the religious composition of Northern Ireland?
A)Protestants make up the majority of the population, although Catholics constitute approximately 40 percent.
B)Catholics make up the majority of the population.
C)Protestants make up the majority of the population.
D)Almost all citizens of Northern Ireland are Catholic.
E)Almost all citizens of Northern Ireland are Protestant.
Answer: A
Q2) Violence in Northern Ireland was largely ended by:
A)a military intervention by the Irish Republic.
B)the Catholic victory in the civil war.
C)the Good Friday Agreement.
D)the Protestant victory in the civil war.
E)the Belfast compromise.
Answer: C
Q3) Describe the similarities that exist between Tony Blair and Margaret Thatcher, despite Thatcher being a Conservative and Blair a Labourite.
Answer: Answers will vary.
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Page 4
Chapter 3: United States
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30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following events represents the most significant turning point in U.S. foreign policy?
A)participation in World War I
B)participation in World War II
C)establishment of the Monroe Doctrine
D)participation in the Vietnam War
E)fall of the Soviet Union
Answer: B
Q2) What branch of the government did the framers of the Constitution intend to be the dominant one?
A)none; separation of powers were intended to make them equal
B)the judiciary
C)the legislature
D)the executive
E)the combination of the legislature and judiciary
Answer: C
Q3) What is the state of America's participatory civil society? How does it relate to the level of populist sentiment in the United States?
Answer: Answers will vary.
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Page 5
Chapter 4: France
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about France's legislative system is accurate?
A)A blocked vote by the legislature allows it to freeze and amend an executive policy even if it is already in process.
B)The legislature can only block a motion of confidence from becoming a law by passing a motion of censure against the government.
C)The legislature can sometimes govern directly through the use of ordinances.
D)Only about half of all legislation originates within the legislature itself; the executive proposes the other half.
E)Most legislative power rests with committees, which operate under loose, self-imposed rules because they are not regulated by the constitution.
Q2) In France, cohabitation refers to when:
A)the two houses of the French legislature are controlled by different parties.
B)the president and the prime minister come from different parties.
C)there is a coalition government made up of several parties.
D)local governments are able to overturn legislation by means of referenda.
E)there is general political agreement between business and labor.
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6
Chapter 5: Germany
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why did the Weimar Republic fail? Were internal or external factors more significant?
Q2) The German lower house of parliament uses what electoral system?
A)proportional representation
B)single-member district
C)mixed (between PR and SMD)
D)plebiscite
E)single-member districts in two rounds
Q3) How has the legacy of Nazism and World War II shaped the cultural and ideological development of the German people? What ideological development has helped increase the power of the German Green Party?
Q4) The German policy of codetermination refers to:
A)consulting both East and West Germans before implementing major policies.
B)coordinating EU and German national policies.
C)forced seating of union leaders on the corporate boards of private firms.
D)devolving authority for economic policies from the federal level to state policy makers.
E)the requirement that German states approve all federal legislation.
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Chapter 6: Japan
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Sample Questions
Q1) Japan currently faces territorial issues with which three of the following countries?
A)Taiwan, the Philippines, and China
B)North Korea, China, and the Philippines
C)Russia, Taiwan, and South Korea
D)North Korea, Russia, and the Philippines
E)Russia, China, and South Korea
Q2) Ainu and burakumin are examples of:
A)new quasi-federal regions in Japan.
B)groups in Japan that face discrimination.
C)neocorporatist business organizations inside the iron triangle.
D)environmental groups in Japan.
E)Japan's new frigate-class naval destroyers.
Q3) Why is Japan's bureaucracy so powerful, and what prevents its reform? Should Japan take radical measures to eliminate its powerful iron triangle?
Q4) Why did Japan's "one-and-a-half" party system provide for such a stable government for so long? Why did that stability fracture in 2007?
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Chapter 7: Russia
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lenin consolidated the 1917 revolution in part through the nomenklatura, which were:
A)the secret police.
B)the local Soviets that provided grassroots support to the revolution.
C)politically influential Communists who were given important jobs in the bureaucracy.
D)the mass armies used to defeat the opponents of the revolution.
E)an ethnic minority that strongly supported the revolution.
Q2) Civil society in Russia:
A)remains strong as a legacy of Soviet rule.
B)was weak under Soviet rule but has grown dramatically since then, reaching near-Western levels.
C)has been repressed under Putin.
D)has built and supports a vibrant and diverse media.
E)has no public support.
Q3) What explains the recent conflicts between the West and Russia, and what can be done to limit them in the future?
Q4) Why has "true" democracy failed to take root in Russia since the collapse of communism? What factors do you think are most important?
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Chapter 8: China
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Sample Questions
Q1) The iron rice bowl refers to:
A)the strong role of the army in Chinese politics.
B)China's restrictions against private agriculture.
C)China's continuing reliance on heavy industry over consumer goods.
D)China's welfare system, which includes lifetime health care, work, and retirement security.
E)the agricultural component to the Great Leap Forward.
Q2) Discuss the relationship between the Chinese state and the Chinese Communist Party. Can they be separated and assessed as separate institutions? Will it be possible for the state to continue without the CCP?
Q3) Why does the process of political succession pose such a challenge to the dominance of the CCP? How have leaders sought to deal with the issue of political succession in China?
Q4) China's legislature is known as the:
A)Socialist People's Parliament.
B)Red House.
C)Plenary Hall.
D)House of the People.
E)National People's Congress.
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Chapter 9: India
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why has one-party dominance given way to rule by coalition government since the early 1990s? Has this trend produced a stable, workable government, and why?
Q2) Which of the following statements about India's House of the People is accurate?
A)It has rejected most of the rituals and institutions of its colonial model.
B)Most of its members are elected to fixed six-year terms.
C)Each representative in the chamber serves roughly 2 million people.
D)It represents India's 29 states and 7 territories.
E)It is the weaker of the two legislative houses.
Q3) India's Sepoy Mutiny pitted:
A)the East India Company against British colonial troops.
B)Hindu conscripts against Muslim conscripts.
C)British colonial troops against British officers.
D)Hindu and Muslim conscripts against British colonial troops.
E)British soldiers against French revolutionary forces.
Q4) Which prime minister declared emergency rule in 1975?
A)Rajiv Gandhi
B)Jawaharlal Nehru
C)Manmohan Singh
D)Indira Gandhi
E)Mohandes K. Gandhi
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Iran
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mohammad Khatami's presidency is best known for his:
A)leadership during the Iran-Iraq war.
B)attempts at political reform.
C)attempts to roll back earlier political reform.
D)widespread use of violence during the early years of the Islamic Republic.
E)role in restarting Iran's nuclear weapons program.
Q2) Why do you think the Islamic Revolution was successful in Iran? How much of that success can be attributed to the influence of foreign powers, the nature of Shiism, or unique cultural attributes of the Iranian people?
Q3) Some note that Shiism resembles Christianity in its:
A)belief in a religious figure that will return to the world and restore faith and justice.
B)belief that baptism can cleanse a person of past sins.
C)fusion with earlier pagan beliefs that imbue certain types of natural entities, such as rocks and streams, with spiritual power.
D)inherently political nature.
E)veneration of Jesus and Mary.
Q4) Is it possible for Iran to become more democratic while keeping a strong role for religion in politics? Why or why not?
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Mexico
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most Mexicans are:
A)of European descent.
B)Protestant.
C)mestizo.
D)white.
E)Amerindian.
Q2) In which of the following ways does the Mexican Senate differ from the Chamber of Deputies?
A)The Senate has a committee system.
B)The Senate can levy taxes.
C)Senate members are unable to serve consecutive terms.
D)The Senate has the power to approve treaties.
E)The PRI was never able to fully control the Senate.
Q3) For Mexico, what was a drawback of the "Mexican miracle"?
A)reduced manufacturing
B)major dependence on the U.S. economy
C)greater reliance on exports to the south
D)political instability
E)declining oil prices
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Brazil
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Sample Questions
Q1) What has been the most controversial aspect of affirmative action in Brazil?
A)cash payments for indigenous workers that have lost jobs
B)racial quotas in the state bureaucracy
C)racial quotas at public universities
D)affirmative action in the diplomatic corps
E)the appointment of cabinet ministers of indigenous racial backgrounds
Q2) Brazil's military regime after 1964 was:
A)a Communist regime.
B)a bureaucratic authoritarian regime.
C)an illiberal democracy.
D)a populist dictatorship.
E)a socialist experiment.
Q3) Democratization in Brazil during the 1980s resulted from:
A)a civil war.
B)a popular uprising.
C)the rapid collapse of the military.
D)a gradual, controlled process.
E)foreign intervention.
Q4) Describe the main features of bureaucratic authoritarianism under military rule in Brazil. What legacy of that rule still affects Brazil today?
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Chapter 13: South Africa
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most important antiapartheid organization was the:
A)Pan Africanist Congress.
B)National Party.
C)African National Congress.
D)South African Communist Party.
E)Congress of the People.
Q2) To what degree has South Africa developed a political party system and a political culture that is independent of the history of apartheid? What level of influence do the current social and economic divisions have on the current makeup of political parties?
Q3) Which of the following was a controversial policy of President Thabo Mbeki?
A)his bitter opposition to Robert Mugabe in Zimbabwe
B)his attempt to create regional integration and cooperation
C)his policy regarding HIV/AIDS
D)his attempt to ban opposition political parties
E)his involvement in African peacekeeping
Q4) Describe the logic and workings of apartheid. How did its supporters justify white rule? How was it able to survive for so long?
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15
Chapter 14: Nigeria
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Sample Questions
Q1) Since the elections of 1999, the dominant political party in Nigerian politics has been the:
A)People's Democratic Party.
B)All People's Party.
C)Alliance for Democracy.
D)Nigerian Socialist Party.
E)Action Congress.
Q2) Which of the following statements about the transition to democracy in Nigeria is accurate?
A)It has resulted in a large decline in the income inequality between the north and the south.
B)It has lowered the number of Nigerians that support democracy as a government system to below 50 percent.
C)It has resulted in a rise in ethnic violence with economic dimensions.
D)Political elites have begun to reduce their use of ethnic conflict as an avenue of political support.
E)It has weakened the application of Sharia law in the south.
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Page 16