Nursing Fundamentals
Final Exam
Course Introduction
Nursing Fundamentals introduces students to the essential concepts and principles of professional nursing. This course covers foundational topics such as patient safety, infection control, basic human needs, vital signs measurement, body mechanics, communication techniques, and ethical and legal responsibilities in healthcare. Students will develop practical skills in performing nursing procedures and learn the core elements of patient-centered care within diverse healthcare settings. Emphasis is placed on developing critical thinking, clinical judgment, and teamwork abilities, preparing students for further study and practice in the nursing profession.
Recommended Textbook
Medical Terminology for Health Care Professionals 9th Edition by Jane Rice
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21 Chapters
2480 Verified Questions
2480 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Medical Terminology
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119 Verified Questions
119 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the term prophylactic,the root prophylact means:
A) people.
B) shaping
C) guarding.
D) rule.
Answer: C
Q2) The suffix for suture is ________. Answer: -rrhaphy
Q3) Which of the following words means one-thousandth of a liter?
A) Centiliter
B) Kiloliter
C) Microliter
D) Milliliter
Answer: D
Q4) Write the correct abbreviation for obstetrics: Answer: OB
Q5) The meaning of the abbreviation Path is ________. Answer: pathology
Q6) Write the correct abbreviation for gram: Answer: g
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Chapter 2: Suffixes
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Sample Questions
Q1) The suffix -er means both relating to and:
A) action.
B) pertaining to.
C) nature.
D) one who.
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following terms means pertaining to a state of alertness?
A) comatose
B) arousal
C) grandiose
D) exogenous
Answer: B
Q3) If the root muscul means muscle,what is the literal meaning of muscular?
A) large muscles
B) developed muscles
C) pertaining to muscles
D) tightened muscles
Answer: C
Q4) The suffix ________ means motion.
Answer: -kinesis
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Chapter 3: Prefixes
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Sample Questions
Q1) The prefix for one thousandth is:
A) milli-.
B) multi-.
C) nulli-.
D) mono-.
Answer: A
Q2) What is the meaning of the prefix bi- as in the term bilateral?
A) in front of
B) two
C) separate
D) between
Answer: B
Q3) The prefix retro- means:
A) forward.
B) fast.
C) backward.
D) slow.
Answer: C
Q4) ________ means the process of having two forks,two branches,or two divisions.
Answer: Bifurcation
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Chapter 4: Organization of the Body
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Sample Questions
Q1) The tasteless,clear,odorless liquid that makes up 65% of a male's body weight and 55% of a female's body weight is ________.
Q2) Write the correct abbreviation for oxygen:
Q3) The ________ is responsible for the cell's metabolism,growth,and reproduction.
Q4) The pelvic cavity is subdivided into the cranial cavity and the pelvic cavity.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In the term homeostasis,the prefix homeo- means:
A) same.
B) different.
C) unequal.
D) equal.
Q6) The root in the word dehydrate means: A) cell.
B) body.
C) water.
D) filter.
Q7) The LUQ contains the stomach and spleen.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 5: Integumentary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) A fungal condition of the hair is known as tinea.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A pigment that gives color to the skin is called:
A) keratin.
B) melanin.
C) melanoma.
D) corneum.
Q3) Write the correct abbreviation for topical immunomodulators:
Q4) Write the correct abbreviation for skin graft:
Q5) Fingernails and toenails are composed of a hard protein substance called
Q6) Medications that are oily in nature are known as:
A) topicals.
B) keratolytics.
C) emollients.
D) antifungals.
Q7) The abbreviation for decubitus is ________.
Q8) Write the correct meaning for Bx:
Q9) Write the correct abbreviation for intradermal: Page 7
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Page 8
Chapter 6: Skeletal System
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106 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Write the correct abbreviation for fracture:
Q2) Which substance is increased in gout,arthritis,multiple myeloma,and rheumatism?
A) calcium
B) phosphorus
C) uric acid
D) alkaline phosphatase
Q3) The process of moving a body part backward is protraction.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The medical term for knock-knee is:
A) genu valgum.
B) genu varum.
C) hallux.
D) chondral.
Q5) In the term phosphorus,the root phos means:
A) foot.
B) finger and toe bones.
C) carrying.
D) light.
Q6) A slitlike opening between two bones is called a/an ________.
Page 9
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Chapter 7: Muscular System
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125 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A tumor of striated muscle tissue is a/an ________.
Q2) Myokinesis is defined as:
A) muscular motion.
B) muscular tone.
C) muscular atrophy.
D) none of the above
Q3) Smooth muscles are voluntary muscles,controlled by the conscious part of the brain.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the correct term for the surgical removal of a limb,part,or other appendage?
A) Contracture
B) Suspension
C) Amputation
D) Stricture
Q5) The Growers maneuver is used to identify leg weakness associated with muscular dystrophy.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Digestive System
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106 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Difficulty swallowing is known as dysphagia.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In the term dysentery,the prefix dys- means:
A) through.
B) difficult.
C) above.
D) suture.
Q3) Write the correct abbreviation for ulcerative colitis:
Q4) Frequent passage of unformed watery stools is called ________.
Q5) The creation of a new opening in the colon is called:
A) colostomy.
B) colotomy.
C) colorrhaphy.
D) colonic.
Q6) Write the correct abbreviation for Barrett esophagus:
Q7) The abbreviation for peptic ulcer disease is ________.
Q8) Write the correct meaning for CHO:
Q9) Write the correct abbreviation for carbohydrate:
Q10) An accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity is ________. Page 11
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Chapter 9: Cardiovascular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ heart failure is one of the most common types of cardiovascular disease seen in the older adult.
Q2) Mitral valve prolapse allows a backup of blood flow into the left atrium.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The surgical excision of the inner portion of an artery is called:
A) phlebotomy.
B) endocarditis.
C) embolism.
D) endarterectomy.
Q4) The SA node transmits electrical impulses to the bundle of His.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Write the correct abbreviation for sinoatrial (node):
Q6) Write the correct meaning for HDL:
Q7) Write the correct abbreviation for cardiac output:
Q8) ________ are microscopic blood vessels with thin walls that allow the passage of oxygen and nutrients to the body and let the blood pick up waste and carbon dioxide.
Q9) Write the correct abbreviation for atrioventricular:
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Chapter 10: Blood and Lymphatic System
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Sample Questions
Q1) A protein substance that is produced in the body in response to an invading foreign substance is called a/an:
A) antigen.
B) phagocyte.
C) platelet.
D) antibody.
Q2) An immature red blood cell is called a/an ________.
Q3) A genetic disease condition in which iron is not metabolized properly and accumulates in body tissue is called ________.
Q4) In the term autotransfusion,the prefix trans- means:
A) apart.
B) across.
C) between.
D) a span.
Q5) Write the correct abbreviation for Rhesus (factor):
Q6) Write the correct abbreviation for complete blood count:
Q7) The thymus is also considered to be one of the endocrine glands.
A)True
B)False
Q8) Write the correct abbreviation for acute lymphocytic leukemia:
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Chapter 11: Respiratory System
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is an incision into the trachea called?
A) tracheostomy
B) tracheotomy
C) laryngectomy
D) laryngotomy
Q2) The meaning of the abbreviation SARS is ________.
Q3) A ________ is an instrument used to measure lung volume.
A) laryngoscope
B) respirator
C) bronchoscope
D) spirometer
Q4) Write the correct meaning for ABGs:
Q5) A discharge from the nose is called:
A) rhinoplasty.
B) rhonchus.
C) rhinovirus.
D) rhinorrhea.
Q6) Write the correct meaning for AFB:
Q7) Write the correct abbreviation for tidal volume:
Q8) Write the correct meaning for ET:
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Chapter 12: Urinary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Surgical repair of the ureter is termed:
A) cystectomy.
B) ureteroplasty.
C) urethroperineal.
D) ureterostomy.
Q2) A urine test performed to determine the presence of microorganisms is:
A) BUN.
B) creatinine.
C) urine culture.
D) KUB.
Q3) A urinometer is used to test urine for:
A) specific gravity.
B) pH.
C) glucose.
D) protein.
Q4) In the term dysuria,the prefix dys- means:
A) without.
B) difficult, painful.
C) excessive.
D) many.
Page 16
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Chapter 13: Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The meaning of the abbreviation ACTH is ________.
Q2) Hypersecretion of cortisol may result in:
A) Cushing disease.
B) Addison disease.
C) diabetes mellitus.
D) Graves disease.
Q3) The surgical excision of the adrenal gland is termed:
A) adenectomy.
B) adrenalectomy.
C) adenoma.
D) adrenopathy.
Q4) A complication of hypothyroidism can be:
A) Heart disease.
B) Graves disease.
C) Addison disease.
D) Cushing disease.
Q5) Write the correct meaning for ADH:
Q6) ________ results from a deficiency in the secretion of adrenocortical hormones (cortisol).
Q7) Write the correct meaning for T :
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Chapter 14: Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord is ________.
Q2) A tumor of the meninges is known as: A) meningocele.
B) meningitis.
C) meningioma.
D) meningomyelocele.
Q3) Temporary loss of consciousness caused by a head injury is called: A) coma.
B) concussion.
C) chorea.
D) syncope.
Q4) A condition of lack of coordination of muscle movements is: A) ataxia. B) bradykinesia.
C) chorea.
D) cerebral palsy.
Q5) Motor neurons may be described as being ________ processes,as they transmit impulses away from the neural cell body to the muscles or organs to be innervated.
Q6) Write the correct meaning for TENS:
Q7) Write the correct abbreviation for electroencephalogram:
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Chapter 15: Special Senses: The Ear
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Sample Questions
Q1) The term for the surgical repair of the tympanic membrane is spelled:
A) myringectomy.
B) myringotomy.
C) myrigoplasty.
D) myringoplasty.
Q2) An antipyretic is an agent that reduces fever.
A)True
B)False
Q3) ________ is a flow of pus from the ear.
Q4) Write the correct meaning for HD:
Q5) What is an instrument used to measure hearing called?
A) otoscope
B) audiology
C) audiometer
D) myringoscope
Q6) Sustained noise over 85 decibels can cause permanent hearing loss.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Write the correct meaning for AC:
Q8) The largest of the three ossicles,also called the hammer,is the ________.
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Chapter 16: Special Senses: The Eye
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ________ is a cone-shaped cavity in the front of the skull that contains the eyeball.
Q2) ________ are sensitive to dim light and are used for night vision.
Q3) The photosensitive cells of the retina are the ________ and cones.
Q4) A/An ________ is an agent that causes the pupil to dilate.
Q5) The middle,or vascular,layer of the eyeball is called: A) iris.
B) cornea.
C) retina.
D) uvea.
Q6) Inflammation of the conjunctiva is termed: A) conjunctivitis.
B) xenophthalmia.
C) xerophthalmia.
D) trichiasis.
Q7) The ________ is a thickened portion of the vascular membrane to which the iris is attached.
Q8) The ________ is composed of special anatomical structures that work together to facilitate sight.
Q9) Write the correct abbreviation for esotropia: Page 20
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Page 21
Chapter 17: Female Reproductive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ________ is/are also called the uterine tubes or oviducts.
A) ovary
B) eustachian tubes
C) fallopian tubes
D) vagina
Q2) Delivery of the placenta occurs during the expulsion stage of labor.
A)True
B)False
Q3) An example of the minipill oral contraceptive is:
A) Brevicon.
B) Nexplanon.
C) Ogen.
D) Depo-Provera.
Q4) In the term oogenesis,the suffix -genesis means:
A) formation, produce.
B) rupture.
C) movement.
D) hardening.
Q5) Write the correct meaning for STIs:
Q6) Write the correct meaning for GTT:
Page 22
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Chapter 18: Male Reproductive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The meaning of the abbreviation TUNA is ________.
Q2) What goes through the prostate and opens into the prostatic portion of the urethra?
A) ejaculatory duct
B) ductus deferens
C) seminal duct
D) prostatic duct
Q3) ________ is a condition of excessive development of the mammary glands in the male.
Q4) Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in men.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A lack of one or both testes is called:
A) azoospermia.
B) aspermia.
C) anorchism.
D) anarchism.
Q6) Testosterone is responsible for secondary male characteristics.
A)True
B)False
Page 23
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Chapter 19: Oncology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Myelomas are cancer of the ________.
Q2) Sarcomas are tumors of connective tissue. A)True
B)False
Q3) Write the correct meaning for PSA:
Q4) When normal cells become malignant it is known as:
A) differentiation.
B) encapsulated.
C) dedifferentiation.
D) neoplasm.
Q5) All of the following are ways that malignant cells spread to body parts except: A) active migration.
B) direct extension.
C) metastasis.
D) exacerbation.
Q6) The root sarc means:
A) to change.
B) cancer.
C) flesh.
D) tumor.
Page 24
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Chapter 20: Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cobalt treatment treats disease with the use of radioactive substances.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The process of using ultrasound as a diagnostic tool is:
A) fluoroscopy.
B) cineradiography.
C) echography.
D) radiography.
Q3) A/An ________ is the process of projecting x-ray images in a movielike sequence onto a screen monitor.
Q4) An instrument used to record an electrical wave visually on a fluorescent screen is a/an:
A) radioscopy.
B) microscope.
C) oscilloscope.
D) endoscope.
Q5) If the x-ray beam passes from one side of the patient's body to the opposite side to reach the film,this is known as the ________ position.
Q6) Write the correct abbreviation for magnetic resonance imaging:
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Chapter 21: Mental Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) The observable evidence of an individual's emotional reaction associated with an experience is called a/an:
A) psychosis.
B) hallucination.
C) affect.
D) apathy.
Q2) An abnormal fear of high places is called: A) acrophobia.
B) hemophobia.
C) arachnophobia.
D) claustrophobia.
Q3) The most common psychiatric disorder that appears in childhood is OCD.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Electroconvulsive therapy is used to stimulate muscles and check response time.
A)True
B)False
Q5) WHO defines health solely as the absence of disease or infirmity.
A)True
B)False
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