Nursing Across the Lifespan Test Preparation
Course Introduction
Nursing Across the Lifespan explores the principles and practices of nursing care as they relate to individuals at all stages of life, from infancy to older adulthood. The course emphasizes the physiological, psychological, social, and developmental needs unique to each age group and highlights how cultural, familial, and environmental factors influence health and wellness. Students learn to assess health status, identify risk factors, and apply appropriate nursing interventions tailored to the unique needs of pediatric, adult, and geriatric populations. Through case studies and real-world scenarios, the course fosters critical thinking, compassion, and a holistic approach to delivering evidence-based care across diverse populations.
Recommended Textbook Essentials of Life Span Development 1st Edition by John W. Santrock
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17 Chapters
2063 Verified Questions
2063 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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185 Verified Questions
185 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What does the traditional view of human development state about developmental change in adulthood?
A) There are few or no changes that occur during adulthood.
B) There are extreme changes that occur during adulthood.
C) There are constant changes that occur during adulthood.
D) There are more changes in earlier adulthood than in later adulthood.
Answer: A
Q2) Informed consent in research contains all of the following,EXCEPT A) risks.
B) right to withdraw.
C) detailed hypothesis.
D) description of what is involved.
Answer: C
Q3) A developmental design where people of different ages are studied at the same time.
Answer: cross-sectional
Q4) This cognitive theorist focused on the role of culture in the development of mind and thinking.
Answer: Lev Vygotsky
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Chapter 2: Biological Beginnings
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159 Verified Questions
159 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) List and briefly explain three of the five ideas proposed by evolutionary developmental psychology.
Answer: An extended juvenile period evolved because humans need time to develop large brains and to learn the complexities of human society.Many evolved psychological mechanisms are domain-specific.Evolved mechanisms are not always adaptive in contemporary society.
Q2) Malorie was born in her mother's 32nd week of pregnancy.Malorie would be termed a ________ baby.
A) preterm
B) small for date
C) low birth weight
D) normal
Answer: A
Q3) The Apgar scale is a method used to assess the health of newborns.A score of 3 would
A) indicate that the newborn's condition is good.
B) signal that there may be some developmental difficulties.
C) signal an emergency because the baby's survival is in doubt.
D) indicate that the evaluator has not made a proper reading.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Prenatal Development and Birth
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204 Verified Questions
204 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) The brain is (almost)completely developed at birth.
B) Some brain development continues after birth.
C) Extensive brain development continues after birth.
D) The brain is (almost)completely developed at birth for children who were born "on time." Extensive development continues after birth for children who were born prematurely.
Answer: C
Q2) Kyoko is 13 months old and can understand about 50 words but can say only about 10 words.Kyoko's __________ vocabulary is more developed than her __________ vocabulary.
A) expressive; spoken
B) spoken; receptive
C) receptive; spoken
D) spoken; expressive
Answer: C
Q3) According to Jean Piaget,actions or mental representations that organize knowledge in infancy.
Answer: behavioral schemes
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Physical Development and Health
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Jerome Kagan (2002,2003),temperament can be classified by focusing on:
A) Differences between children who are considered easy and those considered more difficult.
B) Differences between children who are usually cheerful and those who cry a lot of the time.
C) Differences between children who are shy and timid and those who are sociable and bold.
D) Differences between children who are high on effortful control and those who are low on it.
Q2) A criticism of attachment theory is that
A) other factors may be more important to an infant's adaptations to life.
B) there are different types of attachment,not just one type.
C) the theory does not explain how attachment relates to other aspects of development such as social development.
D) the theory indicates that children can become attached to parents who are insensitive or abusive.
Q3) Distinguish between reflexive and social smiles.
Q4) List the three types of cries that have been identified in babies.
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Chapter 5: Motor,Sensory,and Perceptual Development
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111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Focusing of one's attention on one salient characteristic of a situation while excluding all other characteristics.
Q2) Sanjay and Ryan are 4-year-old friends.When they are together,they often wrestle,run,race,push,and shove each other.Although their level of activity often aggravates their parents,we know that this activity will
A) help the boys develop gross motor skills.
B) stop when their brains become better myelinated.
C) be temporary,because it is not normal for children this age.
D) help the boys develop the fine motor skills they will need in kindergarten.
Q3) When teachers adjust their level of support and guidance to the level of skill of the student,it is called
A) modeling.
B) assimilating.
C) scaffolding.
D) zone of proximal development (ZPD).
Q4) Briefly describe the characteristics of the Montessori and child-centered kindergarten approaches to early childhood education.
Q5) Define centration.
Q6) The focusing of cognitive resources.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Cognitive Developmental Approaches
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134 Verified Questions
134 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Penelope has low self-esteem and is unhappy.She appears to be anxious around her peers and has few friends.Her teacher asks her why she sat by herself at lunch.Penelope stated that the other kids would not want her to join them,because she is ugly and dumb.It is most likely that she grew up in a home with parents who were
A) authoritarian.
B) authoritative.
C) indulgent.
D) neglectful.
Q2) Research on peer pressure to conform to traditional gender roles suggests that A) there is greater pressure for boys.
B) there is greater pressure for girls.
C) pressure to conform is equal for both boys and girls.
D) neither boys nor girls are pressured by their peers to conform.
Q3) In general terms,the preschool child's understanding of self is A) concrete.
B) abstract.
C) symbolic.
D) transitory.
Q4) The belief that when a rule is broken,punishment is sure to follow.
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Chapter 7: Information Processing
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134 Verified Questions
134 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Carmenita is teaching her son to read by sounding out words in storybooks she reads to him.What approach is she using?
A) whole-language
B) phonics
C) balanced instruction
D) sound-it-out
Q2) Discuss what IDEA does.
Q3) Which public service announcement would be most beneficial in preventing cultural-familial retardation?
A) Protect your children from exposure to lead.
B) Give your children an enriched environment.
C) Make children's nutrition your number one priority.
D) Do not conceive any children after the age of 40.
Q4) Tests of intelligence that are intended to be free of cultural biases.
Q5) What is giftedness? Name three characteristics of the gifted child.
Q6) This theorist argued that convergent thinking and divergent thinking were two qualitatively different ways of thinking.
Q7) A kind of thinking that is characterized by reflection,productivity,and evaluation of evidence.
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Chapter 8: Intelligence
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) List at least three ways to help children cope with stress.
Q2) Self-esteem is to _______ self-evaluation as self-concept is to _______ self-evaluation.
A) global; domain-specific
B) personal; academic
C) subjective; objective
D) interpersonal; intrapersonal
Q3) In terms of self-understanding,children in late childhood are MORE likely than children in early childhood to A) compare themselves with their peers.
B) compare themselves with role models.
C) use physical characteristics to describe themselves.
D) use outer states to describe themselves.
Q4) Jeff is independent,flexible,cheerful,friendly,assertive,tactful,comfortable with making decisions,sensitive to the feelings of others,and sympathetic.Jeff can best be described as
A) masculine.
B) feminine.
C) androgynous.
D) transcendent.
10
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Chapter 9: Language Development
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Adolescents tend to respond with "gut" reactions to emotional stimuli,while adults are more likely to respond in more rational,reasoned ways.Recent research suggests that this may be because:
A) adults have a more completely developed prefrontal cortex.
B) adults have a more completely developed amygdala.
C) adolescents have a less completely developed cerebellum.
D) adolescents have a less completely developed occipital lobe.
Q2) It is difficult to know exactly when puberty begins and ends because:
A) it is a sudden process with few distinguishing physical events.
B) it is a gradual process involving multiple distinguishing events.
C) it is completed before the adolescent is aware of what is happening.
D) adolescents do not confide about bodily changes to parents or doctors.
Q3) The cognitive ability to solve problems that develops in adolescence is termed ________ by Jean Piaget.
A) trial-and-error reasoning
B) hypothetical-deductive reasoning
C) formal thinking
D) logical reasoning
Q4) List four benefits for students of service learning programs.
Q5) A girl's first menstruation.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Emotional Development
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106 Verified Questions
106 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) This theorist suggested that one's main task in establishing an identity is to balance the need for individuality and the need for connectedness.
Q2) Which group of U.S.adolescents has the lowest rate of juvenile criminal offenses?
A) females
B) African Americans
C) the poor
D) Latinos
Q3) Assimilation is to _______,as pluralism is to _______.
A) absorption; coexistence.
B) coexistence; absorption.
C) cognitive dimension; social dimension.
D) social dimension; cognitive dimension.
Q4) In the study of adolescent development,many differences that are found between ethnic groups (African-Americans,whites,Latinos,etc.)are really results of:
A) race.
B) genetics.
C) cultural mores.
D) socioeconomic levels.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: The Self and Identity
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72 Verified Questions
72 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In 2003,the results of a longitudinal study of young adults in the United States documented that:
A) very few of the sample were financially independent of their family of origin.
B) over half of the sample were financially independent of their family of origin.
C) all subjects in the sample were financially independent of their family of origin.
D) all subjects in the sample reported feeling ashamed of needing financial help.
Q2) The only necessary criterion for sexual harassment is:
A) inappropriate physical contact.
B) inappropriate sexual remarks.
C) blatant propositions or assaults.
D) a victim's sense of exploitation.
Q3) This theorist coined the term "emerging adulthood" to describe the transition from adolescence to adulthood in the United States.
Q4) Sustained exercise (e.g.,jogging,swimming)that stimulates heart and lung activity.
Q5) Explain the postformal stage of thought.
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13
Chapter 12: Gender
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74 Verified Questions
74 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Living together in a sexual relationship without being married.
Q2) On average,divorced adults remarry within __ years after divorcing.
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
Q3) Since the 1980s,the rate of divorce in the United States has:
A) been increasing.
B) been decreasing.
C) stayed the same.
D) gone up and down.
Q4) One of the benefits of marriage is:
A) increased longevity.
B) more financial security.
C) an improved gender identity.
D) better cognitive functioning.
Q5) List two strategies remarried couples can use to cope with the stress of living in a stepfamily.
Q6) According to the triarchic theory of love,this type of love only includes passion.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Moral Development
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83 Verified Questions
83 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Female menopause is more __________,whereas male menopause is more __________.
A) psychological; physical.
B) physical; psychological.
C) psychological; psychological.
D) physical; physical.
Q2) The average adult in middle adulthood __________ height and __________ weight.
A) loses; loses
B) loses; gains
C) gains; gains
D) gains ;loses
Q3) Which of the following skills is NOT adaptive in middle age?
A) maintaining a healthy lifestyle
B) coping effectively with stress
C) keeping anger toned down
D) using leisure sparingly
Q4) List three ways that memory generally changes during middle adulthood.
Q5) Identify three of the physical changes that take place during middle adulthood.
Q6) The ability to focus and maintain an image on the retina.
Q7) The developmental period that begins at approximately 40 years of age and extends to about 60 to 65 years of age. Page 15
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Page 16
Chapter 14: Families
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why is the social clock an important consideration when understanding development?
A) It informs people how much longer they can expect to live in comparison with others in their culture.
B) It may differ for different generations and indicate different age ranges for completing developmental tasks.
C) It informs people how much social interaction their culture says is necessary for healthy adult development.
D) It is a useful tool for making comparisons across different generations to see if the hypothesized developmental course is valid.
Q2) In a survey conducted by AARP (2004),divorced adults reported that they had generally stayed in their marriages and postponed their divorces because of:
A) their children.
B) financial problems.
C) religious beliefs.
D) cultural norms.
Q3) Describe the sandwich generation.
Q4) Define social clock.
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Chapter 15: Peers
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170 Verified Questions
170 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cognitive training research is valuable in that it helps us understand:
A) ways in which older adults are better performers than younger adults.
B) at which age older adults are best suited for retirement from their careers.
C) better ways of helping older adults to live successfully on their own.
D) how to avoid the physiological changes that underlie cognitive decline.
Q2) Giving nursing home patients more control over their daily schedules is:
A) harmful.
B) beneficial.
C) anxiety-provoking.
D) usually not necessary for patients that age.
Q3) What accounts for gender differences in longevity?
A) lifestyle factors only
B) biological factors only
C) both biological and lifestyle factors
D) neither biological nor lifestyle factors
Q4) The idea of very old adults having no sex life is:
A) true,because sexual interest is mostly lost by age 70 years.
B) true because of physical impairments to having intercourse.
C) not true,because sexual sensitivity continues to increase with age.
D) not true,because sexual ability is usually maintained throughout life.
Page 18
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Chapter 16: Schools and Achievement
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70 Verified Questions
70 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In general,successful aging requires:
A) a biological predisposition toward having long-lasting,excellent health.
B) the refusal to accept that there are any declines during older adulthood.
C) engaging in an extensive reevaluation of life's meaning during middle age.
D) a commitment to be active,exert effort,and take a problem-solving attitude.
Q2) Stereotypes of old age common among young,middle-aged,and elderly adults:
A) express both positive and negative images of the elderly.
B) portray the elderly mainly as weak and impaired.
C) express a longing for a sweet old age characterized by vigor and wisdom.
D) portray the elderly as kindly but limited in ability.
Q3) The status an elderly person is accorded in a culture depends on the degree to which he or she:
A) has power and autonomy.
B) has power,has valued knowledge,and is integrated into the family.
C) has autonomy,has useful skills,and contributes to family harmony.
D) has useful skills and does not interfere with family functioning.
Q4) Name and briefly discuss Erikson's final stage of development.
Q5) According to Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory,this is the name of the eighth and final stage of development.
Page 19
Q6) Describe the selective optimization with compensation model.
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Chapter 17: Culture and Diversity
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86 Verified Questions
86 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Active euthanasia is a crime in __________ states (in the United States):
A) 40
B) 45
C) 49
D) 50
Q2) In contrast to those of many other cultures,people in the United States:
A) have less direct experience associated with death.
B) have deeper religious beliefs associated with death.
C) have greater exposure to rituals associated with death.
D) experience greater losses when a family member dies.
Q3) Approximately __________ of survivors experience normal or uncomplicated grief reactions.
A) 80 to 90%
B) 70 to 80%
C) 60 to 70%
D) 50 to 60%
Q4) List Elisabeth Kübler-Ross's five stages of dying.
Q5) Death induced deliberately for a person (who is suffering from an incurable disease or severe disabilities)by injecting a lethal dose of a drug.
Page 20
Q6) List three reasons why widows outnumber widowers.
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