Chapter 6: Musculoskeletal System: Considerations and Interventions for Specific Pediatric Pathologies
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Q1) Select the correct statement regarding congenital muscular torticollis.
A) It can be associated with developmental dysplasia of the hip.
B) The muscle tightness will spontaneously resolve by 12 months of age.
C) It is characterized by tightness of the sternocleidomastoid muscle resulting in decreased lateral flexion and rotation to the same side.
D) Torticollis is caused by prematurity.
Q2) Name two pediatric diagnoses where limitation in range of motion is a common characteristic.
Q3) Which of the following conditions can present as toe-walking?
A) Cerebral palsy
B) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
C) Idiopathic toe walking
D) All of the above
Q4) Which type of juvenile idiopathic arthritis involves the most joints and is the most debilitating?
Q5) Name two diagnoses where heightened reaction to trauma is common.
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Chapter 7: Neuromuscular System: Examination, Evaluation, and Diagnoses
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Q1) When performing a well-child screening for a 1-year old, which of the following signs could indicate a potential diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder?
A) Inability to independently dress
B) Inability to jump down off step
C) Inability to say "ball"
D) Inability to say "Daddy help"
Q2) Which theory of motor control underlies the use of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation quick stretch of the biceps to facilitate elbow flexion?
A) Dynamic systems theory
B) Hierarchical theory
C) Motor programming theory
D) Reflex theory
Q3) Which of the following health conditions would be the most likely diagnosis for a child demonstrating difficulty with socialization, communication, and behavior?
A) Autism spectrum disorder
B) Cerebral palsy
C) Developmental coordination disorder
D) Down syndrome
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Chapter 8: Neuromuscular System: the Plan of Care
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Q1) When a therapist tells a child how many feet he was able to run in 10 sec, the therapist is providing which of the following?
A) Intrinsic feedback
B) Negative reinforcement
C) Attention
D) Extrinsic feedback
Q2) When providing physical guidance, the instructor should consider which of the following?
A) The phase of learning a task
B) The child's frustration in achieving the movement pattern required for the task
C) Methods for reducing or fading the use of manual guidance as the child gets the general idea of how to perform the task
D) All of the above
Q3) Which type of practice would best facilitate the generalization of motor skills?
A) Specific practice
B) Blocked practice
C) Part-task practice
D) Variable practice
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Chapter 9: Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Systems
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Q1) Which statement regarding the concept of "constraints on action" is not true?
A) They are factors that limit or "constrain" the possible movement outcomes as a child performs a functional action.
B) They can relate to the performer, the task, or the environment.
C) They are theoretical concepts that have yet to be applied to the clinical environment.
D) They can be linked to the concept of control parameter from the Dynamic Systems Perspective on motor learning.
Q2) The difference between learning and changes in performance is that learning is the immediate effect of practice.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When a therapist tells a child how many feet he was able to run in 10 sec, the therapist is providing which of the following?
A) Intrinsic feedback
B) Negative reinforcement
C) Attention
D) Extrinsic feedback
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Chapter 10: Integumentary System
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Q1) A child with an upper extremity burn that crosses the anterior aspect of the antecubital fossa should
A) be splinted in flexion.
B) be splinted in extension.
C) not be splinted and should perform PROM only.
D) be measured for a compression garment.
Q2) A wound dressing that contains gel-forming polymers and absorbs wound exudates, provides a moist wound environment, and conforms to the body shape is a A) film.
B) hydrogel.
C) alginate.
D) hydrocolloid.
Q3) All of the following are hallmark signs of the inflammatory process except A) a change in skin color.
B) a loss of sensation.
C) an increased temperature.
D) pain.
Q4) ____________are the cells responsible for pulling the epidermal layer toward the center of the wound.
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Chapter 11: Early Intervention
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Q1) Early intervention, as defined by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, refers to children ages
A) birth through 2 years of age.
B) birth to 5 years of age.
C) 3 to 5 years of age.
D) 3 to 8 years of age.
Q2) Role release allows all therapists to complete the duties of all disciplines.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Evidence-based guidelines regarding motor prognosis for children with cerebral palsy are available.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Cataloguing is useful to
A) see whether the therapeutic activities can be embedded into the family's existing schedule.
B) make a log of the baby's daily activities from morning to night.
C) add therapeutic interventions into the child's activities.
D) avoid having to make a matrix.
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Chapter 12: Schools
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Q1) In transition planning to postsecondary settings, it is common to use a technique called individualized backward planning. What is individualized backward planning?
Q2) A written evaluation done in a school setting before an individualized education program meeting does not include
A) indications of the child's strengths.
B) results of standardized tests and measures.
C) goals and objectives.
D) evaluation of the examination.
Q3) School-based physical therapy started
A) with the Education of All Handicapped Children Act.
B) with the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.
C) in special schools in the first half of the 20th century.
D) with the Americans with Disabilities Act.
E) in special schools in the second half of the 20th century.
Q4) List at least four themes/issues that should be included in "best" practice in transition.
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Chapter 13: Sports Settings for the School-Aged Child
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Q1) Which structure has a lower biomechanical resistance to repetitive loading and shear stress?
A) Bone
B) Cartilage
C) Tendon
D) Muscle
Q2) Indicate which of the following statements must be adhered to strenuously in sports for children.
A) Coaching staff should complete a certification course
B) Equipment should be properly fit to the youth
C) Playing areas should be free of obstacles and be shock-absorbing
D) All of the above
Q3) What should be the emphasis of training programs for children?
A) Cooperation, fun, team play, and learning
B) Competitive spirit
C) Improvement of aerobic ability
D) All of the above
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Chapter 14: Pediatric Acute Care Hospital
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Q1) Administers long-term medications such as chemotherapy and can be used for blood draws
A)Arterial line
B)Broviac
C)Chest tube
D)Endotracheal tube
E)Foley
F)Gastric tube
G)Jackson Pratt drain
Q2) A 14-year-old with spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy and significant cognitive impairments is post-op day 1 from a pelvic osteotomy. Upon initial exam, you need to record a pain score. Which is the most appropriate pain scale to use with this individual?
A) CRIES (cry, requires O<sub>2</sub>, increased vital signs, expression, sleeplessness)
B) FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability)
C) Numerical
D) Wong-Baker Faces
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Chapter 15: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
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Q1) Positioning recommendations are an important part of physical therapy treatment in the NICU. Which of the following general recommendations apply to most infants in the NICU?
A) The supine position is encouraged because prone is not a recommended sleep position in healthy infants
B) Hands and knees should not touch because it may lead to skin breakdown
C) The hands should be positioned away from the face to avoid scratching of the face
D) The infant should be positioned in flexion with the arms and legs close to the body
Q2) Infants born preterm and weighing less than 1,000 g at birth are at the greatest risk for cerebral palsy and other motor, cognitive, and behavioral disorders.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Behavioral signs of stress in a neonate include
A) hyperalertness and apnea.
B) finger splays and gaze aversion.
C) decreased respiratory rate and bradycardia.
D) leg extension and increased blood pressure.
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Chapter 16: Rehabilitation Settings
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Q1) In an interdisciplinary team, the team members
A) maintain their own discipline-specific treatment and goals but report findings to other team members.
B) collaborate by incorporating suggestions from other professionals into their interventions.
C) assess the child and then delegate the treatments to a few key individuals.
D) maintain professional boundaries by not communicating specific treatment techniques.
Q2) In planning for transition to school, which of the following statements is true?
A) School therapists can continue to provide the same level of rehabilitation therapy when the child is back in school.
B) School therapists provide therapy deemed necessary for the child's educational goals as outlined on the IEP.
C) Children should return to school when they no longer have any rehabilitation therapy needs.
D) Coordination between school and rehabilitation therapists is not necessary if the family is able to relay information.
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Chapter 17: Assistive Technology: Positioning and Mobility
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Q1) Which of the following positioning (seating) changes would be your best recommendation for Kevin using his current mobility base?
A) Keep the sling seat, but provide a planar back with lateral trunk supports.
B) Keep the sling back, but provide a planar seat and swing-away lateral trunk supports.
C) Provide a firm, possibly contoured, seat and back with pelvic positioning belt and footrests.
D) Leave the sling seat and back and provide a pelvic positioning belt and footrests.
E) Provide a recline (open seat-to-back angle) feature to allow for pressure relief throughout the day.
Q2) Assistive technology involves
A) the assistive technology device only.
B) the services necessary to obtain assistive technology devices only.
C) both the assistive technology device and services.
D) the assistive technology device and the acquisition of the device.
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Chapter 18: Assistive Technology: Augmentative
Communication and Other Technologies
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Q1) Medicaid is an example of a funding program that is considered an entitlement because when the child meets the eligibility criteria, the child is guaranteed all services covered by the program.
A)True
B)False
Q2) All of the following are examples of mouse alternatives for children who cannot use a regular computer mouse except
A) mini-keyboards
B) trackballs
C) touch windows
D) joysticks
Q3) Sticky keys, toggle keys, and filter keys are all examples of
A) low-tech household door keys adapted for people with physical disabilities.
B) locking mechanisms for wheels used on power wheelchairs.
C) computer accessibility options available on most modern computers.
D) types of power wheelchair drive systems.
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Chapter 19: Cerebral Palsy
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Q1) A 13-year-old child with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy has decreased dorsiflexion range of motion bilaterally. An appropriate activity to include in his home program to increase dorsiflexion range of motion is
A) passive range of motion of the ankle.
B) wear orthotics for at least 3 to 4 hrs daily.
C) strength training of the dorsiflexors.
D) heel lift exercises.
Q2) Strength training programs for children with cerebral palsy have been demonstrated to
A) increase muscle strength.
B) increase muscle tone.
C) increase functional community ambulation skill.
D) increase aerobic capacity.
Q3) Evidence has shown that "participation" scores of children with cerebral palsy increase with
A) aerobic training programs.
B) Partial body weight-supported treadmill training.
C) Progressive resistance exercise training.
D) Passive range of motion and stretching.
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Chapter 20: Cystic Fibrosis
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Q1) An 8-year-old child with cystic fibrosis presents to the clinic with a 1-wk history of persistent cough, increased sputum production, increased work of breathing, and weight loss. What steps should be taken next?
A) He should be sent to the emergency room of a local hospital for critical care.
B) He should most likely be admitted to the hospital for treatment of a pulmonary exacerbation.
C) He should be sent home on extra multivitamins and be seen for his next routine clinic visit in 6 months.
D) He should be sent home, his pulmonary hygiene program should be stopped, and his parents/caregivers should be instructed to focus on his nutrition for a few weeks.
Q2) The median predicted life expectancy for patients with cystic fibrosis is approximately
A) 18 years.
B) 28 years.
C) 38 years.
D) 48 years.
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Chapter 21: Down Syndrome
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Q1) For a preschool child with Down syndrome, which of the following would the most valid and appropriate tool to monitor the progress of gross motor skills and functional mobility?
A) Alberta Infant Motor Assessment
B) Bayley Scales of Motor Development
C) Bruinink Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency
D) Gross Motor Function Measure
Q2) Down syndrome occurs when there is a third _chromosome.
A) 18th
B) 20th
C) 11th
D) 21st
Q3) There is evidence to suggest that participation in sensorimotor group sessions improves motor outcomes in young children with Down syndrome.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 22: Leukemia
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Q1) Intrathecal chemotherapy is administered directly into what area?
A) Muscle
B) Mouth
C) Vein
D) Cerebral spinal fluid
Q2) Common physical therapy interventions for a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia include
A) orthotics.
B) stretching exercises.
C) age-appropriate strengthening exercises.
D) age-appropriate gross motor developmental activities.
E) All of the above.
Q3) The most common form of pediatric leukemia is acute lymphoblastic leukemia, which has a survival rate for children between the ages of 1 and 10 years of
A) 80% to 90%.
B) 50% to 60%.
C) 40%.
D) 20%.
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Chapter 23: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
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Q1) Some boys who are delayed in their development of ambulation and speech are later diagnosed with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy tend to use the Gowers' maneuver to rise from the floor because of weakness in
A) hip flexors, extensors, and abductors.
B) hip flexors and extensors, and knee extensors.
C) hip extensors, knee flexors, and extensors.
D) hip extensors and abductors and knee extensors.
Q3) Corticosteroids have been found to improve muscle mass and function in the short term, but prolonged use does not affect outcomes in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 24: Developmental Coordination Disorder
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Q1) Which of the following characteristics are typical of children with developmental coordination disorder?
A) Spasticity
B) Hyperactivity
C) Hypotonia
D) Decreased flexibility
Q2) Families of children who have developmental coordination disorder often express concern about their child's
A) vision.
B) social skills.
C) hearing.
D) feeding skills.
Q3) A child who has developmental coordination disorder may frequently also have
A) learning difficulties.
B) cerebral palsy.
C) pervasive development disorder.
D) a hearing impairment.
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Chapter 25: Myelodysplasia
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Q1) All of the following are environmental adaptations that might assist a child with mid-lumbar myelomeningocele in using the bathroom except A) a sliding board.
B) grab bars.
C) a changing table.
D) a rolling stool.
Q2) In the natural school environment, the physical therapist relies on the classroom staff to follow through with mobility and transfer activities on a daily basis for a child with a myelomeningocele.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Discuss what a child must learn when using a manual wheelchair in a natural school environment.
Q4) List five common complications of myelodysplasia.
Q5) In the school environment, it is nice to have a translator available to interpret at the individualized education program meetings, but it is not required.
A)True
B)False
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