Course Introduction
Nursing Inquiry
Final Exam Questions
Nursing Inquiry explores the foundational principles of evidence-based practice and research in nursing. This course examines methods for formulating clinical questions, conducting literature reviews, and critically appraising research studies relevant to nursing practice. Students will learn how to integrate research findings into patient care, understand ethical considerations in nursing research, and appreciate the role of inquiry in advancing healthcare outcomes. Emphasis is placed on developing skills to analyze current issues in nursing and contribute to the ongoing improvement of the profession through scholarly investigation.
Recommended Textbook
Nursing Research 8th Edition by Geri
LoBiondoWood
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Integrating Research, Evidence-Based Practice, and Quality Improvement Processes
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Q1) For the baccalaureate nursing student, education in nursing research has which outcomes? (Select all that apply.)
A) Mastering the development of research protocols
B) Gaining basic understanding of the research process
C) Learning how research is related to clinical nursing practice
D) Developing skill as a primary investigator in research
E) Becoming a knowledgeable consumer of nursing research
Answer: B, C, E
Q2) A nurse is analyzing a research article. Where in the article is the nurse likely to find the research question and study purpose?
A) Introduction
B) Data analysis
C) Findings
D) Data collection
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Clinical Questions
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Q1) The nurse has identified a patient situation that may be an area for study. The initial review of the literature helps the investigator to identify what?
A) The number of subjects required for the study
B) The appropriate statistical tests to analyze the data
C) The need to extend knowledge in a particular area
D) The instruments needed to collect data during the study
Answer: C
Q2) A nurse states the purpose of a research study as, "This study will compare the effect of warm and cold applications on the resolution of intravenous (IV) infiltrations in hospitalized older-adult patients in the early postoperative period." In this statement, what constitutes the independent variable(s)?
A) Postoperative older adult patients
B) Early postoperative period
C) Warm and cold applications
D) Resolution of IV infiltrations
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Gathering and Appraising the Literature
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Q1) Why would a nurse researcher choose to use multiple online fee-based databases such as CINAHL and MEDLINE?
A) The charges for these services are minimal.
B) Databases are updated weekly or monthly.
C) An independent professional critique of each work accompanies the full text.
D) The service provides translations to English of articles written in other languages.
Answer: B
Q2) Which of these electronic databases is the most relevant and frequently used source for nursing literature?
A) MEDLINE
B) CINAHL
C) Cochrane Collaboration
D) National Guideline Clearinghouse
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Theoretical Frameworks for Research
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Q1) When critiquing a research study's theoretical framework, the nurse should keep in mind which information? (Select all that apply.)
A) Theoretical frameworks guide hypothesis formulation in qualitative and quantitative research studies.
B) Theoretical frameworks can be implicitly or explicitly stated in a research report.
C) A theoretical framework of a nursing research study must be based on nursing theories or models.
D) A theoretical framework may not be identified in all types of nursing research.
Q2) Which nursing theory is classified as a Grand Nursing Theory?
A) Polk's Theory of Resilience
B) Mishel's Uncertainty in Illness Theory
C) Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory
D) Im's Theory of Caucasians' Cancer Pain Experience
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Chapter 5: Introduction to Qualitative Research
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Q1) Which description is typical of a qualitative research study?
A) Deductive reasoning is used.
B) Truth is a subject's perception of reality.
C) Sample size is determined before the study begins.
D) One or more variables are measured in a context-free setting.
Q2) Which research study characteristic would be \(\bold{inappropriate}\) for qualitative methods?
A) Testing a new hypothesis
B) Using an intensive approach to data collection
C) Employing inductive analysis of the data
D) Examining individual responses to a nonmodifiable situation
Q3) Computer management of qualitative data can assist a nurse researcher with which of these processes?
A) Organization of data
B) Interpretation of data
C) Credibility of data
D) Synthesis of data
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Chapter 6: Qualitative Approaches to Research
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Q1) Why is the literature review often limited in a study using grounded theory methods?
A) Research using grounded theory methods is sparse.
B) Grounded theory is more sensitive to cultural values than to the researcher's values.
C) Theories are expected to emerge directly from the data and not from previous research.
D) Limiting the literature review ensures that the researcher's personal biases are bracketed.
Q2) What similarities exist between grounded theory and ethnographic studies? (Select all that apply.)
A) Participants are observed in natural settings.
B) Researchers immerse themselves in the culture of study participants.
C) Researchers bracket their personal opinions and biases during the study.
D) Data gathering and data analysis occur simultaneously.
E) Techniques for data collection can change as the study progresses.
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Chapter 7: Appraising Qualitative Research
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Q1) Which of the following elements would the nurse expect to see in a report of a grounded theory study? (Select all that apply).
A) Hypotheses
B) Independent variable
C) Themes
D) Basic social psychological process
E) Statistical procedures
F) Participant quotes
G) Purposive sample
Q2) Which outcome or overall purpose would be consistent with a qualitative study?
A) Development of creative solutions to practical problems
B) Prediction and control of a human phenomenon
C) Description of behavior within a context-free theoretical framework
D) Use of statistical analyses to determine significant differences between variables
Q3) In the report of a qualitative research study, what does a theme represent?
A) A guideline for evaluating the appropriateness of the study
B) The operational definition of the study's conceptual framework
C) A label that describes key ideas shared by study participants
D) The relationship between the study's hypotheses and the research questions
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Chapter 8: Introduction to Quantitative Research
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Q1) What should the nurse researcher consider when determining the feasibility of a research question? (Select all that apply.)
A) Time
B) Selection effects
C) Reactive effects
D) Measurement effects
E) Subject availability
F) Cost
Q2) A study is examining the effect of a new antilipemic drug, compared with placebo, on lipoprotein levels in postmenopausal women. Which of these actions represents the researcher's attempt at constancy in data collection to control extraneous variables?
A) Drawing the serum lipoprotein levels of all subjects at the same time of day
B) Having the same phlebotomist draw serum lipoprotein levels of all subjects
C) Using the same room for drawing blood for lipoprotein levels of all subjects
D) Ensuring that all subjects are postmenopausal women taking lipid-lowering medication
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Chapter 9: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs
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Q1) Which factor should be the primary consideration when determining the validity of experimental study findings?
A) The extent to which the researcher controlled intervening variables
B) The number of subjects who dropped out of the control and experimental groups
C) The credentials and previous experience of the researcher
D) The number of persons involved in the data collection process
Q2) In a true experimental study, the control group is the group that does what?
A) Receives the experimental treatment
B) Receives the placebo treatment
C) Experiences the adverse results
D) Experiences the reactive effects
Q3) A quasi-experimental study design would be a better choice for a research study than an experimental study design in which of these situations?
A) The study is to be conducted in a laboratory setting.
B) An experimental treatment is not part of the study.
C) The researcher has not conducted research before.
D) Full experimental control is not possible.
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Chapter 10: Nonexperimental Designs
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Q1) A nurse researcher would decide to use a retrospective or ex post facto study for which reason?
A) Obtaining informed consent is not an important issue.
B) There is maximal opportunity to manipulate the independent variable.
C) The dependent variable is measured at multiple times to examine maturation.
D) The dependent variable has already been affected by the independent variable.
Q2) Why would a nurse researcher choose to use research studies that examine the associations or relationships between variables?
A) A causal relationship can be determined between the variables.
B) Greater manipulation of the variables is possible in this type of study.
C) Randomization of participants allows for increased generalizability.
D) There is application in clinical settings and a foundation for future experimental studies.
Q3) A nurse researcher would choose to use a correlational study of multiple variables for which purpose?
A) To identify the independent variable
B) To test whether one variable causes another variable
C) To examine relationships between or among variables
D) To distinguish how different one variable is from another variable
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Chapter 11: Systematic Reviews and Clinical Practice Guidelines
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Q1) ___ abstract
Q2) What is known to contain bibliographic information on articles and books on reviewing research and methodological studies?
A) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
B) Database of Abstracts of Review of Effects
C) Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials
D) Cochrane Methodology Register
Q3) The highest level of evidence is known to be provided by what?
A) Meta-analysis
B) Systematic review
C) Effect size
D) Integrative review
Q4) Which are methods for searching and integrating the literature related to a specific clinical issue? (Select all that apply.)
A) Meta-analysis
B) Systematic review
C) Cochrane collaboration
D) Integrative review
Q5) ___ implications for research and practice
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Chapter 12: Sampling
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Q1) A nurse researcher has made a generalization on the basis of the experience of a small number of participants. What will the result of this be?
A) The small sample will invalidate the hypotheses.
B) The researcher will be unable to eliminate his or her bias.
C) The data obtained from a small number will inadequately represent the phenomenon.
D) The small number of participants will increase the threat to internal validity influenced by history.
Q2) A nurse researcher would hesitate to use nonprobability sampling because:
A) It will result in reduced or limited generalizability.
B) Informed consent must be obtained.
C) It will require large, unmanageable sample sizes.
D) Sample sizes are too small for most methods of statistical analysis.
Q3) What can a nurse researcher use to restrict the study population to homogeneous groups of subjects?
A) Sampling
B) Self-selection
C) Eligibility criteria
D) Defining study limitations
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Chapter 13: Legal and Ethical Issues
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Q1) How should a completed and signed informed consent form be handled?
A) It is turned over to the agency's institutional review board (IRB) for safekeeping.
B) It is sent to the National Institutes of Health Office of Research Integrity.
C) It is filed in a locked filing cabinet, separate from data generated by the study.
D) It is copied, with one given to the participant and the other held by the researcher.
Q2) Which statement regarding informed consent is most accurate?
A) Informed consent needs to be sought only if the risks outweigh the benefits.
B) Informed consent is required if there are physical risks but not if there are psychological risks.
C) Researchers must obtain voluntary participation of subjects after informing them of possible risks and benefits.
D) A researcher is not obligated to seek informed consent if the details of the study could upset the subject and potentially affect the study outcome.
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Chapter 14: Data Collection Methods
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Q1) The nurse researcher is attempting to answer specific questions about families' perceptions of caring for elderly parents with dementia. What would be the most appropriate method of data collection for this study?
A) Field notes
B) Structured interview
C) Unstructured interview
D) Physiologic instrumentation
Q2) Which data collection method is most vulnerable to researcher bias?
A) Questionnaires
B) Available data
C) Observation methods
D) Physiologic measurement
Q3) Which data collection method can be assessed by asking, "Is there a provision for evaluating the accuracy of the instrument?"
A) Questionnaires
B) Interviews
C) Physiologic measurement
D) Records and databases
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Chapter 15: Reliability and Validity
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Q1) A new instrument has been determined to be highly valid. The nurse researcher should interpret this finding to mean what?
A) It is sensitive but not specific.
B) Its use results in minimal random errors.
C) It accurately measures level of mentation.
D) Determination of interrater reliability is unnecessary.
Q2) A group of researchers developing an instrument performed a test-retest on the instrument with an interval of 5 days. This testing resulted in a correlation coefficient of 0.38. The nurse researcher interprets this as being indicative of what?
A) Instrument is stable; high reliability
B) Instrument is stable; low reliability
C) Instrument is unstable; high reliability
D) Instrument is unstable; low reliability
Q3) A nurse researcher determines an instrument's homogeneity using which type of reliability?
A) Split-half reliability
B) Test-retest reliability
C) Interrater reliability
D) Alternate form reliability
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Chapter 16: Data Analysis: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
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Q1) The nurse researcher is interested in estimating how reliably data can be used to generalize the findings of a study. In order for this to occur, the researcher should use what?
A) Inferential statistics
B) Descriptive statistics
C) Nonparametric statistics
D) Mathematical statistics
Q2) The nurse researcher opts to group frequency data using large interval widths in a research study. Which problem may be encountered by using this type of interval widths?
A) Overlap can occur.
B) Patterns can be obscured.
C) Means cannot be determined.
D) Some data may not fit into any category.
Q3) A nurse researcher would opt to use measures of central tendency in which case?
A) When there is a need to describe how reliably the findings can be generalized
B) When there is a need to describe how much dispersion is in the sample
C) When there is a need to describe the accuracy of predictions made
D) When there is a need to describe the average member of the sample
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Chapter 17: Understanding Research Findings
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Q1) The nurse researcher can determine if the sampling size was adequate in which section of the report?
A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Literature review
D) Methods
Q2) In which section of the report will the nurse researcher address applicability to practice and future research?
A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Literature review
D) Methods
Q3) The nurse researcher questions the strength, quality, and consistency of the evidence provided by the findings. This is described in which part of the discussion section?
A) Inferences
B) Summary
C) Limitations
D) Recommendations
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Chapter 18: Appraising Quantitative Research
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Q1) Which critical appraisal question would evaluate the data analysis of a research report?
A) Would it be possible to replicate this study in another clinical setting?
B) Are the results of each hypothesis or research question presented and presented objectively?
C) Did testing of the hypothesis(es) or research question(s) clearly support or not support each hypothesis or research question?
D) Was there an observation guide?
Q2) How could the sample selection procedures used in a research study investigating the levels of depression occurring in blind and sighted adolescents make the sample of blind adolescents more homogeneous?
A) Eliminate subjects taking prescription medications
B) Narrow the age range of subjects to those between 13 and 18 years
C) Have the same person administer the questionnaire to all subjects
D) Avoid telling the subjects the nature of the study
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Chapter 19: Strategies and Tools for Developing an
Evidence-Based Practice
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Q1) What type of study would be most appropriate if a nurse researcher wants to answer a question about a patient's likely course in a disease trajectory?
A) Experimental
B) Longitudinal
C) Cross-sectional
D) Methodological
E) Quasi-experimental
Q2) Relative risk reduction is most accurately calculated as what?
A) EER + CER
B) EER - CER/CER
C) EER - CER
D) EER/CER
Q3) What type of study would be most appropriate if the nurse researcher is seeking to answer a question about the effectiveness of a particular treatment?
A) Descriptive
B) Correlational
C) Exploratory
D) Quasi-experimental
E) Qualitative
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Chapter 20: Developing an Evidence-Based Practice
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Q1) ___ determine methods and frequency of data collection
Q2) Which question should a nurse researcher consider in identifying key stakeholders?
A) When will system changes be necessary?
B) How will uncooperative stakeholders be handled?
C) What is the step-by-step process of decision making in implementing EBP?
D) Who can influence the decision to proceed with implementation of an EBP?
Q3) A nurse researcher is selecting a topic for an EBP project. Which type of topic would be most appropriate if the researcher is interested in developing an idea from a problem-focused trigger?
A) Treatment of heart failure
B) Increased incidence of deep venous thrombosis in trauma patients
C) Prevention of nosocomial pressure ulcers
D) Community-acquired pneumonia
Q4) ___ determine baseline and follow-up sample sizes
Q5) ___ collect data at specified intervals
Q6) ___ provide feedback of analyzed data to staff
Q7) ___ provide "on-site" feedback to staff regarding the progress in achieving the practice change
Q8) ___ train data collectors
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Chapter 21: Quality Improvement
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Q1) Lower costs and shorter cycle times through effective use of resources
A)Customer focus/patient focus
B)Leadership
C)Involvement of people
D)Process approach
E)System approach to management
F)Continual improvement
G)Factual approach to decision making
H)Mutually beneficial supplier relationships
Q2) To effectively influence improvements in the work setting and ensure that all patients consistently receive excellent care, it is important to do what? (Select all that apply.)
A) Align national, organizational, and unit level goals for QI
B) Recognize external drivers of quality
C) Develop skills to apply QI models and tools
D) Review previous attainment of predetermined standards
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