Physics 101 Textbook Exam Questions - 3319 Verified Questions

Physics 101

Textbook Exam Questions

Course Introduction

Physics 101 is an introductory course designed to familiarize students with the fundamental principles and concepts of physics. Covering topics such as mechanics, motion, energy, forces, waves, and thermodynamics, the course emphasizes problem-solving, critical thinking, and real-world application of physical laws. Through lectures, demonstrations, and laboratory experiments, students will gain a solid foundation in physics, preparing them for advanced study in the physical sciences and related fields.

Recommended Textbook

College Physics 1st Edition by Eugenia Etkina

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30 Chapters

3319 Verified Questions

3319 Flashcards

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Chapter 1: Introduction

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Sample Questions

Q1) A rectangular garden measures 15 m long and 13.70 m wide.What is the length of a diagonal from one corner of the garden to the other?

A)18 m

B)19 m

C)20 m

D)4.1 × 10² m

Answer: C

Q2) A reasonable estimate for the duration of a typical physics lecture is

A)600 s.

B)1000 s.

C)3500 s.

D)10,000 s.

Answer: C

Q3) The prefix yotta (Y)signifies a multiple of 10²⁴.How many yottameters are there in a gigameter?

Answer: 10^-15 ym

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Chapter 2: Kinematics: Motion in One Dimension

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Q1) A car is moving with a constant acceleration.At time t = 5.0 s its velocity is 8.0 m/s in the forward direction,and at time t = 8.0 s its velocity is 12.0 m/s forward.What is the distance traveled in that interval of time?

A)10 m

B)20 m

C)30 m

D)40 m

E)50 m

Answer: C

Q2) You leave on a 549-mi trip in order to attend a meeting that will start 10.8 h after you begin your trip.Along the way you plan to stop for dinner.If the fastest you can safely drive is 65 mi/h,what is the longest time you can spend over dinner and still arrive just in time for the meeting?

A)2.4 h

B)2.6 h

C)1.9 h

D)You can't stop at all.

Answer: A

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Chapter 3: Newtonian Mechanics

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Sample Questions

Q1) A person is using a rope to lower a 5.0-N bucket into a well with a constant speed of 2.0 m/s.What is the magnitude of the force exerted by the rope on the bucket?

A)0.00 N

B)2.0 N

C)5.0 N

D)10 N

E)49 N

Answer: C

Q2) You are standing in a moving bus,facing forward,when you suddenly slide forward as the bus comes to an immediate stop.What force caused you to slide forward from the point of view of the observer on the ground?

A)the force that Earth exerts on you

B)the force exerted by the floor of the bus on you perpendicular to the floor

C)the force exerted by the floor of the bus parallel to the floor (the friction force)

D)There is not a force causing you to your fall.

Answer: D

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Chapter 4: Applying Newtons Laws

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Sample Questions

Q1) A projectile is launched with an initial velocity of 80 m/s at 30° above the horizontal.Neglecting air,what is horizontal component of the projectile's acceleration?

A)80 m/s²

B)40 m/s²

C)9.8 m/s²

D)0 m/s²

E)69 m/s²

Q2) A vector in the xy-plane has an x component of -7.50 units.What must be the y component of this vector so that its magnitude is 10.0 units.(Note: There are two possible answers.)

Q3) You push horizontally on a 120-N box that is initially resting on a horizontal table.The coefficient of static friction between the box and the table is 0.75,and the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.40.Find the friction force exerted on the box by the table if the push is equal to (a)84 N; (b)94 N.

Q4) A 590-kg rocket is at rest on the launch pad.What upward thrust force is needed to accelerate the rocket uniformly to an upward speed of 28 m/s in 3.3 s?

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Chapter 5: Circular Motion

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Sample Questions

Q1) You are the science officer on a visit to a distant solar system.Prior to landing on a planet you measure its diameter to be 1.8 × 10⁷ m.You have previously determined that the planet orbits 2.9 × 10¹¹ m from its star with a period of 402 earth days.Once on the surface you find that the free-fall acceleration is 19.5 m/s².What are the masses of (a)the planet and (b)the star? (G = 6.67 × 10^-11 N m²/kg²)

A)(a)2.4 kg × \(10^{25}\) kg, (b)1.2 kg × \(10^{31}\) kg

B)(a)4.3 kg × \(10^{25}\) kg, (b)1.2 kg × \(10^{31}\) kg

C)(a)2.4 kg × \(10^{25}\) kg, (b)7.1 kg × \(10 ^ { 30 }\) kg

D)(a)4.3 kg × \(10^{25}\) kg, (b)7.1 kg × \(10 ^ { 30 }\) kg

Q2) If you stood on a planet having a mass four times that of Earth's mass,and a radius two times that of Earth's radius,the gravitational force that the planet exerts on you would be

A)the same as Earth exerts on you.

B)two times more than Earth exerts on you.

C)two times less than Earth exerts on you.

D)four times more than Earth exerts on you.

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Page 7

Chapter 6: Impulse and Linear Momentum

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Sample Questions

Q1) A 1000-kg whale swims horizontally to the right at a speed of 6.0 m/s.It suddenly collides directly with a stationary seal of mass 200 kg.The seal grabs onto the whale and holds fast.What is the momentum of these two sea creatures just after their collision? You can neglect any drag effects of the water during the collision.

A)0.00 kg m/s

B)1200 kg m/s

C)2000 kg m/s

D)7200 kg m/s

E)6000 kg m/s

Q2) Two astronauts,of masses 60 kg and 80 kg,are initially right next to each other and at rest in outer space.They suddenly push each other apart.What is their separation after the heavier astronaut has moved 12 m?

A)9.0 m

B)16 m

C)21 m

D)24 m

E)28 m

Q3) What is the magnitude of the momentum of a 0.140 kg baseball traveling at 45.0 m/s?

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Page 8

Chapter 7: Work and Energy

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Sample Questions

Q1) In 1994,fragments of Comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 collided with Jupiter.Assume that these fragments came from very very far away with no initial speed,and neglect the effect of the sun.What was their speed when they neared Jupiter's surface at a distance of 71.4 × 10⁶ m from its center? Jupiter has a mass of 1.90 × 10²⁷ kg,and G = 6.67 × 10^-11 N m²/kg².

A)10,400 m/s

B)11,200 m/s

C)35,500 m/s

D)42,100 m/s

E)59,600 m/s

Q2) On a horizontal frictionless air table,a puck runs into an ideal horizontal spring that is fastened to the table.The puck compresses the spring by 15 cm before coming to rest.During the compression process,which quantities are conserved?

A)only the momentum of the puck

B)only the kinetic energy of the puck

C)only the mechanical energy (kinetic plus potential)of the puck

D)the momentum and the mechanical energy of the puck

E)the momentum and the kinetic energy of the puck

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Chapter 8: Extended Bodies at Rest

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Sample Questions

Q1) A meter stick balances at the 50.0-cm mark.If a 50.0-g object is placed at the 90.0-cm mark,the stick balances at the 61.3-cm mark.What is the mass of the meter stick?

A)127 g

B)178 g

C)89.7 g

D)32.6 g

E)73.4 g

Q2) Three objects of masses 1.0 kg,2.0 kg,and 3.0 kg,are located at (0.0 m,0.0 m),(1.0 m,1.0 m),and (2.0 m,-2.0 m),respectively.What is the location of the center of mass of this system?

A)(1.3 m, 0.67 m)

B)(1.3 m, -0.67 m)

C)(-1.3 m, 0.67 m)

D)(-1.3 m, -0.67 m)

Q3) If the sum of the external forces exerted on an object is zero,then the sum of the external torques exerted on it must also be zero.

A)True

B)False

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Page 10

Chapter 9: Rotational Motion

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Sample Questions

Q1) A disk,a hoop,and a solid sphere are released at the same time at the top of an inclined plane.They are all uniform and roll without slipping.In what order do they reach the bottom?

A)disk, hoop, sphere

B)hoop, sphere, disk

C)sphere, disk, hoop

D)sphere, hoop, disk

E)hoop, disk, sphere

Q2) A merry-go-round spins freely when Diego moves quickly to the center along a radius of the merry-go-round.As he does this,it is true to say that

A)the moment of inertia of the system decreases and the angular speed increases.

B)the moment of inertia of the system decreases and the angular speed decreases.

C)the moment of inertia of the system decreases and the angular speed remains the same.

D)the moment of inertia of the system increases and the angular speed increases. E)the moment of inertia of the system increases and the angular speed decreases.

Q3) A wheel starts from rest and has a uniform angular acceleration of 4.0 rad/s².After the wheel completes its first revolution,how long does it take for it to make its second complete revolution?

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Page 11

Chapter 10: Gases

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Sample Questions

Q1) A 100-kg person sits on a 5-kg bicycle.The force that the person exerts on the bicycle is borne equally by the two wheels of the bicycle.The tires are 2.0 cm wide and are inflated to a gauge pressure of 8.0 × 10⁵ Pa.What length of each tire is in contact with the ground?

A)1.6 cm

B)1.8 cm

C)3.2 cm

D)2.4 cm

E)6.4 cm

Q2) A temperature change of 20 C° corresponds to a Fahrenheit temperature change of A)68 F°.

B)11 F°.

C)36 F°.

D)18 F°.

Q3) Which two temperature changes are equivalent?

A)1 K = 1 F°

B)1 F° = 1 C°

C)1 C° = 1 K

D)none of the above

Q4) What is absolute zero on the (a)Celsius scale and (b)on the Fahrenheit scale?

Page 12

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Chapter 11: Static Fluids

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Sample Questions

Q1) A spherical ball of lead (density 11.3 g/cm³)is placed in a tub of mercury (density 13.6 g/cm³).Which answer best describes the result?

A)The lead ball will float with about 83% of its volume above the surface of the mercury.

B)The lead ball will float with its top exactly even with the surface of the mercury.

C)The lead ball will float with about 17% of its volume above the surface of the mercury.

D)The lead will sink to the bottom of the mercury.

Q2) An object has a volume of 4.0 m³ and weighs 40,000 N.What will its apparent weight be in water of density 1000 kg/m³ (apparent weight is the reading of a scale which supports the object)

A)40,000 N

B)39,200 N

C)9,800 N

D)800 N

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13

Chapter 12: Fluids in Motion

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Sample Questions

Q1) When you blow some air above a paper strip,the paper rises.This happens because

A)the air above the paper moves faster and the pressure is higher.

B)the air above the paper moves faster and the pressure is lower.

C)the air above the paper moves faster and the pressure remains constant.

D)the air above the paper moves slower and the pressure is higher.

E)the air above the paper moves slower and the pressure is lower.

Q2) An ideal incompressible fluid flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal pipe.If the pipe widens to twice its original radius,what is the flow speed in the wider section?

A)12 m/s

B)6.0 m/s

C)4.0 m/s

D)3.0 m/s

Q3) A hole of radius 1.0 mm forms in the bottom of a very large water storage tank that holds water to a depth of 15 m.At what volume rate will water flow out of the hole?

A)5.4 × 10^-4 m³/s

B)5.4 × 10^-5 m³/s

C)5.4 × 10^-6 m³/s

D)5.4 × 10^-7 m³/s

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14

Chapter 13: First Law of Thermodynamics

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Sample Questions

Q1) A substance has a melting point of 20°C and a heat of fusion of \(3.6 \times 10^4 \mathrm {~J} / \mathrm { kg }\) The boiling point is \(150 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C }\) and the heat of vaporization is \(7.2 \times 10^4 \mathrm {~J} / \mathrm { kg }\) at a pressure of one atmosphere.The specific heats for the solid,liquid,and gaseous phases are 600 J/kg K (solid),1000 J/kg K (liquid),and 400 J/kg K (gaseous).How much thermal energy is emitted by \(2.80 \mathrm {~kg}\) of this substance when it is cooled from 170°C to 86°C at a pressure of one atmosphere?

A)400 kJ

B)200 kJ

C)300 kJ

D)440 kJ

E)640 kJ

Q2) A beaker of negligible heat capacity contains 456 g of ice at -25.0°C.A lab technician begins to supply thermal energy through the process of heating to the container at the rate of 1000 J/min.How long after starting will it take before the temperature starts to rise above 0°C? The specific heat of ice is 2090 J/kg K and the latent heat of fusion of water is 33.5 × 10⁴ J/kg.

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15

Chapter 14: Second Law of Thermodynamics

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Sample Questions

Q1) An ideal Carnot engine operates between a warm reservoir at 233 K and a colder reservoir.During each cycle,this engine extracts \(15.0 \mathrm {~J}\) of energy from the warm reservoir and does \(4.0 \mathrm {~J}\) of work.What is the temperature of the colder reservoir?

A)171 K

B)62 K

C)47 K

D)67 K

Q2) An inventor tries to sell you his new thermodynamic engine that takes in 40 J of energy at 87°C on each cycle,expels 30 J at 27°C,and does 10 J of work.Would it be wise to invest in this engine? Back up your conclusion with numerical calculations.

Q3) If the efficiency of a reversible engine is 28%,what is its COP (performance coefficient)operated (a)as a refrigerator,and (b)as a thermodynamic pump?

Q4) Which of the following is a false statement?

A)Entropy is a quantitative measure of disorder.

B)The total entropy change in one cycle of a Carnot engine is zero.

C)The entropy of an isolated system remains constant.

D)Entropy can be measured in units of J/K.

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Page 16

Chapter 15: Electric Charge force and Energy

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Sample Questions

Q1) Electrically neutral objects cannot exert an electrical force on each other,but they can exert a gravitational force on each other.

A)True

B)False

Q2) A +5.0-nC charge is at the point (0.00 m,0.00 m)and a -2.0-nC charge is at (3.0 m,0.00 m).What work is required to bring a 1.0-nC charge from very far away to point (0.00 m,4.0 m)? (k = 1/4 ₀ = 9.0 × 10⁹ N m²/C²)

A)15 nJ

B)3.6 nJ

C)11 nJ

D)7.7 nJ

Q3) A +7.5-nC point charge is 5.0 cm from a -9.4-µC point charge in your laboratory in California.How much work would you have to do if you left the +7.5-nC charge in the lab but took the -9.4-µC charge to New York City? (k = 1/4 ₀ = 9.0 × 10⁹ N m²/C²)

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17

Chapter 16: The Electric Field

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Sample Questions

Q1) If the electric field exerts a 27 mN force on a point charge of -30 µC at a certain location in the laboratory,what are the magnitude and direction of the \(\vec { E }\) field at that location?

Q2) If you want to store 2.0 mJ of energy in a 10- F capacitor,how much potential do you need to put across it?

A)5.0 V

B)10 V

C)15 V

D)20 V

Q3) An ideal parallel-plate capacitor consists of two parallel plates of area A separated by a distance d.This capacitor is connected across a battery that maintains a constant potential difference between the plates.If the separation between the plates is now doubled,the magnitude of the charge on the plates will A)double.

B)quadruple.

C)be cut in half.

D)be cut in fourth.

E)not change.

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Chapter 17: Dc Circuits

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Sample Questions

Q1) An ideal 100-V dc battery is applied across a series combination of four resistors having resistances of 20 ,40 ,60 ,and 80 .What is the potential difference across the 40resistor?

A)20 V

B)40 V

C)60 V

D)80 V

E)100 V

Q2) A rod is 4.0 m long and has a square cross-section that is 1.5 cm on each side.An ohmmeter measures 0.040 across its ends.What is the resistivity of the material from which this rod is made?

A)0.023 m

B)0.015 m

C)1.5 × 10^-4 m

D)2.3 × 10^-6 m

Q3) There is a 10-A current through a wire for 2.0 min.(e = 1.60 × 10^-19C)

(a)How much charge has passed through this wire?

(b)How many electrons have passed any point in the wire?

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Page 19

Chapter 18: Magnetism

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Q1) A flat circular loop of wire is in a uniform \(\vec { B }\) field of 0.30 T.The diameter of the loop is 1.0 m,and a 2.0-A current flows in it.What is the magnitude of the magnetic torque on the loop when the plane of the loop is parallel to the \(\vec { B }\) field?

A)0.00 N m

B)0.41 N m

C)0.47 N m

D)0.52 N m

Q2) What is the force per meter on a straight wire carrying 5.0 A when it is placed in a magnetic field of 0.020 T so that the wire makes an angle of 27° with respect to the \(\vec { B }\) field lines.

A)0.022 N/m

B)0.045 N/m

C)0.17 N/m

D)0.26 N/m

Q3) A proton moving at 5.0 × 10⁴ m/s horizontally enters a region where a \(\vec { B }\) field of 0.12 T is present,directed vertically downward.What magnitude force acts on the proton due to this field?

(e = 1.60 × 10^-19C)

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Chapter 19: Electromagnetic Induction

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Sample Questions

Q1) An ideal step-up transformer doubles a primary voltage of 110 V.What is the ratio of the number of turns in its primary coil to the number of turns in the secondary coil?

A)1:4

B)4:1

C)2:1

D)1:2

E)1:8

Q2) A flat square coil of wire with 15 turns and an area of 0.40 m² is placed with the plane of its area parallel to a 0.75-T \(\vec { B }\) field.The coil is flipped so its plane is perpendicular to the \(\vec { B }\) field in a time of 0.050 s.What is the magnitude of the average induced emf in the coil?

A)6.0 V

B)36 V

C)45 V

D)90 V

Q3) You wish to construct a simple ac generator with a maximum output of 12 V when rotated at 60 Hz.A magnetic field of 0.050 T is available.If the area of the rotating coil is 100 cm²,how many turns are needed?

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Chapter 20: Vibrational Motion

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Q1) An object is attached to a vertical spring and bobs up and down between points A and B.Where is the object located when the elastic potential energy of the system object-spring is a maximum?

A)at either A or B

B)midway between A and B

C)one-third of the way between A and B

D)one-fourth of the way between A and B

E)at none of the above points

Q2) How much mass should be attached to a vertical ideal spring having a spring constant of 39.5 N/m so that it will oscillate at 1.00 Hz?

A)39.5 kg

B)2.00 kg

C)1.00 kg

D)1.56 kg

E)6.29 kg

Q3) A point on the string of a violin moves up and down in simple harmonic motion with an amplitude of 1.24 mm and a frequency of 875 Hz.

(a)What is the maximum speed of that point in SI units?

(b)What is the maximum acceleration of the point in SI units?

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Page 22

Chapter 21: Mechanical Waves

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Q1) A plucked guitar string produces a sound wave of frequency 0.44 kHz on a day when the speed of sound is 340 m/s.

(a)What is the wavelength of the sound wave?

(b)How much time elapses between the impacts of two adjacent compressions of the sound wave on your eardrum?

Q2) A wire that is 1.0 m long with a mass of 90 g is under a tension of 710 N.When a transverse wave travels on the wire,its wavelength is 0.10 m and its amplitude is 6.5 mm.What is the frequency of this wave?

A)890 Hz

B)920 Hz

C)1000 Hz

D)1200 Hz

E)1500 Hz

Q3) An organ pipe that is 1.75 m long and open at both ends produces sound of frequency 303 Hz when resonating in its second overtone.What is the speed of sound in the room?

Q4) An elephant can hear sound with a frequency of 15 Hz.What is the wavelength of this wave if the speed of sound in air is 343 m/s?

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Page 23

Chapter 22: Reflection and Refraction

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Q1) Light enters glass from air.The angle of refraction will be A)greater than the angle of incidence. B)equal to the angle of incidence. C)less than the angle of incidence.

Q2) A point source of light is positioned 20.0 m below the surface of a lake.What is the diameter of the largest circle on the surface of the water through which light can emerge into the air? The index of refraction of water is 1.33.

Q3) An oil layer that is 5.0 cm thick is spread smoothly and evenly over the surface of water on a windless day.A light ray from the air above enters the oil at 45° with the normal and then goes into the water.What is the angle of refraction of this ray in the water? The index of refraction for the oil is 1.15,and for water it is 1.33.

A)27°

B)32°

C)36°

D)39°

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Chapter 23: Mirrors and Lenses

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Q1) A cell phone is placed 40 cm in front of a convex lens with a focal length of magnitude 20 cm.How far is the image of this phone from the lens?

A)40 cm

B)20 cm

C)13 cm

D)60 cm

E)10 cm

Q2) What power (in diopters)of corrective contact lens is required to correct the vision of a myopic eye whose far point is at 170 cm?

Q3) When an object is 12 cm in front of a concave spherical mirror,the image is formed 3.0 cm in front of the mirror.What is the focal length of the mirror?

A)15 cm

B)4.0 cm

C)2.4 cm

D)1.3 cm

Q4) A person is nearsighted with a far point of 75.0 cm.

(a)What focal length contact lens is needed to give him normal vision?

(b)What is the power of the corrective lens?

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Chapter 24: Wave Optics

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Q1) A pair of narrow slits that are 1.8 mm apart is illuminated by a monochromatic coherent light source.A fringe pattern is observed on a screen 4.8 m from the slits.If there are 5.0 bright fringes/cm on the screen,what is the wavelength of the monochromatic light?

A)550 nm

B)600 nm

C)650 nm

D)700 nm

E)750 nm

Q2) A beam of light of wavelength 630 nm is incident on a slit that is 0.400 mm wide.If the distance between the slit and the screen is 1.80 m,what is the width on the screen of the central bright fringe?

A)1.94 mm

B)2.94 mm

C)3.54 mm

D)5.67 mm

E)6.94 mm

Q3) When red light illuminates a grating with 7000 lines per centimeter,its second maximum is at 62.4°.What is the wavelength of this light?

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Page 26

Chapter 25: Electromagnetic Waves

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Q1) A 4.4 × \(10^{14}\) Hz laser emits a 2.1 s pulse that is 5.0 mm in diameter.The energy density in the beam is \(0.24 \mathrm {~J} / \mathrm { m } ^ { 3 }\) How many wavelengths are there in the length of the beam? (c = 3.0 × 10⁸ m/s, ₀ = 4 × 10^-7 T m/A, ₀ = 8.85 × 10^-12 C²/N m²)

A)9.2 × 10⁸

B)2.8 × 10⁹

C)2.8 × 10⁸

D)9.2 × 10⁹

E)2.8 × 10¹⁰

Q2) When light in air strikes the flat surface of a certain glass at 31.2° with the normal,the reflected ray is 100 percent polarized.What is the critical angle for the air-glass interface of this glass?

A)52.7°

B)58.8°

C)21.4°

D)37.3°

E)68.6°

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Chapter 26: Special Relativity

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Sample Questions

Q1) A 1.00-kg gold ingot is carried from the bottom of the Eiffel tower to the top,300 m above ground level.By what amount does its mass change? (c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s)

A)Its mass does not change.

B)Its mass increases by 3.27 × 10^-14 kg

C)Its mass decreases by 3.27 × 10^-14 kg

D)Its mass increases by 1.64 × 10^-14 kg

E)Its mass decreases by 1.64 × 10^-14 kg

Q2) Two spaceships approach Earth from the same direction.One has a speed of 0.21c and the other a speed of 0.34c,both relative to Earth.What is the speed of one spaceship relative to the other?

A)0.13c

B)0.14c

C)0.15c

D)0.16c

E)0.18c

Q3) How much work must be done to accelerate a particle of mass \[3.5 \times 10 ^{14} \mathrm {~kg}\] from a speed of \(1.2 \times 10 ^ { 8 } \mathrm {~m} / \mathrm { s }\) to a speed of \(1.9 \times 10 ^ { 8 } \mathrm {~m} / \mathrm { s } ?\) (c = 3.0 × 10⁸ m/s)

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Chapter 27: Quantum Optics

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Q1) For what wavelength does a 100-mW laser beam deliver 1.6 × 10¹⁷ photons in one second? (c = 3.0 × 10⁸ m/s,h = 6.626 × 10^-34 J s)

A)320 nm

B)330 nm

C)340 nm

D)350 nm

Q2) As the temperature of a blackbody increases,what happens to the peak wavelength of the light it radiates?

A)It gets longer.

B)It gets shorter.

C)The wavelength is not affected by the temperature of the object.

Q3) In a Compton scattering experiment using x-rays,the wavelength of the x-rays increases by 5.0% as the light is scattered at an angle of 60° with its original direction.What was the original wavelength of the light before scattering? (m_electron = 9.11 × 10^-31 kg,c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s,h = 6.626 × 10^-34 J s)

Q4) If the surface of our bodies is at 37°C,at what wavelength does the radiation that we emit peak if we behave like a blackbody? The constant in Wien's law is 0.0029 m K.

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Chapter 28: Atomic Physics

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Q1) One of the emission lines described by the original version of Balmer's formula has wavelength \(377 \mathrm {~nm}\) What is the value of n in Balmer's formula that gives this emission line?

A)11

B)12

C)13

D)14

Q2) If an electron has a wavelength of 0.123 nm,what is its kinetic energy,in electron-volts? This energy is not in the relativistic region.(m_electron = 9.11 × 10^-31 kg,1 eV = 1.60 × 10^-19 J,h = 6.626 × 10^-34 J s)

A)19.8 eV

B)60.2 eV

C)80.4 eV

D)99.5 eV

E)124 eV

Q3) Calculate the kinetic energy,in electron-volts,of a neutron that has a de Broglie wavelength of \(7.2 \times 10^{- 12} \mathrm {~m}\) (m_neutr_on = 1.675 × 10^-27 kg,1 eV = 1.6 × 10^-19 J,h = 6.626 × 10^-34J s)

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Page 30

Chapter 29: Nuclear Physics

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Sample Questions

Q1) A beryllium-8 nucleus at rest undergoes double alpha decay as follows: \({}^{8}_{4}\) Be \({}^{4}_{2}\) He + \({}^{4}_{2}\) He The known atomic masses are: \({}^{4}_{2}\) He: 4.002603 u \({}^{8}_{4}\) Be: 8.005305 u

What is the kinetic energy of each departing alpha particle? (1 u = 931.5 MeV/c²)

A)46 keV

B)65 keV

C)92 keV

D)130 keV

E)180 keV

Q2) A test tube of an isotope having a decay constant of 0.765 × \(10 ^{- 6}\) \(\mathrm { s } ^ { - 1 }\) contains 3.0 × \(10^{17}\) nuclei of this isotope.

(a)What is the half-life of this isotope?

(b)What is the initial activity (in Bq)of the isotope?

(c)What is the activity of the isotope after 12 days?

Q3) A sodium-22 nucleus, \({}^{22}_{11}\) Na,decays into a neon-22 nucleus, \({}^{22}_{10}\) Ne,and one other particle.What is the other particle?

Q4) How many protons,neutrons,and nucleons are there in a carbon-14 nucleus?

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Chapter 30: Particle Physics

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Sample Questions

Q1) Inside the nucleus,the strongest of the four fundamental forces is

A)the weak nuclear force.

B)the electromagnetic force.

C)the gravitational force.

D)the strong nuclear force.

Q2) Which of the following statements about hadrons are correct? (There may be more than one correct choice.)

A)Hadrons are composed of leptons.

B)All hadrons are composed of quarks.

C)All hadrons interact by the strong nuclear force.

D)Electrons, protons, and neutrons are commonly-occurring hadrons.

E)Protons and neutrons are hadrons, but the electron is not.

Q3) The neutron is made up of which one of the following quark combinations (up,down,strange,charm,top,bottom)?

A)uud

B)ddu

C)udd

D)ttb

E)bst

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