Nursing Fundamentals Practice Questions
Course Introduction
Nursing Fundamentals introduces students to the essential principles and practices of professional nursing. The course covers key topics such as the nursing process, patient assessment, basic care skills, communication, safety, infection control, and ethical considerations. Emphasis is placed on developing foundational clinical skills, understanding the roles and responsibilities of nurses within healthcare teams, and fostering compassionate, patient-centered care. Through a combination of theoretical instruction and hands-on practice, students gain the knowledge and confidence necessary to provide safe and effective care in various healthcare settings.
Recommended Textbook ECGs Made Easy 6th Edition by Barbara J Aehlert
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Anatomy and Physiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The apex of the heart is formed by the _____.
A) tip of the left ventricle
B) tip of the right atrium
C) right atrium and right ventricle
D) left atrium and left ventricle
Answer: A
Q2) What is meant by the term ejection fraction?
Answer: Ejection fraction is the percentage of blood pumped out of a heart chamber with each contraction. Each ventricle holds about 150 mL when it is full; they normally eject only about half this volume (70 to 80 mL) with each contraction.
Q3) The left atrium receives blood from the _____.
A) pulmonary veins
B) aorta
C) pulmonary arteries
D) inferior vena cava
Answer: A
Q4) __________ is the period during which a heart chamber is contracting and blood is being ejected.
Answer: Systole
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Chapter 2: Basic Electrophysiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following correctly reflects examples of ectopic (latent) pacemakers?
A) The SA node and AV junction
B) The AV junction and ventricles
C) The SA node and right bundle branch
D) The AV junction and left bundle branch
Answer: B
Q2) _____ is a term used to describe the period of recovery that cells need after being discharged before they are able to respond to a stimulus.
A) Irritability
B) Conductivity
C) Polarization
D) Refractoriness
Answer: D
Q3) When the cardiac muscle cell is stimulated, the cell is said to _____.
A) polarize
B) recover
C) depolarize
D) repolarize
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Sinus Mechanisms
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following are possible causes of sinus tachycardia?
A) Hypothermia, hypovolemia
B) Hypoxia, calcium channel blocker overdose
C) Fever, pain, anxiety
D) Vomiting, vagal maneuvers
Answer: C
Q2) An ECG rhythm strip shows a ventricular rate of 46 beats/min, a regular rhythm, a PR interval of 0.14 second, a QRS duration of 0.06 second, and one upright P wave before each QRS. This rhythm is _____.
A) sinus rhythm
B) sinus bradycardia
C) sinus arrest
D) sinoatrial block
Answer: B
Q3) The rate of a sinus rhythm is ____ beats/min.
A) slower than 60
B) 60 to 100
C) 80 to 120
D) faster than 100
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Atrial Rhythms
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Sample Questions
Q1) Delivery of an electrical current timed for delivery during the QRS complex is called defibrillation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following correctly describes multifocal atrial tachycardia?
A) Atrial rhythm is regular.
B) Ventricular rhythm is irregular.
C) Atrial and ventricular rhythms are regular.
D) Atrial and ventricular rhythms are irregular.
Q3) Upon conversion of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm, the patient should be observed for signs of a possible stroke.
A)True
B)False
Q4) How are frequent PACs usually managed?
A) Defibrillation
B) Synchronized cardioversion
C) Correcting the underlying cause
D) Administration of medications such as atropine or epinephrine
Q5) Delivery of an electrical current timed for delivery during the QRS complex is called
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Chapter 5: Junctional Rhythms
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Sample Questions
Q1) List four reasons why the AV junction may assume responsibility for pacing the heart.
Q2) Depending on the severity of the patient's signs and symptoms, management of slow rhythms originating from the AV junction may require intervention including _____.
A) defibrillation
B) intravenous atropine
C) synchronized cardioversion
D) vagal maneuvers or adenosine, or both
Q3) If seen, the P wave of a rhythm originating in the AV junction will appear _____ in lead II.
A) upright
B) inverted
C) tall and peaked
D) wide and notched
Q4) A beat originating from the AV junction that appears later than the next expected sinus beat is called a(n) _______________.
Q5) A(n) _____ pause often follows a PJC and represents the delay during which the SA node resets its rhythm for the next beat.
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7
Chapter 6: Ventricular Rhythms
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Sample Questions
Q1) The term premature ventricular complex is technically more correct than premature ventricular contraction.
A)True
B)False
Q2) List four reasons when the ventricles may assume responsibility for pacing the heart.
Q3) List three potential sites of origin of ectopic beats.
Q4) Which of the following best describes an idioventricular rhythm?
A) Rapid, chaotic rhythm with no pattern or regularity
B) Gradual alteration in the amplitude and direction of the QRS; atrial rate indiscernible; ventricular rate 150 to 250 beats/min
C) Essentially regular ventricular rhythm with QRS complexes measuring 0.12 second or greater; atrial rate not discernible; ventricular rate 20 to 40 beats/min
D) Regular ventricular rhythm with QRS complexes measuring less than 0.10 second; P waves may occur before, during, or after the QRS; ventricular rate 40 to 60 beats/min
Q5) List four common causes of premature ventricular complexes.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Atrioventricular Blocks
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Sample Questions
Q1) In second-degree AV block type I, the PR interval _____.
A) shortens
B) is absent
C) is inconstant
D) remains constant
Q2) A _____ bundle branch block produces a QS pattern in lead V<sub>1</sub>.
Q3) An ECG rhythm strip shows a regular ventricular rhythm at a rate of 30 beats/min, more P waves than QRS complexes (the P waves occur regularly), a variable PR interval, and a QRS duration of 0.14 second. This rhythm is _____.
A) 2:1 AV block
B) third-degree AV block
C) second-degree AV block type I
D) second-degree AV block type II
Q4) The ventricular rhythm is regular in second-degree AV block type I.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Most of the bundle branch tissue is supplied by the _____ coronary artery.
A) right
B) left
Q6) A _____ bundle branch block produces a RSR pattern in lead V<sub>1</sub>.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Pacemaker Rhythms
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Sample Questions
Q1) The first letter of the pacemaker identification code represents _____.
A) the chamber sensed
B) the chamber paced
C) the mode of response
D) programmable functions
Q2) Explain the difference between electrical capture and mechanical capture.
Q3) Explain the benefits of a dual-chamber pacemaker.
Q4) The second letter of the pacemaker identification code represents _____.
A) programmable functions
B) the chamber sensed
C) the mode of response
D) the chamber paced
Q5) Your patient has a VVI pacemaker. Briefly explain the meaning of each of these letters.
Q6) Describe what is meant by the term overdrive pacing.
Q7) A demand pacemaker is also known as a _____ pacemaker.
Q8) A(n) __________ is a vertical line on the ECG that indicates the artificial pacemaker has discharged.
Q9) Your patient has a DDD pacemaker. Briefly explain the meaning of each of these letters. Page 10
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Chapter 9: Introduction to the 12-Lead Electrocardiogram
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Sample Questions
Q1) The inferior wall of the left ventricle is supplied by the _____ coronary artery in most of the population.
A) left
B) right
Q2) List six leads that view the heart in the frontal plane.
Q3) Patients who experience a(n) _____ myocardial infarction have a greater incidence of heart failure and cardiogenic shock than those who have myocardial infarctions affecting other areas of the left ventricle.
A) lateral
B) posterior
C) inferior
D) anterior
Q4) A standard 12-lead ECG provides views of the heart in _____.
A) the frontal plane only
B) the sagittal plane only
C) the horizontal plane only
D) both the frontal and the horizontal planes
Q5) When reviewing a 12-lead ECG, intervals and duration are usually expressed in _____.
Q6) Explain the meaning of the letters in aVR, aVL, and aVF.
Page 12
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Chapter 10: Posttest
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following correctly describes multifocal atrial tachycardia?
A) The atrial rhythm is regular.
B) The ventricular rhythm is irregular.
C) The atrial and ventricular rhythms are regular.
D) The atrial and ventricular rhythms are irregular.
Q2) The term ectopic refers to an extra muscle bundle consisting of working myocardial tissue that forms a connection between the atria and ventricles outside the normal conduction system.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Individuals with preexcitation syndrome are predisposed to tachydysrhythmias.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A _____ bundle branch block produces a QS pattern in lead V<sub>1</sub>.
Q5) Explain the benefits of a dual-chamber pacemaker.
Q6) A Q wave, if present, is always a negative waveform.
A)True
B)False
Q7) List five signs or symptoms of decreased cardiac output.
Q8) Explain the meaning of the letters in aVR, aVL, and aVF.
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