Physiology for Allied Health Test Questions
Course Introduction
Physiology for Allied Health introduces students to the foundational principles of human physiology with a focus on their relevance to various allied health professions. This course examines the structure and function of major organ systems, including the cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous, musculoskeletal, digestive, endocrine, and renal systems. Emphasis is placed on understanding homeostatic mechanisms, cellular function, and system integration to explain how the body responds to both normal and pathological conditions. Through lectures and practical activities, students will develop the knowledge necessary to apply physiological concepts to clinical scenarios commonly encountered in allied health settings.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology 6th Edition by Valerie C. Scanlon
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Chapter 2:Organization and General Plan of the Body-Part
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of body sections (Select all that apply)?
A)A transverse section involves a horizontal plane.
B)A coronal section is the same as a frontal section.
C)A cross-section is useful for showing the internal structure of a tubular organ.
D)Right and left parts of the body are obtained with a sagittal section.
E)A midsagittal section of the body would pass through the nose and navel.
F)Anterior and posterior parts of the body are obtained with a frontal section.
Answer: A,B,C,D,E,F
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the quadrants of the abdomen (Select all that apply)?
A)The use of quadrants makes description of organ location simpler.
B)The imaginary lines that create the quadrants cross at the navel.
C)The liver is not found in the left upper quadrant.
D)The pancreas is not found in the right lower quadrant.
E)The imaginary lines that create the quadrants are a midsagittal plane and a frontal plane.
F)Parts of the small intestine are found in all four quadrants.
Answer: A,B,D,F
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Chapter 2:Organization and General Plan of the Body-Part
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Sample Questions
Q1) The bones of the skull are rigid and hard,which is part of their
Answer: anatomy
Q2) The type of feedback mechanism in which the response keeps the stimulus going is called _______________________.
Answer: positive
Q3) The type of feedback mechanism that requires an external brake is called ___________________.
Answer: positive
Q4) A tissue that contracts to move part of the body is a __________________ tissue.
Answer: muscle
Q5) The abdominal cavity is lined by a membrane called the __________________. Answer: peritoneum
Q6) The organ system of which the kidneys are part is the _______________ system. Answer: urinary
Q7) A tissue that lines a body cavity is a type of ________________________ tissue.
Answer: epithelial
Q8) A ______________________ section separates the body into front and back Page 4
parts.
Answer: coronal frontal
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Chapter 2:Organization and General Plan of the Body-Part
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Sample Questions
Q1) The meninges are membranes that:
A)cover the brain
B)cover the spinal cord
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and line the orbital cavities
Answer: C
Q2) The two deltoid areas would be separated by which section of the body?
A)midtransverse
B)midsagittal
C)cross
D)coronal
Answer: B
Q3) The membrane that lines the abdominal cavity is the:
A)visceral pleura
B)parietal pleura
C)peritoneum
D)mesentery
Answer: C
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Chapter 3:Some Basic Chemistry-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of covalent,hydrogen,or disulfide bonds (Select all that apply)?
A)Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons.
B)Organic molecules such as glucose are held together by covalent bonds.
C)The element carbon only rarely forms covalent bonds.
D)Hydrogen bonds help maintain the three-dimensional shape of proteins.
E)Disulfide bonds help maintain the three-dimensional shape of carbohydrates.
F)Covalent bonds are relatively strong,except in water,where they weaken and tend to break.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the structure of organic molecules (Select all that apply)?
A)The subunits of polysaccharides are monosaccharides.
B)Amino acids are the subunits of nucleic acids.
C)Fatty acids are subunits of phospholipids.
D)Glycerol is a subunit of steroids.
E)Glucose is the subunit of glycogen.
F)Nucleotides are large molecules made of DNA or RNA.
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Chapter 3:Some Basic Chemistry-Part B
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Q1) A high fever may change the shape of enzymes; that is,enzymes become
Q2) A heavy metal ion may exert toxic effects by blocking the ___________________ of enzymes.
Q3) Sodium bicarbonate is a ____________ base that will only slightly ______________ pH.
Q4) Biologically useful energy is released in cell respiration in the form of _________________.
Q5) Two minerals that provide strength in bones are ______________________ and __________________________.
Q6) A reaction in which small molecules are bonded to form a larger one is a ___________________ reaction.
Q7) A protein that speeds up a reaction yet remains unchanged is called a(n)________________.
Q8) The purpose of cell respiration is to produce ________________ from _________________.
Q9) The monosaccharides that are part of DNA and RNA are the
Page 8
Q10) The polysaccharide that humans cannot digest is
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Chapter 3:Some Basic Chemistry-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) A solution with a pH of 2.5 would be:
A)slightly acidic
B)strongly acidic
C)slightly alkaline
D)strongly alkaline
Q2) The fluid found within lymph vessels is called:
A)lymph
B)plasma
C)intracellular fluid
D)tissue fluid
Q3) Which statement is NOT true of the subunits of organic molecules?
A)Glycogen is made of glucose.
B)Glycerol is found in true fats and in diglycerides.
C)DNA subunits are called deoxyprecursors.
D)The subunits of enzymes are amino acids.
Q4) An ionic bond is formed when:
A)an atom of sodium loses an electron to another atom of sodium
B)an atom of sodium shares two electrons with two atoms of chlorine
C)an atom of sodium gains an electron from an atom of chlorine
D)an atom of sodium loses an electron to an atom of chlorine
Page 10
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Chapter 4:Cells-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of mitosis and meiosis (Select all that apply)?
A)Both processes are important for the repair of tissue.
B)Both processes are important for the growth of organs and the body as a whole.
C)Only meiosis can form an ovum.
D)Sperm cells are formed by either mitosis or meiosis.
E)New red blood cells are formed by the mitosis of stem cells in the red bone marrow.
F)If the skin is cut,mitosis will repair the damage.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of cell membranes (Select all that apply)?
A)Cholesterol provides stability.
B)Receptor sites are made of glucose.
C)A cell membrane is selectively permeable.
D)Phospholipids are not always present.
E)Microvilli are cell membrane folds that sweep materials across the cell surface.
F)Receptor sites are part of cell communication.
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Chapter 4:Cells-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) Microvilli are _______________ of the cell membrane that increase the _________________ of the membrane.
Q2) In meiosis,_________ division(s)produce(s)_______ cells,each with the ___________ number of chromosomes.
Q3) The cell organelles that sweep materials across a cell surface are ______________________.
Q4) Most human cells have _________ chromosomes,which contain _____________ as the hereditary material.
Q5) Chromosomes are made of ________________,and are found in the ________________ of a cell.
Q6) In mitosis,two nuclear membranes begin to form during
Q7) Ribosomes are cell organelles that are the site of
Q8) In the process of protein synthesis,the original genetic code is copied by a molecule called ____________________.
Q9) The cellular transport process that requires transporters (carrier enzymes)is
Page 12
Q10) After mitosis,the division of the cytoplasm is called
Q11) The cell organelles that permit sperm cells to move are _______________________.
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Chapter 4:Cells-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) In mitosis,the spindle fibers pull the sets of chromosomes toward the opposite poles of the cell during:
A)prophase
B)metaphase
C)anaphase
D)telophase
Q2) The cell organelles that are the site of protein synthesis are the:
A)ribosomes
B)mitochondria
C)lysosomes
D)Golgi apparatus
Q3) Which statement is NOT true of the stages of mitosis?
A)The chromosomes duplicate themselves during prophase.
B)During telophase,two nuclei re-form.
C)During anaphase,the chromosomes are pulled toward the poles of the cell.
D)The chromosomes line up on the cell equator during metaphase.
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Chapter 5:Tissues and Membranes-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of glands (Select all that apply)?
A)An exocrine gland has a duct.
B)The secretions of exocrine glands are called hormones.
C)A gland may consist of only one cell.
D)Examples of endocrine glands are the thyroid gland and the pancreas.
E)Examples of exocrine glands are sweat glands and the pancreas.
F)If a gland is exocrine,its secretion is often a waste product.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of cardiac muscle (Select all that apply)?
A)Cardiac muscle forms the walls of the chambers of the heart.
B)Intercalated discs are the specialized nuclei of cardiac muscle cells.
C)Cardiac muscle is a type of voluntary muscle.
D)Cardiac muscle cells must receive nerve impulses in order to contract.
E)The cardiac muscle of the valves of the heart pushes blood through.
F)The pumping of the heart moves blood through blood vessels.
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Chapter 5:Tissues and Membranes-Part B
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Q1) The _______________________ connective tissue between the skin and muscles contains white blood cells to destroy pathogens.
Q2) The general function of serous fluid in all its locations is to _________________________.
Q3) Ligaments connect bone to ___________________,and are made of ____________________ tissue.
Q4) The membrane modifications of cardiac muscle cells that ensure rapid impulse transmission are called ____________________________.
Q5) The surface area of the lining of the small intestine is increased by the presence of ________________________ on the lining cells.
Q6) The fluid that is a lubricant in the digestive tract is _____________________.
Q7) The major parts of a nerve cell are its ________________,_________________,and _____________________.
Q8) The most important physical characteristic of collagen is that it is
Q9) The most important physical characteristic of elastin is that it is
16
Q10) The type of muscle tissue found in the uterus is
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Chapter 5:Tissues and Membranes-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) At synapses,nerve impulse transmission is accomplished by:
A)electrical transmission
B)the myelin sheath
C)the Schwann cells
D)chemical neurotransmitters
Q2) The fluid that traps pathogens in the respiratory tract is:
A)serous fluid
B)mucus
C)plasma
D)synovial fluid
Q3) Endocrine glands have ___ and secrete ___.
A)no ducts/hormones
B)ducts/enzymes
C)no ducts/enzymes
D)ducts/hormones
Q4) Brown fat is primarily a:
A)cushioning tissue
B)heat-generating tissue
C)energy-storage tissue
D)contracting tissue
Page 17
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Chapter 6:The Integumentary System-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the epidermis (Select all that apply)?
A)The entire epidermis is made of dead cells and is a very good barrier to pathogens.
B)Langerhans cells produce antibodies to foreign material.
C)Mitosis takes place in the stratum germinativum,the outermost layer.
D)Merkel cells are receptors for the sensation of pain
E)Most of the epidermal cells are keratinocytes.
F)The stratum corneum is made of keratin and collagen.
G)Keratin is resistant to chemicals such as acids.
H)Flaking of cells from the skin surface helps remove bacteria.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the cutaneous senses (Select all that apply)?
A)Most of the receptors are in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue.
B)The more receptors per square inch,the more sensitive the skin is.
C)Free nerve endings are only for pain.
D)Receptors for pressure and itch are encapsulated nerve endings.
E)These senses provide information about the external environment.
F)Receptors are most numerous in the skin of the palms and soles.
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Chapter 6:The Integumentary System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) During stressful situations,blood is shunted to vital organs by _______________________ in the dermis.
Q2) Sunlight on the skin stimulates production of vitamin __________________,which is important for the absorption of ________________________ from food.
Q3) The cells of the epidermis produce antimicrobial chemicals called ____________________.
Q4) The new cells of the epidermis produce the protein _______________________.
Q5) In a cold environment,the arterioles in the dermis will __________________________.
Q6) Human hair has an insulating function for the ______________________.
Q7) The stratum corneum is made of several layers of ____________________,which in turn are made of _____________________.
Q8) If intact,the stratum corneum is a very good barrier to ____________________ and ________________________.
Q9) The _____________________ secreted by the __________________________ prevents drying of the eardrum.
Q10) Keratin is a _______________________ (type of molecule)that helps make the skin relatively waterproof. Page 19
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Chapter 6:The Integumentary System-Part C
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Q1) The part of the integumentary system that contains sweat glands and sensory receptors is the:
A)epidermis
B)dermis
C)subcutaneous tissue
D)mucous membrane
Q2) A potentially serious consequence of profuse sweating is:
A)a fever
B)dehydration
C)an abnormally low body temperature
D)an infection
Q3) Vitamin D is produced in the skin from ___,and promotes absorption of ___ in the small intestine.
A)keratin/sodium
B)melanin/iron
C)cholesterol/calcium
D)collagen/calcium
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Chapter 7:The Skeletal System-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the joints of the limbs (Select all that apply)?
A)The shoulder and hip joints are the same type of synarthrosis.
B)The shoulder is more movable than the hip because it has a deeper socket.
C)At the shoulder,the humerus articulates with the clavicle.
D)Palm up to palm down movement is permitted by the pivot joint between the ulna and the humerus.
E)The hinge joint of the knee is between the femur and fibula.
F)Both the shoulder and hip joints are surrounded by muscles that help provide stability and prevent dislocation.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of red bone marrow (RBM)and blood cells (Select all that apply)?
A)RBM is found in the diaphyses of long bones.
B)RBM is the body's primary hemopoietic tissue.
C)All of the body's red blood cells are produced in the RBM.
D)RBM is found in the compact bone of flat bones.
E)Platelets are produced in the RBM and are important for blood clotting.
F)White blood cells are not produced in the RBM,but rather by the liver.
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Chapter 7:The Skeletal System-Part B
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Q1) The metacarpal of the thumb and the adjacent carpal form a(n)_________________ joint.
Q2) The bone surfaces in a synovial joint are smooth because of the presence of
Q3) The vertebrae in the neck are called __________________ vertebrae,and there are ________ of them.
Q4) The human spine has two sets of fused vertebrae; these are the _______________ and the __________________.
Q5) The glenoid fossa and the acetabulum are both part of ________________________ joints.
Q6) The embryonic humerus and femur are both made of _________________________.
Q7) The mandible and temporal bone form a(n)________________________ joint.
Q8) Calcium and phosphorus are nutrients necessary to become part of the bone ____________.
Q9) The mastoid sinus is in the ____________________ bone,and opens into the _________________________ cavity.
Q11) The parts of the sternum are the __________________,the body,and the Page 23
Q10) The hip joint is formed by the _________________ and _________________________.
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Page 24
Chapter 7:The Skeletal System-Part C
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Q1) Which statement is true of the cells of bone?
A)Osteocytes regulate the calcium metabolism of adult bones.
B)Osteoblasts blast away old bone when repair is needed.
C)Both A and B.
D)Both A and B,and osteoclasts produce new bone matrix.
Q2) Which statement is NOT true of the periosteum of a bone?
A)It covers a bone.
B)It lines a bone.
C)It anchors tendons.
D)It anchors ligaments.
Q3) An example of a pivot joint is the:
A)axis and atlas
B)ulna and radius
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and the tibia and fibula
Q4) Which statement is NOT true of the shoulder and hip joints?
A)The scapula has a deeper socket than does the hip bone.
B)Both are ball-and-socket joints.
C)The hip joint is a weight-bearing joint,but the shoulder is not.
D)Both involve a long bone and a flat bone with a depression.
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Chapter 8:The Muscular System-Part A
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Q1) Which of the following statements are true of muscle tone (Select all that apply)?
A)Good tone improves coordination.
B)It is a state of slight contraction.
C)The parietal lobes regulate skeletal muscle tone.
D)It is independent of nerve impulses except in stress situations.
E)The total muscle tone of the body produces a significant amount of body heat.
F)In a cold environment,decreased muscle tone is often felt as shivering.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the locations and functions of muscles (Select all that apply)?
A)The semispinalis capitis flexes the head and neck.
B)The hamstring group extends the thigh.
C)The trapezius raises the shoulder.
D)The teres major flexes the upper arm.
E)The gastrocnemius dorsiflexes the foot.
F)The rectus abdominis flexes the vertebral column.
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Chapter 8:The Muscular System-Part B
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Q1) Exercise that involves contraction with movement is called _____________________.
Q2) The muscle attached to the mandible that raises the lower jaw is the __________________.
Q3) During exercise,there is more blood within muscles because of ______________________ within the muscles.
Q4) The muscle in the inguinal area that flexes the thigh is the ___________________________.
Q5) The organ system that is moved by muscles is the _______________________ system.
Q6) During polarization,the muscle fiber has a _______________ charge outside the membrane and a ___________________ charge inside.
Q7) The organ system that carries carbon dioxide away from contracting muscles is the __________________________ system.
Q8) The muscle on the chest that flexes and adducts the arm is the ________________________.
Q9) In the neuromuscular junction,the _________________________ is the membrane of the muscle fiber.
27
Q10) The more movable attachment of a muscle to a bone is called the
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Chapter 8:The Muscular System-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The structure that connects a muscle to a bone is called a:
A)fascia
B)ligament
C)tendon
D)myofibril
Q2) Two muscles may be called synergists if:
A)they have the same function
B)they are in the same part of the body
C)they have opposite functions
D)one contracts while the other relaxes
Q3) In the neuromuscular junction,the end of the motor neuron is called the:
A)synapse
B)axon terminal
C)sarcolemma
D)sarcomere
Q4) The function of the orbicularis oris is to:
A)pucker the lips
B)lower the jaw
C)raise the jaw
D)pull the lips back
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Chapter 9:The Nervous System-Part A
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Q1) The part of the brain with centers for visual and auditory reflexes is the
Q2) The white matter of the spinal cord is made of the _____________________ of interneurons.
Q3) The __________________________ division of the autonomic nervous system dilates the bronchioles and increases heart rate.
Q4) Depolarization means that ___________________ ions enter the neuron,and the outside of the membrane now has a(n)_____________________ charge.
Q5) The cranial nerve pair that is motor to shoulder muscles is the _______________________.
Q6) The cranial nerve pair that is sensory for smell is the ________________________.
Q7) The cranial nerve pair that decreases heart rate is the _________________________.
Q8) The parts of the brain concerned with equilibrium and keeping us upright are the _______________________ and ______________________.
Q9) Sensory neurons carry impulses from __________________ to the ___________________.
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Chapter 9:The Nervous System-Part B
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Q1) Which of the following statements are true of neurons (Select all that apply)?
A)Sensory neurons carry impulses from the CNS to receptors.
B)A group of neuron axons in the PNS is called a nerve.
C)Interneurons are found only in the spinal cord.
D)Motor neurons may also be called afferent neurons.
E)A single neuron can be both sensory and motor.
F)The part of a neuron that carries the electrical impulse is the cell membrane.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (Select all that apply)?
A)Its other name is cervicalsacral.
B)It dominates in nonstressful situations.
C)Its neurotransmitters are acetylcholine and norepinephrine.
D)Its ganglia are near or in the visceral effectors.
E)It promotes normal urination and defecation.
F)It constricts the pupils of the eyes.
G)It causes vasodilation in skeletal muscles.
H)It slows digestion to conserve energy.
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Chapter 9:The Nervous System-Part C
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Q1) The part of the cerebrum that connects the cerebral hemispheres is the:
A)corpus callosum
B)basal ganglia
C)frontal lobe
D)parietal lobe
Q2) The two parts of the brain that regulate breathing are the:
A)cerebrum and cerebellum
B)thalamus and hypothalamus
C)medulla and pons
D)hypothalamus and cerebrum
Q3) Which cranial nerve pair is NOT paired with its correct function?
A)acoustic - equilibrium
B)glossopharyngeal - secretion of saliva
C)olfactory - sense of smell
D)abducens - moves the shoulder muscles
Q4) A spinal nerve has:
A)two roots to the spinal cord
B)both sensory and motor neurons
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and some have interneurons
32
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Chapter 10:The Senses-Part A
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Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the cutaneous senses (Select all that apply)?
A)Most of the receptors are in the epidermis.
B)The receptors for pain,touch,and temperature are encapsulated nerve endings.
C)The sensitivity of an area of skin depends on how close the receptors are to the surface.
D)Irritating substances in the skin can trigger itch or pain sensations.
E)Adaptation occurs with the senses of touch and pressure.
F)Contrast is an important aspect of cutaneous temperature sense.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the physiology of vision (Select all that apply)?
A)Cones are the receptors for color and are most numerous in the optic disc.
B)The lens adjusts for distant vision,and the cornea adjusts for near vision.
C)For near vision,the pupils dilate and the eyes converge.
D)The optic chiasma is a crossing of optic nerve fibers that contributes to binocular vision.
E)The visual areas are in the occipital lobes of the cerebrum.
F)Rods are most numerous at the periphery of the retina.
G)The optic tracts for visual impulses include the thalamus and midbrain.
H)Adaptation occurs with the sense of sight,but after-images do not.
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Chapter 10:The Senses-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The photoreceptors in the retina are the _______________ and _________________.
Q2) The _____________________ glands produce tears.
Q3) The cutaneous receptors for pain,itch,heat,and cold are ______________________ endings.
Q4) The chemoreceptors for the sense of taste detect chemicals dissolved in ______________.
Q5) The receptors that respond to gravity are located in the ___________________ and ______________________ of the inner ear.
Q6) The membranes that line the eyelids are the ____________________________.
Q7) The optic nerve passes through the eyeball at a site called the ______________________.
Q8) Pain that originates in an internal organ but is felt as cutaneous pain is called ______________________.
Q9) The parts of the eye that refract light rays,in order,are the ____________________,aqueous humor,___________________,and vitreous humor.
Q10) The sensory area for the sense of taste is in the ___________________________ lobe. Page 34
Q11) The chemical ____________________ in rods breaks down when light strikes it.
Q12) Unconscious muscle sense is used to promote good _________________________.
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Chapter 10:The Senses-Part C
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The part of the eye that contracts to change the shape of the lens is the:
A)iris
B)cornea
C)ciliary muscle
D)optic nerve
Q2) The auditory bones,in the order in which they vibrate,are the:
A)stapes,malleus,incus
B)malleus,incus,stapes
C)incus,malleus,stapes
D)malleus,stapes,incus
Q3) The only part of the eye that is adjustable for the refraction (focusing)of light rays is the:
A)vitreous humor
B)lens
C)cornea
D)iris
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36
Chapter 11:The Endocrine System-Part A
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13 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the stimuli for secretion of hormones (Select all that apply)?
A)Hyperglycemia stimulates secretion of insulin.
B)Hypocalcemia stimulates secretion of PTH.
C)Decreased sodium in the body stimulates secretion of aldosterone.
D)ACTH stimulates secretion of cortisol.
E)Increased metabolic rate stimulates secretion of thyroxine.
F)Sympathetic impulses stimulate secretion of epinephrine.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of aldosterone (Select all that apply)?
A)It is secreted by the adrenal cortex.
B)It increases the reabsorption of K+ ions by the kidneys.
C)It increases the excretion of Na+ ions by the kidneys.
D)Normal secretion helps maintain normal blood volume because water is reabsorbed by the kidneys.
E)In the absence of aldosterone,blood pressure will rise to dangerous levels.
F)Normal secretion helps prevent blood pH from rising too high.
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Chapter 11:The Endocrine System-Part B
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83 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The hormone that stimulates milk production is ______________________ from the ______________________ gland.
Q2) Secretion of thyroxine is stimulated by __________________ from the _____________________ gland.
Q3) The function of aldosterone is to increase renal reabsorption of ___________________ ions and excretion of ____________________ ions.
Q4) The direct stimulus for secretion of ADH is ___________________________.
Q5) When blood pressure decreases,secretion of aldosterone is stimulated by the ________________________________ mechanism.
Q6) The hormone that causes contractions of the uterus is ______________________,which is secreted by the ____________________________ gland.
Q7) Secretion of cortisol is stimulated by _________________ from the ______________________ gland.
Q8) The hormone that conserves glucose for use by the brain is ______________________.
Q9) The hormones necessary for growth of the endometrium are _____________________ and _________________________.
Q10) The target organs of calcitonin are _________________________.
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Chapter 11:The Endocrine System-Part C
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104 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Oxytocin and ADH are both secreted by the:
A)ovaries
B)anterior pituitary gland
C)posterior pituitary gland
D)adrenal glands
Q2) Which hormone is paired with its correct stimulus for secretion?
A)growth hormone - GSH
B)thyroxine - TRH
C)estrogen - LH
D)cortisol - ACTH
Q3) Which of these hormones is NOT regulated by a hormone from the anterior pituitary gland?
A)thyroxine
B)cortisol
C)testosterone
D)epinephrine
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Chapter 12:Blood-Part A
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11 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of chemical blood clotting (Select all that apply)?
A)Many of the clotting factors are produced by the liver,but some are produced by the spleen.
B)Fibrinogen is changed to fibrin in stage 1 of clotting.
C)Calcium ions are needed for all three stages of clotting.
D)Prothrombin activator changes thrombin to prothrombin.
E)The actual clot is made of fibrin.
F)The purpose of clot retraction is to create a smaller area to be repaired.
G)The purpose of fibrinolysis is to strengthen a newly formed clot.
H)The endothelium of blood vessels is smooth and helps prevent abnormal clotting.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of blood disorders (Select all that apply)?
A)Thrombocytopenia is a deficiency of platelets,and may lead to bleeding episodes.
B)Leukemia is an excess of WBCs,but the WBCs are not functional.
C)Anemia is a deficiency of RBCs or of hemoglobin.
D)A deficiency of WBCs is leukocytosis.
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Chapter 12:Blood-Part B
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82 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The kind of WBC that differentiates into a macrophage is the
Q2) As a consequence of a mismatched blood transfusion,the most serious damage occurs in the ________________________ because of the circulating ______________________________.
Q3) Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> is necessary for RBC formation for the synthesis of ____________________ in the ____________________ cells.
Q4) In RBC formation,iron and protein are necessary nutrients because they become part of __________________________.
Q5) The primary hemopoietic tissue is _______________________________.
Q6) The vitamin necessary for chemical clotting is ________________.
Q7) The plasma protein that pulls tissue fluid into capillaries is ______________________.
Q8) The kind of WBC that recognizes foreign antigens is the ____________________________.
Q9) If less carbon dioxide is carried by the blood,the pH of the blood will __________________.
41
Q10) The Rh blood group has two major types; these are ______________________ and _______________________.
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Chapter 12:Blood-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The kind of WBC that is a significant phagocyte of pathogens is the:
A)lymphocyte
B)eosinophil
C)neutrophil
D)basophil
Q2) Which statement is NOT true of chemical clotting?
A)Damaged tissues and platelets contribute to the formation of prothrombin activator.
B)Clotting factors are synthesized by the liver.
C)A rough surface in a vessel is the stimulus for clotting.
D)The clot itself is made of fibrinogen,and calcium is necessary for clot formation.
Q3) Which statement is NOT true of a person with type B negative blood?
A)The RBCs have B antigens.
B)The RBCs have no Rh antigen.
C)The plasma contains anti-B antibodies.
D)The plasma contains anti-A antibodies.
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Chapter 13:The Heart-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the reflex arc for heart rate and blood pressure (Select all that apply)?
A)A drop in blood pressure is the stimulus to increase heart rate.
B)The receptors for this reflex are pressoreceptors located in the femoral artery.
C)The CNS center for this reflex is in the spinal cord.
D)The effector of this reflex is the myocardium.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the great vessels of the heart (Select all that apply)?
A)The pulmonary artery takes blood from the left ventricle to the lungs.
B)The superior vena cava returns blood from the upper body to the right atrium.
C)The inferior vena cava returns blood from the lower body to the left atrium.
D)The aorta takes blood from the right ventricle to the body.
E)The pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood from the lungs to both atria.
F)There are two caval veins and four pulmonary veins.
Q3)
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43
Chapter 13:The Heart-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The sensory nerves for the carotid sinus and body are the _____________________ nerves.
Q2) The part of the heart that initiates each beat is the ________________________,which is located in the ________________________.
Q3) The innermost of the pericardial membranes is the ______________________ pericardium.
Q4) To calculate cardiac output,multiply _______________ times
Q5) The ___________________________ emerges from the right ventricle and takes blood to the ___________________________.
Q6) The heart is directly superior to the ________________________ and is medial to the _______________________.
Q7) The heart is ____________________ to the diaphragm and _______________ to the lungs.
Q8) In the cardiac cycle,all blood from the ventricles to the arteries must be
Q10) The heart rate is increased by impulses carried by _____________________ Page 44
Q9) The function of the serous fluid of the pericardial membranes is to
Q11) The term systole means ________________________ of the heart chambers.
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Chapter 13:The Heart-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) The pericardial membranes,in order beginning with the outermost,are the:
A)visceral,fibrous,parietal
B)fibrous,parietal,visceral
C)parietal,visceral,fibrous
D)fibrous,visceral,parietal
Q2) The superior and inferior caval veins return blood from the ___ to the ___.
A)body/right atrium
B)lungs/right atrium
C)body/left atrium
D)lungs/left atrium
Q3) An athlete has a resting cardiac output of 4400 mL.What are the pulse and stroke volume?
A)35 bpm and 100 mL
B)38 bpm and 105 mL
C)40 bpm and 105 mL
D)40 bpm and 110 mL
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Chapter 14:The Vascular System-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the maintenance of blood pressure (BP)(Select all that apply)?
A)If more blood returns to the heart,the ventricles contract more forcefully to pump it out,and this raises BP.
B)The hormone ADH helps the kidneys conserve water,and helps prevent a decrease in BP.
C)The elasticity of the large arteries helps decrease diastolic BP.
D)If BP decreases,filtration in the kidneys decreases.
E)Aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of Na+ ions by the kidneys,which lowers BP.
F)If BP decreases,the kidneys secrete the enzyme renin,which stimulates the secretion of epinephrine to prevent a further decrease.
G)Norepinephrine stimulates vasoconstriction in skin,viscera,and skeletal muscles,all of which lower BP.
H)The hormone ANP increases the excretion of K+ ions by the kidneys,which helps conserve water and raise BP.
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Chapter 14:The Vascular System-Part B
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90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One purpose of portal circulation is to enable the liver to receive glucose absorbed by the _________________________ and store the excess as _______________________.
Q2) In capillaries,oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between blood and tissues by the process of _____________________.
Q3) In fetal circulation,the ________________________ permits blood to flow from the pulmonary artery to the aorta.
Q4) Capillaries carry blood from ___________________ to _______________________.
Q5) In fetal circulation,the foramen ovale permits blood to flow from the __________________ to the _______________________.
Q6) When vasodilation is needed to lower BP,the arteries receive fewer ____________________ impulses.
Q7) When vasoconstriction is needed to raise BP,the arteries receive more _______________________ impulses.
Q8) In hepatic portal circulation,blood from the ___________________ and the _______________ flows through the _________________ before returning to the heart.
48
Q9) In pulmonary circulation,blood is pumped to the lungs by the ________________________.
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Chapter 14:The Vascular System-Part C
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110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The tissues of the wall of an artery or vein,in order from innermost to outermost,are:
A)smooth muscle,simple squamous epithelium,elastic connective tissue
B)simple squamous epithelium,smooth muscle,fibrous connective tissue
C)fibrous connective tissue,smooth muscle,simple squamous epithelium
D)smooth muscle,fibrous connective tissue,elastic connective tissue
Q2) The fetal structure that permits blood to flow from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava is the:
A)foramen magnum
B)foramen ovale
C)ductus venosus
D)ductus arteriosus
Q3) Which statement is NOT true of the circle of Willis?
A)It is an arterial anastomosis.
B)The vertebral arteries contribute to it.
C)It ensures a sufficient blood supply to the brain.
D)The external carotid arteries contribute to it.
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9 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of vaccines (Select all that apply)?
A)Vaccines contain antigens to stimulate antibody production.
B)A vaccine antigen may be a pathogen that has been killed or attenuated.
C)A vaccine antigen may be part of a pathogen or a toxoid.
D)The purpose of a vaccine is to take the place of a first exposure to a pathogen.
E)A vaccine stimulates the creation of memory cells (T or B or both)to a specific antigen.
F)On a second exposure to a pathogen,antibody production has a lag period,then IgG production follows IgA production.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of lymph nodes and lymph nodules (Select all that apply)?
A)Lymph nodules are found in all mucous membranes.
B)Lymph nodes are found along the pathways of lymph vessels.
C)Both nodes and nodules contain macrophages and lymphocytes.
D)The tonsils and Peyer's patches are the lymphatic tissue of the pharynx.
E)Two of the most important paired groups of lymph nodes are the axillary and the inguinal nodes.
F)Within nodes and nodules,antibodies are produced by IG cells.
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Chapter 15:The Lymphatic System and Immunity-Part B
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Virus diseases of plants do not affect people because people have _____________________ immunity to them.
Q2) A vaccine stimulates production of _________________ and ___________________.
Q3) Lymph from the lower half and upper left quadrant of the body drains into the ______________________.
Q4) The cells of innate immunity that produce histamine and leukotrienes are the ________________________ and __________________________.
Q5) In adaptive immunity,the _____________________ T cells remember a specific foreign antigen.
Q6) In adaptive immunity,the process of complement fixation is activated by a(n)________________________________________.
Q7) The lymphocytes that are produced by the thymus are called ________________________.
Q8) In adaptive immunity,a virus with antibodies attached is likely to be ____________________ by a(n)__________________________.
Q9) The vessel that empties lymph into the right subclavian vein is the _____________________.
Page 52
Q10) Blood plasma becomes tissue fluid by the process of
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Chapter 15:The Lymphatic System and Immunity-Part C
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The lymphocytes that help destroy many kinds of foreign antigens by disrupting their cell membranes are the:
A)helper T cells
B)plasma cells
C)memory B cells
D)natural killer cells
Q2) The function of lymph nodules is to destroy pathogens that:
A)enter the body through breaks in the skin
B)enter the body through natural openings such as the nose
C)are in lymph from the arms and legs
D)are in lymph from the head and neck
Q3) An injection of gamma globulins provides:
A)artificially acquired passive immunity
B)naturally acquired passive immunity
C)naturally acquired active immunity
D)artificially acquired active immunity
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Chapter 16:The Respiratory System-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the alveoli and pulmonary capillaries (Select all that apply)?
A)Blood coming into the pulmonary capillaries is low in O2 and high in CO2.
B)The alveolar walls are one cell in thickness.
C)The total alveoli provide a large surface area for gas exchange.
D)The pulmonary capillaries are made of simple squamous epithelium.
E)Type II alveolar cells secrete pulmonary surfactant to increase the osmosis of gases.
F)Blood leaving the pulmonary capillaries will return to the left atrium of the heart.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the upper respiratory tract (Select all that apply)?
A)The stratified squamous epithelium of the nasal mucosa is a good barrier to pathogens.
B)The nasopharynx and oropharynx are air passages only.
C)The tonsils are the lymphatic tissue of the pharynx.
D)The nasal mucosa warms and moistens inhaled air.
E)The conchae increase the surface area of the nasopharynx.
F)The laryngopharynx opens into the larynx and the esophagus.
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55
Chapter 16:The Respiratory System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The function of the epiglottis is to cover the _______________________ during
Q2) The bronchioles can constrict or dilate because of the _________________________ tissue in their walls.
Q3) The bones that increase the surface of the nasal mucosa are the _______________________.
Q4) Two functions of the nasal mucosa are to ___________________ the incoming air and add ___________________________.
Q5) The trachea extends from the ___________________ to the ___________________________.
Q6) Hypoxia is a stimulus for the breathing rate to _______________________ in order to __________________________.
Q7) In internal respiration,the PCO<sub>2</sub> in the blood is _______________,and the PCO<sub>2</sub> in the tissues is _______________.
Q8) In external respiration,the PO? in the alveoli is ________________,and the PO? in the surrounding blood is ________________.
Q9) The serous membrane that covers the lungs is the _______________________________.
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Chapter 16:The Respiratory System-Part C
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122 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The importance of the tissue fluid that lines the alveoli is that it:
A)prevents friction
B)permits sliding
C)decreases surface tension
D)permits diffusion of gases
Q2) The muscles of inhalation are the:
A)diaphragm and external intercostals contracting
B)diaphragm relaxing and external intercostals contracting
C)diaphragm and internal intercostals contracting
D)diaphragm relaxing and internal intercostals contracting
Q3) In internal respiration,the partial pressures are:
A)capillaries: low PO<sub>2</sub>,high PCO<sub>2</sub>; tissue fluid: low PO<sub>2</sub>,high PCO<sub>2</sub>
B)capillaries: high PO<sub>2</sub>,low PCO<sub>2</sub>; tissue fluid: low PO<sub>2</sub>,high PCO<sub>2</sub>
C)capillaries: low PO<sub>2</sub>,high PCO<sub>2</sub>; tissue fluid: high PO<sub>2</sub>,low PCO<sub>2</sub>
D)capillaries: high PO<sub>2</sub>,low PCO<sub>2</sub>; tissue fluid: high PO<sub>2</sub>,low PCO<sub>2</sub>
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Page 57
Chapter 17:The Digestive System-Part A
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12 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the end products of digestion (Select all that apply)?
A)Proteins are digested to amino acids.
B)Starches are digested to glucose and glycerol.
C)Fatty acids are an end product of the digestion of triglycerides.
D)Capillary networks in the villi of the small intestine absorb amino acids,monosaccharides,and water.
E)Lacteals in the villi absorb fat-soluble vitamins; bile salts are necessary.
F)Capillary networks in the villi absorb water-soluble vitamins,and the intrinsic factor is necessary for vitamin B<sub>6</sub>.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the pharynx and esophagus (Select all that apply)?
A)Peristalsis of the esophagus is part of the swallowing reflex.
B)The oropharynx and laryngopharynx are passageways for both food and air (at different times).
C)The lower esophageal sphincter (LES)is usually contracted,except when something is swallowed.
D)No digestion takes place in the pharynx or esophagus.
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Chapter 17:The Digestive System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) Secretion of pancreatic enzymes is stimulated by the hormone _________________________,and secretion of bicarbonates is stimulated by the hormone ____________________________.
Q2) Backup of food from the stomach to the esophagus is prevented by the __________________________.
Q3) Chewing is an example of ________________________ digestion.
Q4) The enzymes produced by the small intestine complete the digestion of ___________________ and __________________________.
Q5) The ________________________ of a tooth provides the chewing surface,and is made of ___________________________.
Q6) Fats are digested by digestive secretions from the ________________ and the __________________.
Q7) The end products of protein digestion are ________________________.
Q8) The common bile duct opens into the _________________________ of the small intestine.
Q9) The macrophages of the liver are called _______________________,and their function is ____________________________.
Page 59
Q10) In gastric juice,pepsin is activated by __________________________.
Q11) The function of the gallbladder is to ______________ and _________________ bile.
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Chapter 17:The Digestive System-Part C
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162 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The part of a tooth that provides a hard chewing surface is the:
A)enamel
B)pulp cavity
C)periodontal membrane
D)dentine
Q2) In the small intestine,the plica circulares are ___ of the ___.
A)folds/mucosa and submucosa
B)glands/submucosa
C)folds/serosa
D)glands/mucosa
Q3) The part of the colon that surrounds the anus is the:
A)anal canal
B)ascending colon
C)descending colon
D)cecum
Q4) The purpose of mechanical digestion is to:
A)change complex food molecules into simpler ones
B)change simple food molecules into complex ones
C)use food for energy production
D)break food into smaller pieces with more surface area
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Chapter 18:Body Temperature and Metabolism-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the stages of cell respiration (Select all that apply)?
A)Glycolysis takes place in the mitochondria.
B)The enzymes for the Krebs citric acid cycle are in the cytoplasm of the cell.
C)The cytochromes of the electron transport system are in the mitochondria.
D)Oxygen is required for the Krebs cycle,but not for glycolysis.
E)Oxygen is required for the electron transport chain,but not for the Krebs cycle.
F)Oxygen is required for the Krebs cycle but not for the electron transport chain or for glycolysis.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the synthesis uses of food molecules (Select all that apply)?
A)Amino acids may be used to synthesize the non-essential amino acids.
B)Glucose is used to synthesize glycogen for energy storage.
C)Glycerol is used to synthesize phospholipids for cell membranes.
D)Acetyl groups from the beta-oxidation of fatty acids are used to synthesize cholesterol.
E)Amino acids are used to synthesize proteins.
F)Glucose is used to synthesize the heptose sugars for DNA and RNA.
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Page 62
Chapter 18:Body Temperature and Metabolism-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) A substance that causes a fever is called a(n)__________________________.
Q2) In cell respiration the molecular product that is a waste product is _________________________.
Q3) A high fever may cause brain damage because proteins become _____________________.
Q4) In a cold environment,the arterioles in the dermis will ______________________ in order to ___________________________ heat.
Q5) A dessert consists of 12 grams of carbohydrates,6 grams of protein,and 40 grams of fat,which is ____________________ total calories.
Q6) In the cell respiration of a molecule of glucose,the carbons end up in ________________________,the hydrogens end up in _____________________,and the oxygens end up in
Q7) Vasoconstriction in the dermis will _______________________ the flow of blood near the body surface and thereby __________________ the loss of heat.
Q8) The collective term for all of the decomposition reactions within the body is
Q9) Vasodilation in the dermis will ___________________ the loss of heat.
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Q10) The kilocalorie is the unit of measure for the __________________ of foods.
Chapter 18:Body Temperature and Metabolism-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) Basal metabolic rate means the energy production:
A)that is standard for all people of the same age
B)that is standard for all people of the same weight
C)when the body is at rest
D)when there is maximum energy production
Q2) When the humidity is high,___ is not an effective mechanism of heat loss.
A)vasoconstriction
B)vasodilation
C)sweating
D)convection
Q3) Vasodilation in the dermis is NOT an effective heat-loss mechanism when:
A)the atmospheric humidity is high
B)the atmospheric humidity is low
C)the environmental temperature is warmer than body temperature
D)the environmental temperature is colder than body temperature
Q4) Vitamin K is necessary for:
A)blood clotting
B)synthesis of insulin
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and for synthesis of melanin
64
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Chapter 19:The Urinary System-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the ureter,urinary bladder,and urethra (Select all that apply)?
A)Peristalsis of the ureters is the function of their smooth muscle.
B)The spherical detrusor muscle is smooth muscle that forms the wall of the bladder.
C)In men,the urethra passes through the prostate gland and penis.
D)The internal urethral sphincter is striated muscle at the junction of the bladder and urethra.
E)The transitional epithelium of the bladder absorbs water to concentrate the urine. f.The external urethral sphincter is striated muscle that is under parasympathetic control.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the urination reflex (Select all that apply)?
A)This is a flexor reflex over which we may exert voluntary control.
B)The effector of the reflex is the detrusor muscle,which contracts.
C)The stimulus for the reflex is stretching of the external urethral sphincter.
D)The part of the CNS directly involved in the reflex is the spinal cord.
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Chapter 19:The Urinary System-Part B
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Sample Questions
Q1) The renal fascia is made of ____________________ tissue and its function is to ____________________.
Q2) In the kidneys,the hormone that directly increases the reabsorption of water is ______________________.
Q3) The kidneys respond to increased alkalinity of the blood by retaining ________________ ions.
Q4) The urinary bladder is posterior to the ________________________ bones.
Q5) If aldosterone secretion decreases,more ______________________ ions will be present in urine and more ________________________ ions will remain in the blood.
Q6) The normal pH range of urine is ____________ to ______________.
Q7) In men,the urinary bladder is directly superior to the ___________________________.
Q8) The kidneys respond to increased acidity of the blood by excreting more _____________ ions in order to ______________ the pH of the blood.
Q9) In the proximal convoluted tubule,the surface area of the cells is increased by the presence of _____________________________.
Q10) Normal urinary output per 24 hours is _________ to _________ liters.
Q11) In women,the urinary bladder is _________________________ to the uterus. Page 66
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Chapter 19:The Urinary System-Part C
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Q1) In the kidneys,the process of tubular secretion enables the tubules to put substances into the:
A)blood to be excreted
B)filtrate to be retained in the body
C)blood to be retained in the body
D)filtrate to be excreted
Q2) In the kidney,blood pressure in the glomerulus is high because:
A)the efferent arteriole has a smaller diameter than the afferent arteriole
B)the efferent arteriole has a larger diameter than the afferent arteriole
C)the afferent arteriole is a direct branch of the inferior vena cava
D)the efferent arteriole is a direct branch of the abdominal aorta
Q3) A measure of the dissolved material in urine is its:
A)color
B)pH
C)odor
D)specific gravity
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Chapter 20:Fluid Electrolyte and Acid Base Balance-Part
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Q1) Which of the following statements are true of electrolytes (Select all that apply)?
A)The major cation in tissue fluid is sodium,and the major anion is chloride.
B)Potassium is the major cation in intracellular fluid,and phosphate and proteins are the major anions.
C)The major anion in plasma is chloride,and the major cation is sodium.
D)Calcium and magnesium are anions needed for normal bone growth.
E)Osmotic pressure in body fluids is created mainly by sodium,potassium,chloride,and phosphate ions.
F)The presence of electrolytes in a water compartment determines whether that compartment will gain or lose water.
G)Sulfate cations are an essential part of some proteins.
H)Calcium ions are essential for blood clotting.
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Chapter 20:Fluid Electrolyte and Acid Base Balance-Part B
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Q1) The pH-regulating mechanism that has the greatest capacity to buffer an ongoing pH imbalance is the _________________________.
Q2) Tissue fluid becomes intracellular fluid by the process of ________________________.
Q3) An amino acid acts as an acid in body fluids when the _____________________ group gives off a
Q4) In tissue fluid,the major cation is ______________________ and the major anion is _________________________.
Q5) The pH-regulating mechanisms,in order from most rapid to slowest,are the ________________,_____________________________,and ________________________.
Q6) The hormone that increases reabsorption of water by the kidneys following reabsorption of sodium ions is _______________________________.
Q7) Blood plasma becomes tissue fluid by the process of ___________________________.
Q8) The bicarbonate buffer system will buffer a strong base by forming a(n)____________________ and _______________________.
Q9) The electrolytes that are part of bones and teeth are ________________________ and ___________________________. Page 70
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Chapter 20:Fluid Electrolyte and Acid Base Balance-Part
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Q1) The movement of water through a membrane to an area with more dissolved material is called:
A)osmosis
B)filtration
C)facilitated diffusion
D)active transport
Q2) When an amino acid's carboxyl group donates a hydrogen ion to a body fluid,it is acting as:
A)an acid
B)a base
C)both of these
D)neither of these,because there is no effect on pH
Q3) A hormone that will maintain or increase blood volume is:
A)aldosterone
B)ADH
C)both A and B
D)both A and B,and ANP
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Page 72
Chapter 21:The Reproductive Systems-Part A
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Q1) Which of the following statements are true of the mammary glands (Select all that apply)?
A)The lactiferous ducts converge at the nipple.
B)The lactiferous glands are cushioned by adipose tissue.
C)During pregnancy,both estrogen and progesterone contribute to the growth of the mammary glands in preparation for milk production.
D)After pregnancy,oxytocin from the anterior pituitary stimulates the release of milk.
E)Milk production is stimulated by prolactin from the posterior pituitary gland.
F)Besides nutrients,breast milk also contains antibodies that provide passive immunity for a newborn.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the vagina and vulva (Select all that apply)?
A)The vagina is also the birth canal.
B)The labia majora and minora cover the urethral and vaginal openings and prevent drying of their mucous membranes.
C)The clitoris is a sensory organ for sexual arousal.
D)The secretion of Bartholin's glands helps facilitate the movement of an ovum.
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Page 73
Chapter 21:The Reproductive Systems-Part B
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Q1) The hormone that promotes the growth of the corpus luteum from the ruptured ovarian follicle is _______________________.
Q2) In spermatogenesis,the hormone that decreases the secretion of FSH is _________________.
Q3) The process of meiosis in the testes is called _______________________,and each cell produces _________ functional sperm cell(s).
Q4) The __________________________ cells of the testes produce inhibin.
Q5) The uterus is _____________________ to the urinary bladder.
Q6) The female external genital structure that has an important sensory function is the __________________________.
Q7) Human milk contains the carbohydrate ___________________ as a nutrient.
Q8) In the menstrual cycle,the loss of the endometrium is stimulated by a decrease in the hormone ___________________________.
Q9) The ____________________________ secrete mucus at the vaginal orifice.
Q10) The lining of the uterus is the ________________________,and its growth depends on the hormones _______________________ and __________________________.
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Q11) The fimbriae of a fallopian tube enclose the __________________________.
Chapter 21:The Reproductive Systems-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) An average menstrual cycle lasts approximately:
A)22 days
B)28 days
C)32 days
D)38 days
Q2) In the menstrual cycle,the ovum matures during the:
A)menstrual phase
B)follicular phase
C)luteal phase
D)functional phase
Q3) In the testes,testosterone is produced by the:
A)seminiferous tubules
B)interstitial cells
C)sustentacular cells
D)rete testis
Q4) A fallopian tube extends from the ___ medially to the ___ laterally.
A)ovary/uterus
B)uterus/ovary
C)ovary/cervix
D)cervix/ovary
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Chapter 22:Human Development and Genetics-Part A
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Q1) Which of the following statements are true of multiple allele inheritance (Select all that apply)?
A)More than two alleles for the trait exist,but an individual will have only two of them.
B)At least one of the alleles will be dominant over another.
C)A child may have a phenotype that is different from that of both parents.
D)A child may have a genotype that is different from that of both parents.
E)The human ABO blood group has three alleles and four possible blood types.
F)In the ABO group,the recessive phenotype is the most frequent in the human population.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of the primary germ layers of the embryo (Select all that apply)?
A)The ectoderm gives rise to the nervous system.
B)Mesoderm forms most of the liver and pancreas.
C)Bones come primarily from endoderm.
D)The lungs are epithelial tissue from the ectoderm.
E)The stomach lining is an inside surface,and is of endodermal origin.
F)Most organs have tissues from all three germ layers.
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Chapter 22:Human Development and Genetics-Part B
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Q1) The embryonic membrane that forms the fetal part of the placenta is the
Q2) In order for a dominant trait to appear in a person's phenotype,the person must have _______________ gene(s)for it.
Q3) In the embryo,the three germ layers,or primary layers,are the ______________________,_______________________,and
Q4) During labor,the hormone that causes strong contractions of the uterus is ___________________.
Q5) After birth,the baby's ductus venosus _______________________,because the umbilical cord has been cut and blood no longer enters the baby from the _________________________.
Q6) Just before birth,all of the fetus's organ systems are functioning except the ________________________ system.
Q7) A pair of chromosomes that has maternal and paternal genes for the same traits is a(n)___________________ pair.
Q8) The average human gestation period is ____________ weeks.
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Q9) A human cell contains ________ (number)chromosomes,and 22 pairs of these are called _________________________.
Chapter 22:Human Development and Genetics-Part C
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Sample Questions
Q1) A person who is heterozygous for a particular trait has:
A)an extra gene (allele)
B)two similar genes (alleles)
C)only one gene (allele)
D)two different genes (alleles)
Q2) Blood is carried from the placenta to the fetus by the:
A)ductus venosus
B)umbilical vein
C)blood sinuses
D)umbilical arteries
Q3) A person's genotype for a particular trait refers to the:
A)genes that are present
B)genes that are absent
C)expression or appearance of the trait
D)possibility that the genes will be passed to children
Q4) A human cell contains how many pairs of autosomes?
A)22 pairs
B)23 pairs
C)44 pairs
D)46 pairs
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Chapter 1:An Introduction to Microbiology and Human
Disease-Part A
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bacteria that might normally be killed by heat may survive if they are able to form:
A)capsules
B)proteins
C)spores
D)toxins
Q2) A disease such as tetanus,which is acquired by soil contamination of a wound,is called:
A)communicable
B)contagious
C)noncommunicable
D)none of these
Q3) Which of these is a zoonosis?
A)measles
B)encephalitis
C)mumps
D)whooping cough
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Chapter 1:An Introduction to Microbiology and Human
Disease-Part B
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Q1) In women only,the acidic pH created by the normal flora of the _________________ inhibits the growth of pathogens.
Q2) Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites,which means that they must be _________________ in order to ______________________.
Q3) Mosquitoes are vectors of ___________________ and ____________________.
Q4) A person cannot acquire the West Nile virus directly from an infected person,therefore WNV in not considered ____________________________.
Q5) The vector of Lyme disease is a(n)_____________________.
Q6) The unicellular fungi are called ______________________,and they reproduce by the process of _______________________.
Q7) Fungi are present in small numbers in the skin flora,but may multiply if the skin is constantly ______________________.
Q8) A disease that people acquire from animals is called a(n)_______________________,and an example is
Page 80
Q9) The measles virus is host specific,which means that it affects only _______________ and not ___________________________.
Q10) Bacteria that are motile usually have one or more ___________________________.
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Chapter 1:An Introduction to Microbiology and Human
Disease-Part C
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Q1) Which of the following statements are true of yeasts and molds (Select all that apply)?
A)A superficial mycosis affects the skin or mucous membranes.
B)Yeasts in small numbers may be part of the resident flora of the skin or oral cavity.
C)The molds that form mycelia are not considered part of resident flora.
D)People with compromised immune systems are more susceptible to systemic mycoses.
E)Several systemic mycoses are lung infections following the inhalation of spores.
F)Molds are true pathogens in that they always cause disease whenever they are present.
Q2) Which of the following statements are true of viruses (Select all that apply)?
A)A virus has either DNA or RNA surrounding its protein core.
B)To reproduce,a virus must be within a living cell.
C)Viruses spread from person to person only by direct contact.
D)Viruses cause disease by killing the cells they reproduce within.
E)The enzymes secreted by viruses are needed for them to obtain food.
F)Some viruses require insect vectors to spread from host to host.
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