Oral Biology
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Oral Biology is a foundational course that explores the structure, function, and development of the oral and craniofacial complex. It covers topics such as the biology and physiology of teeth, oral mucosa, bone, salivary glands, and periodontal tissues, as well as the processes involved in oral embryology, tooth development, and eruption. The course also examines oral microbial ecology, host defense mechanisms, and the molecular and cellular basis of oral diseases. Through an integrative approach, students gain a comprehensive understanding of the biological principles underlying oral health and disease, preparing them for advanced studies in dentistry and clinical practice.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Oral Histology and Embryology A Clinical Approach 4th Edition by Daniel J. Chiego
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16 Chapters
514 Verified Questions
514 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Development and Structure of Cells and Tissues
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34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which cellular component facilitates protein synthesis?
A) Ribosomes
B) Lysosomes
C) Mitochondria
D) Plasmalemma
Answer: A
Q2) Which chemical is called the second messenger?
A) aDNA
B) mRNA
C) dGMP
D) cAMP
Answer: D
Q3) The ovum contains twice as many chromosomes as its parent cell.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) The embryonic skeleton first forms as bone.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: Structure and Function of Cells, Tissues, and Organs
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ligaments and tendons are composed of which tissue?
A) Neural
B) Muscle
C) Epithelial
D) Connective
Answer: D
Q2) Neuroglia cells are __________ numerous than neurons.
A) slightly less
B) slightly more
C) significantly less
D) significantly more
Answer: D
Q3) Which function is associated with the skin?
A) Excretes waste products
B) Absorbs nutrients from ingested food
C) Supplies a framework for muscle and ligament attachments
D) Relays information from the glands to the central nervous system
Answer: A
Q4) List the components of the central nervous system. Answer: Brain,spinal cord
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Chapter 3: Development of the Oral Facial Region
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) After the fifth prenatal week,the first and fifth branchial arches grow toward each other and over the other arches.This overgrowth obscures the external pharyngeal grooves.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.
Answer: A
Q2) The face develops in the ____________ prenatal weeks.
A) first to third
B) fourth to seventh
C) eighth to eleventh
D) twelfth to fourteenth
Answer: B
Q3) The ultimobranchial body is the origin of which hormone?
A) Insulin
B) Calcitonin
C) Dopamine
D) Testosterone
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Development of the Face and Palate
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29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Palatal shelf elevation occurs slowly,over the course of several weeks.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The heart begins pumping blood during which week of gestation?
A) Fourth
B) Fifth
C) Sixth
D) Seventh
Q3) A combination of genetic and _____ factors are associated with palatal and facial clefts.
A) social
B) behavioral
C) age-related
D) environmental
Q4) The second pharyngeal arch is also known as the __________ arch.
A) hyoid
B) inferior
C) superior
D) mandibular
Q5) The _________ separates the oral and nasal cavities.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Development of Teeth
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Sample Questions
Q1) Primary teeth begin development at birth.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which tissue does not support the dentition?
A) Enamel
B) Cementum
C) Alveolar bone
D) Periodontal ligament
Q3) Compact bone is the most highly calcified tissue in the human body.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Bone,dentin,cementum and enamel grow through incremental deposition.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Tooth development relies on an interaction between the ectoderm and mesenchyme.
A)True B)False
Q6) ________ ________ is a genetic disorder that makes teeth susceptible to excessive wear.
Q7) The periodontal ligament attaches which two surfaces?
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Chapter 6: Eruption and Shedding of the Teeth
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fusion of the tooth (reduced enamel epithelium)with the oral epithelium forms the __________ epithelium.
Q2) Which structure(s)increase(s)the surface area of the osteoclast?
A) Fibroblasts
B) Ruffled border
C) Periodontal fibers
D) Epithelial diagram
Q3) During eruption,the epithelial attachment shifts to the cervical area.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Special _______ cells destroy collagen fibers by ingestion.
A) fibroblast
B) osteoclast
C) osteoblast
D) amino acid
Q5) Which of the following is the origin of osteoclasts?
A) Fibroclasts
B) Monocytes
C) Amino acids
D) Root resorption
8
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Chapter 7: Enamel
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Sample Questions
Q1) Enamel rods extend perpendicular to the dentoenamel junction,but curve slightly toward the cusp tip.
A)True
B)False
Q2) An enamel ______ houses a small extension of a living odontoblast.
A) rod
B) tuft
C) spindle
D) lamellae
Q3) Perikymata are found in which location?
A) Cusp tip
B) Cervical third of the root
C) Middle third of the crown's lingual aspect
D) Cervical third of the crown's facial aspect
Q4) Hunter-Schreger bands extend through half to two thirds of the enamel.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Etching the surface of enamel stimulates remineralization.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Dentin
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of dentin borders the pulp?
A) Globular
B) Predentin
C) Reactionary
D) Circumpulpal
Q2) Name three areas in which sclerotic dentin can be found.
Q3) An ________ __________ is the defining characteristic of globular dentin.
Q4) _______ are extensions of the odontoblast process into enamel.
A) Dead tracts
B) Neonatal lines
C) Enamel spindles
D) Lines of von Ebner
Q5) Secondary dentin is deposited more quickly than primary dentin.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The junction between dentin and enamel is scalloped.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Primary dentin consists of mantle,globular,and _________ dentin.
Q8) Incremental lines are also known as _______ _________.
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Chapter 9: Dental Pulp
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not found in the central part of the pulp?
A) Fibroblasts
B) Cementoblasts
C) Collagen fibers
D) Veins and arteries
Q2) The largest blood vessels in dental pulp are controlled by the ______ nervous system.
Q3) List five functions of pulp tissue.
Q4) Teeth only perceive the sensation of pain.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Odontoblasts produce which type of collagen?
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
Q6) Pulp stones are ectopic calcifications produced by microtrauma.
A)True
B)False
Q7) The largest blood vessels found in the dental pulp are __________.
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Chapter 10: Cementum
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Sample Questions
Q1) Intermediate cementum forms completely,before the deposition of secondary cementum begins.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Cementum resorption is rare,even in older patients.In fact,cementum is more resistant to resorption than bone.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.
Q3) Intermediate cementum lies between the ___________ and the secondary cementum.
A) enamel
B) periodontal tissue
C) granular layer of Tomes
D) cellular-acellular cementum
Q4) Following resorption,cemental repair is a function of the ____________.
Q5) In terms of cementum formation,what does OMG stand for?
Q6) The initial layer of cementum contains an enamelin-like protein.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Periodontium: Periodontal Ligament
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The periodontal ligament (periodontium)has a width of _________ mm.
A) 0.015 to 0.038
B) 0.15 to 0.38
C) 0.045 to 0.080
D) 0.45 to 0.80
Q2) Osteoclasts facilitate bone resorption in periodontal disease.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Epithelial rests always occur along the root surface.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Name two objects in the periodontal ligament that are phagocytosed by macrophages.
Q5) The periodontal ligament performs which secondary function?
A) Insulating and protecting the pulp
B) Forming cementum, bone, and enamel
C) Providing a sensory supply to the cementum
D) Supplying nutrients to the cementum and alveolar bone
Q6) Fibroblasts are most concentrated in the _______ _________.
Q7) ___________ stem from monocytes within the blood vascular system.
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Chapter 12: Periodontium: Alveolar Process and Cementum
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Sample Questions
Q1) The size difference between a primary tooth its permanent successor is the leeway space.
A)True
B)False
Q2) ______ ______ penetrate haversian canals at right angles to form a nutrient network.
Q3) ___________ canals pass through the long axis of the bone.
Q4) When a tooth is lost,the adjacent supporting tissues are also lost.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Teeth are slightly more mobile in the _______________.
Q6) Hyalinization of the periodontal ligament is caused by which of the following?
A) Mesial drift
B) Traumatic compression
C) Eruption of permanent teeth
D) Gradual orthodontic movement
Q7) Mesial drift is a significant occurrence during the deciduous dentition period.
A)True
B)False
Page 14
Q8) Identify and describe two types of bone loss.
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Chapter 13: Temporomandibular Joint
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Name the two movements of the TMJ.
Q2) The synovial membrane is associated with numerous capillaries and _________.
A) fluids
B) bones
C) ligaments
D) lymphatics
Q3) Articular remodeling is a response to _______________.
A) aging
B) inactivity
C) genetic dysfunction
D) environmental stress
Q4) The ___________ compartment of the temporomandibular cavity is bound superiorly by the articular fossa and inferiorly by the disk.
Q5) A mature mandibular condyle exhibits which characteristic?
A) The condylar head is a round shape.
B) Bone covers the head of the condyle.
C) A thick layer of cartilage covers the head of the condyle.
D) Spikes of porous cartilage project into the underlying bone marrow.
Q6) Name the four types of nerve endings in the TMJ.
Q7) The postnatal condylar head is a thick band of ___________.
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Chapter 14: Oral Mucosa
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34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nonkeratinocytes constitute about ______ of the mucosal cell population.
A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 20%
D) 50%
Q2) Which of the following best defines hemidesmosomes?
A) Discoid cells anchored by tonofibrils
B) Sebaceous glands located at the angles of the mouth
C) Minute disks that attach basal cells to the basal lamina
D) Cuboidal cells providing a basal layer for lining mucosa
Q3) Which papillae do not house taste buds?
A) Foliate
B) Filiform
C) Fungiform
D) Circumvallate
Q4) Lymphocytes,leukocytes,and mast cells are associated with ______________.
A) health
B) halitosis
C) necrosis
D) inflammation
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Salivary Glands and Tonsils
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33 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the functional unit of the salivary gland?
A) Lobe
B) Alveolus
C) Intercalated duct
D) Zymogen granule
Q2) Seromucous glands,which underlie the palatine tonsils,perform which function?
A) Flush and cleanse the tonsillar crypts
B) Support the nodules of lymphatic tissue
C) Secrete antibodies that destroy antigens
D) Produce lymphocytes to protect the body from foreign microorganisms
Q3) Name the ducts that lead from the parotid and submandibular salivary glands.
Q4) Leukocytes from the gingival crevices and lymphocytes from the tonsils,which are found in saliva,are known as __________ ____________.
Q5) Serous acinar cells secrete into the lumen of the acinus and then drain directly into intercalated ducts.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Lymphocytes may transform into plasma cells.
A)True
B)False
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Biofilms
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32 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which disclosing solution will not permanently discolor composite restorations?
Q2) Which type of organism appears subgingivally?
A) Neutral
B) Aerobic
C) Gram-positive
D) Gram-negative
Q3) Glycoproteins are found in the saliva.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following forms the primary cuticle?
A) Fibroblasts
B) Ameloblasts
C) Odontoblasts
D) Cementocytes
Q5) In tonsillitis,there is a dramatic increase in salivary leukocytes.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Calculus may form on dental prostheses.
A)True
B)False
Page 18
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