Nursing Ethics and Legal Issues Exam
Materials
Course Introduction
This course explores the ethical and legal frameworks that guide professional nursing practice. Students will examine core ethical principles such as autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice, as well as their application in real-world clinical scenarios. The course covers topics including patient rights, informed consent, confidentiality, advocacy, and end-of-life decision-making. Additionally, students will gain an understanding of relevant legal issues such as malpractice, negligence, licensure, and institutional policies. Through case studies and reflective learning, the course prepares students to recognize, analyze, and respond to ethical and legal challenges in healthcare settings, ensuring safe, holistic, and legally compliant patient care.
Recommended Textbook
Nursing Now! Todays Issues Tomorrows Trends 6th Edition by Joseph T. Catalano
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26 Chapters
618 Verified Questions
618 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Development of the Profession
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16 Verified Questions
16 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) List in correct order the progression of the levels of health-care providers from the least educated to the most.
____ Advanced practice nurse
____ LPN-VN
____ ADN-RN
____ UAP
____ BSN-RN
Answer: 4, 2, 3, 5, 1
4 2 3 5 1
Q2) What allows a nurse to exert referent power over a client when providing nursing care?
A)The ability to withhold pain medication if the client does not comply with routines
B)The ability to provide the client with additional food when he or she does comply with the nurse's requests
C)The power given to the nurse by reason of state licensure
D)The establishment of a professional and personal relationship with the client
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Historical Perspectives
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18 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the dates of Florence Nightingale's birth and death?
A)March 3, 1578; June 10, 1657
B)January 9, 1715; September 30, 1785
C)May 12, 1820; August 13, 1910
D)April 15, 1932; December 10, 1957
Answer: C
Q2) Which problem had the most effect on nursing education during the 1920s and 1930s?
A)Too many college-based schools of nursing
B)A lack of qualified nursing instructors
C)Too many nursing students from the lower and middle classes
D)Not enough demand for educated nurses
Answer: B
Q3) The Dark Ages brought the advent of _____________________that were composed exclusively of men who wore suits of armor to protect themselves and their hospitals.
Answer: military nursing orders
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Chapter 3: The Evolution of Licensure, Certification, and Nursing Organizations
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the most important factors in recent changes that have occurred in the health-care system is demands by ______________________for higher quality care.
Answer: health-care consumers health care consumers
Q2) Which group composes the primary membership in the American Nurses Association?
A)Schools of nursing
B)Health-care facilities such as hospitals
C)Individual nurses
D)State nursing organizations
Answer: D
Q3) What is the primary goal of the National Student Nurses Organization?
A)Changing curricula in schools of nursing to allow more students to graduate
B)Eliminating poor and unprofessional nursing professors from schools of nursing
C)Maintaining high standards of education in schools of nursing
D)Keeping unqualified students from entering the profession
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Theories and Models of Nursing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Select all the elements from the list below that are considered to be key to the King model of nursing.
A) Action
B) Transaction
C) Rejection
D) Feedback
E) Teaching
F) Interaction
Q2) How can most living organisms be classified in general systems theory?
A)Open systems
B)Closed systems
C)Subsystems
D)Macrosystems
Q3) Upon which principle is Neuman's Health-Care Systems Model based?
A)Use of systems theory only
B)Behavior as the key to preventing illness
C)Nurse-centered rather than client-centered
D)Alteration of environmental stressors leads to health
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6
Chapter 5: The Process of Educating Nurses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which practice of diploma nursing programs most concerned the state boards of nursing?
A)Excessive use of classroom time during the program
B)Mandatory housing of the students in a closed dormitory near the hospital
C)Use of the students as unpaid hospital personnel during their education programs
D)High failure rates of diploma graduates on the National Council Licensure (NCLEX) examinations
Q2) Identify an important function that a nurse serving as a case manager would be required to perform.
A)Overseeing client care during rehabilitation at home
B)Using provider-centered models to control health-care costs
C)Guiding the care provided by physicians over the course of an illness
D)Ensuring the high quality of care at all points of interaction with the health-care system
Q3) Select all of the elements from the list below that are QSEN competencies.
A)Quality improvement
B)Outcome-based education
C)Teamwork and collaboration
D)Informatics
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Critical Thinking
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which step of the nursing process identifies the success or failure of the plan of care developed by a nurse?
A)Assessment
B)Evaluation
C)Analysis
D)Implementation
Q2) How can nurses best deal with the value systems of clients for whom they are providing care?
A)Nurses must learn to disregard the value systems of the clients they work with to provide the best care.
B)The nurse's value system must be set aside when working with clients who have different value systems.
C)Nurses must adapt and change their value systems to conform with the value systems of the clients being cared for.
D)Nurses must recognize that their personal value system influences how situations are perceived and what decisions are made.
Q3) A ________________is generally defined as an error in reasoning that leads to a conclusion that does not follow from its premises.
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8
Chapter 7: Ethics in Nursing
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the ethical principle that requires that the primary goal of health care and nursing is to do good for others?
A)Autonomy
B)Fidelity
C)Beneficence
D)Veracity
Q2) Over time, popular acceptance of ________________rights can give them force of ________________rights.
Q3) What is the best definition of the ethical principle of nonmaleficence?
A)Health-care workers avoiding harm to clients
B)Telling the truth to clients in all matters
C)Being faithful to commitments made to clients
D)The right of self-determination of clients
Q4) Identify the name of the system of ethical decision-making that is based on the "greatest good" principle.
A)Egoism
B)Utilitarianism
C)Deontological
D)Jurisdictional
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Chapter 8: Bioethical Issues
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify the outcome that best demonstrates a critical care nurse's successful application of the ethical principle of veracity to the care of a client who was diagnosed with late-stage pancreatic cancer.
A)The client is aware of his or her diagnosis despite attempts of the family to withhold that information.
B)The client is beginning to be able to use simple words to express his or her needs.
C)The family has been taught the necessary skills to care for the client at home with the supervision of a home health-care nurse.
D)There is no evidence of skin breakdown on bony pressure points, and the client's shoulder and hip on the affected side remain intact.
Q2) A client in the intensive care unit has a "do not resuscitate" (DNR) order on his chart. What does the nurse caring for him need to recognize about DNR orders?
A)DNR orders may be given orally by the physician.
B)There is no specific time limit to DNR orders.
C)DNR orders protect the client's family from making difficult decisions.
D)DNR orders must be written by the physician.
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Chapter 9: Nursing Law and Liability
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26 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) How can the legal term "tort" best be defined?
A)It is a violation of the criminal law.
B)If proven guilty, the defendant will go to prison.
C)It is a violation of the civil law.
D)It is something that is good to have for breakfast.
Q2) The newborn nursery is desperately short of staff. A nurse agrees to work an extra shift. During the 14th hour on duty, the nurse makes a medication error. Because the nurse was filling a "desperate" staffing need and therefore was fatigued, what is the legal responsibility of the nurse?
A)The hospital accepts full responsibility for the negligent act.
B)The nurse is held to the same standard of care as any nurse with her education and experience.
C)No legal action can be brought against the nurse because it was an issue of extreme need.
D)The nurse's legal responsibilities are met if an incident report is filed.
Q3) What is another term that can be used for professional negligence?
A)Crime
B)Consent
C)Misdemeanor
D)Malpractice
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Chapter 10: How to Take and Pass Tests
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74 Verified Questions
74 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) During a well-child visit to the clinic, the nurse notes that a 4-month-old girl is alert and responsive and has a positive Moro reflex. Identify the statement by the nurse to the mother about the child's growth and development that is most appropriate.
A)Your child is developing normally, so bring her back in 1 month for a checkup.
B)There appears to be a neurological delay in your child's development.We will need to refer her to a pediatrician.
C)Your child needs more stimulation at home.Play lively music when she is in her crib.
D)Your child has a severe developmental delay due to lack of proper care.I'm going to have to report you to social services.
Q2) After her first week on a busy medical surgical unit, the new charge nurse notes that the individual nurses are highly competent but seem to be unable to function productively as a team. Select the action by the charge nurse that would best facilitate team building among the staff.
A)Provide an opportunity for the nurses to expresses feelings and emotions.
B)Hire more staff to reduce stress and fatigue from understaffing.
C)Allow the staff more input into important policy decision making.
D)Give the staff more time to adjust to the change in charge nurses.
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Chapter 11: Nclex: What You Need to Know
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Choose the position that the nurse should place a client in to best relieve the midsternal chest pain caused by pericarditis secondary to a viral infection.
A)Head elevated 30 to 40 degrees
B)Flat in bed in the supine position
C)Trendelenburg's to help promote drainage of the excessive pericardial fluid
D)Sitting up 90 degrees and leaning forward
Q2) A 78-year-old client who experiences angina after even minimal activity is treated with medications. Identify the medication mode of action that the nurse would give to best decrease myocardial oxygen consumption and reduce chest pain.
A)Increase preload
B)Reduce afterload
C)Reduce preload
D)Increase contractility
Q3) What statement is most accurate about the NCLEX-CAT, RN?
A)It is a certification examination taken by all nurses.
B)It is too difficult for most new graduates to pass the first time.
C)It is unnecessary in states where institutional licensure is the rule.
D)It is required of all nurses for licensure.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Reality Shock in the Workplace
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Sample Questions
Q1) The purpose of a resume is to provide the facility with a ________________in as ________________as possible.Multiple Response
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
Q2) How can a nursing student best lessen role conflict after graduation?
A)Become involved in an internship between the junior and senior years in nursing school.
B)Avoid contact with nurses in the hospital because they have a very negative attitude.
C)Seek psychological counseling with a qualified psychotherapist.
D)Discuss emotions and feelings about nursing school with other nursing students at least once a week.
Q3) What should a new graduate nurse consider the most important characteristic when developing personal long-term goals?
A)Are planned for at least 10 years in the future
B)Can be achieved exactly as planned
C)Remain flexible
D)Consider every possible contingency along the way
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14
Chapter 13: Principles of Leadership and Management
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22 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) After her first week working on a busy medical/surgical unit, a new charge nurse notes that the individual nurses are highly competent but seem to be unable to function productively as a team. Select the action by the charge nurse that would best facilitate team building among the staff.
A)Provide an opportunity for the nurses to express their feelings and emotions.
B)Hire more staff members to reduce stress and fatigue from understaffing.
C)Allow the staff more input into important policy decision-making.
D)Give the staff members more time to adjust to the change in charge nurses.
Q2) A leader with a low relationship/low task orientation presents a leadership style that is most similar to which leadership approach?
A)Democratic
B)Laissez-faire
C)Authoritarian
D)Benevolent
Q3) Based on a task-oriented philosophy, ____________________ requires each person to perform a specific job that is narrowly defined according to the needs of the unit.
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Chapter 14: Communicating Successfully
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement by a nurse manager during a staff meeting best demonstrates use of an assertive style of communication?
A)"I am the manager, and we will do it my way."
B)"I'm sorry, but your suggestion was useless to solving the problem."
C)"I really don't care; do it the way you think best."
D)"You have made some good points, but I have another suggestion."
Q2) What role does anger play in communication?
A)It is always negative and destructive.
B)It can be used positively to produce change.
C)It should be held in as a controlled rage.
D)It needs to be expressed immediately.
Q3) What function do personal standards fulfill in a person's life?
A)Determining a person's sense of right and wrong
B)Forming the basis for a code of ethics
C)Acting as more specific criteria for behavior
D)Determining how a person responds to individual situations
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16
Chapter 15: Incivility: the Antithesis of Caring
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is an example of horizontal violence?
A)A student talking back to an instructor in the classroom
B)Posting false and derogatory information on YouTube about a fellow student
C)Faculty assigning additional homework when students fall asleep during class
D)Keying the cars of faculty who are unreasonable and unfair
Q2) What is the first step in defusing the spiral of incivility?
A)Reflection upon the problem
B)Developing a plan to resolve the problem
C)Active listening to a fellow worker's accounts of incivility
D)Reporting the incident to a superior
Q3) What has been identified as a key element to effective education of nursing students?
A)A feeling of personal safety in the classroom setting
B)Low stress levels produced by decreased work assignments
C)Permitting students to use cell phones during classes
D)High-quality interpersonal relationships between students and teachers
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Chapter 16: Delegation in Nursing
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the most appropriate assignment for a nurse who has 10 years of experience in a neurological ICU when floated to a pediatric oncology unit?
A)A 3-year-old boy with leukemia who has contracted bacterial meningitis
B)A 6-year-old boy with osteogenic sarcoma
C)An 18-month-old infant postsurgery with a neuroblastoma
D)A 14-year-old girl with a pheochromocytoma and adrenalectomy
Q2) When a nurse delegates a task, who is responsible for ensuring that the task was completed as assigned?
A)The person to whom the task was delegated
B)The physician who ordered the task
C)The nurse manager
D)The nurse who delegated the task
Q3) What is the first step in the delegation process?
A)Obtaining permission from the client for another care provider to help with the care
B)Instructing the person to whom the task is delegated about the assignment
C)Determining the skill level of the person to whom the task is to be delegated
D)Allowing the person to observe the RN performing the task before making the assignment
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Chapter 17: Governance and Collective Bargaining
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify the key element in the fee-for-service model of governance.
A)Clients are billed separately for nursing services.
B)All clients are billed the same amount for nursing services.
C)Nursing care is included in the overall room bill sent to the client.
D)A functional nursing model is required to implement fee for service.
Q2) What is an important consequence of the Supreme Court ruling in 1991 concerning collective bargaining units for health-care providers?
A)It eliminated the right of nurses and other health-care providers to join unions.
B)It excluded nonprofit hospitals and their employees from coverage by the National Labor Relations Board.
C)It permitted all-RN bargaining units to be formed.
D)It defined 10 separate bargaining units that were appropriate for hospitals.
Q3) Identify a goal of collective bargaining that is often overlooked by management but is important to nursing.
A)Improved staffing and higher quality personnel
B)Better salaries and more benefits
C)Maintaining and promoting professional practice
D)Overtime pay and personal holidays
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Chapter 18: Health-Care Delivery Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the primary focus of nurse-run clinics?
A)Health promotion
B)Disease cure
C)Pregnancy counseling services
D)Cost control
Q2) What is acute care of sick persons that is provided in hospitals called?
A)Primary intervention
B)Secondary intervention
C)Tertiary intervention
D)Assistive intervention
Q3) The primary difference between HMOs and independent practice associations (IPAs) is that under the IPA system:
A)Physicians lose much of their control over health-care delivery
B)Clients pay on fee-for-service basis rather than prepaid premiums
C)Nurses receive reimbursement on an individual basis for the care they provide
D)The number of services provided is not limited
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Chapter 19: Nursing Informatics
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the primary concern that health-care providers have in the use of computers in client care?
A)The ability to maintain privacy and confidentiality
B)The training and knowledge required by nurses to use the system effectively
C)The ability to provide quality care when the computers malfunction
D)The legal implications of having a computerized record of every aspect of client care
Q2) What advantage does the electronic health record (EHR) system have over traditional paper systems?
A)More portable
B)Unbreakable
C)Fewer privacy issues
D)Reduces redundancy
Q3) Which process is used in synthesizing data into information to create knowledge?
A)Circular
B)Linear
C)Elliptical
D)Scientific
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21
Chapter 20: The Politically Active Nurse
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the primary purpose of the American Nurses Association-Political Action Committees (ANA-PACs)?
A)Persuade public officials to work for legislation nurses consider important.
B)Influence the outcome of elections.
C)Prevent bills that are negative for nursing from being introduced in Congress.
D)Attempt to change the minds of legislators already serving in Congress.
Q2) What is the best method for nurses to influence those in power?
A)Take an active role in institutional decision-making
B)Remain current with trends and issues in nursing
C)Serve on hospital and community health-care committees
D)Join unions
Q3) Identify a valuable source of information about political issues that affect the profession of nursing.
A)The American Nurse
B)Nursing 2003
C)Davis Drug Guide
D)Nursing Now
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Chapter 21: Spirituality and Health Care
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify the term used when a person lives with consciousness of a reality beyond what is knowable through the five senses and is aware of a transcendent reality.
A)Religion
B)Spirituality
C)Truth
D)Meditation
Q2) A nurse employed in a critical care unit is experiencing a high level of anxiety related to work stress. In identifying and ranking the nurse's sources of stress, which would receive the lowest priority?
A)Lack of adequate staffing and mandatory overtime
B)Lack of control in decision-making and autonomy
C)Receiving a 2.5% annual raise because of revenue loss by the hospital
D)Frequent deaths of critically ill clients
Q3) Identify the purpose of spiritual modes of healing.
A)They always produce physical cure.
B)They are used only with clients who have a strong belief in God.
C)They enhance comfort and produce an inner peace with disability or death.
D)They are used only by members of the clergy.
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Chapter 22: Cultural Diversity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement accurately describes minority nurses in the United States?
A)They mirror the ethnic composition of the country as a whole.
B)They compose about 10% of all nurses.
C)They are increasing in numbers proportionate to the general population.
D)They are expected to outnumber nonminority nurses by the year 2080.
Q2) A client from an Asian background responds to the nurse's discharge instructions by nodding and smiling. How should the nurse interpret this response?
A)The client understands the information and will be very compliant when discharged.
B)The client really does not understand the instructions and has no intention of following them at home.
C)It is a way of showing respect for the nurse's authority and avoiding confrontation.
D)All friendly and happy Asian clients express themselves this way.
Q3) Developed from a long-term process and based on a need for group survival, ________________are neither right nor wrong.
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Chapter 23: Developments in Current Nursing Practice
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Q1) Which factor has served to limit the strategies for prevention of secondary victimization from the health-care system?
A)The trend of treating violence as a major criminal justice and health problem
B)The use of a health-oriented model for understanding victims
C)The view that violence and victimization are only caused by criminals
D)The focus on public education and early detection of victimization
Q2) Which element is usually excluded from forming the scientific knowledge base of forensic nursing?
A)Criminal justice
B)Police science
C)Theological concepts
D)Legal studies
Q3) What is the most accurate description of clinical forensic nursing?
A)Management of crime victims from trauma to trial
B)Collection of both physical and psychosocial evidence
C)Provision of mental health treatment for victims
D)Recognizing and guaranteeing the human rights of those who are incarcerated
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Chapter 24: Client Education: a Moral Imperative
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Q1) What was the key evidence-based finding that resulted from a study conducted in Denver in 1994 that compared the teaching of professional nurses with the teaching conducted by paraprofessional health-care providers in home health-care situations?
A)The teaching was comparable between the two groups.
B)Paraprofessionals teaching were much more cost effective than registered nurses.
C)Caution should be used in allowing health-care providers other than registered nurses to make home health-care visits.
D)The rates of readmissions were lower for the clients who were taught by paraprofessionals than it was with those taught by registered nurses.
Q2) Select the element in managed care that has contributed to the need for increased client education.
A)Use of the team method of nursing care
B)High rates of nosocomial infections
C)Emphasis on increased client responsibility for care
D)Physician control of the health-care environment
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Chapter 25: Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice
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Q1) It is important for nurses to develop the skill of ________________so that they will have the ability to understand the research process and then be able to sift through and carefully assesses all available and credible research findings.
Q2) Nursing research has been expanding as opportunities for graduate education in nursing increases. Which of the following is true regarding primary research roles by education level?
A)The associate-degree nurse is qualified to share research finding with colleagues.
B)The baccalaureate-degree nurse may read, interpret, and evaluate research for its application to nursing practice.
C)Nurses prepared at the master's level provide leadership in conducting independent investigations in nursing.
D)The doctoral-prepared nurse assists others in applying scientific knowledge in nursing practice.
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Chapter 26: Alternative and Complementary Healing Practices
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Sample Questions
Q1) With the goal of restoring the natural movement of vital forces, life essences, or other such vitalities, ________________bring balance back to factors disturbed by diseases or trauma.
Q2) Some cultures do not prescribe herbs based on the biologic effects of their chemical ingredients but rather use the _____________________by which they are prescribed on the basis of their physical and taste characteristics; for example, herbs with heart-shaped leaves are used to treat heart problems.Multiple Response Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
Q3) Why is the term healing preferred to medicine when referring to alternative and complementary modalities?
A)Medicine implies that only physicians can carry out the treatment.
B)The treatments are based on holistic philosophies that go beyond treatment or cure of the physiologic dimensions of care.
C)Clients might associate alternative treatments with hospital care.
D)Nurses have had a strong influence in naming this modality.
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