Natural Resources Management
Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Natural Resources Management explores the principles and practices involved in sustainably managing the earths natural resources, including land, water, air, minerals, forests, fisheries, and wildlife. The course examines the interrelationships between these resources, human societies, and the environment, emphasizing ecological, economic, and social dimensions. Students learn about conservation strategies, policy development, environmental impact assessments, and tools for resource planning and monitoring. Through case studies and practical applications, the course prepares students to address current challenges in resource use and stewardship, balancing development needs with long-term sustainability goals.
Recommended Textbook
Principles of Environmental Science Inquiry and Applications 7th Edition by William P Cunningham
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Chapter 1: Understanding Our Environment
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34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In reading a claim by an atmospheric scientist that ozone depletion is not an actual environmental problem, a critical thinker would
A) ignore the claim because it does not align with his/her opinions.
B) feel relieved because ozone depletion was such an overwhelming problem.
C) look for evidence that is in line with past experience.
D) look for evidence and background of the source's reliability.
E) acknowledge the claim because an atmospheric scientist is an expert.
Answer: D
Q2) Sustainable development differs from traditional economic development in that it emphasizes economic development in the short term.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Parsimony is one of the basic principles of science.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Environmental Systems: Matter and Energy of Life
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38 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) A biological community consists of all
A) populations living and interacting in an area.
B) members of a species living in the same area.
C) living things on Earth.
D) populations of a given species.
E) members of a species living in the same biome.
Answer: A
Q2) Living plants and the ocean are known as "carbon sinks" because
A) they are made of carbon.
B) they create carbon.
C) they destroy carbon.
D) they store carbon.
E) due to gravity, carbon is found closer to the ground.
Answer: D
Q3) Photosynthesis is a step in the global nitrogen cycle.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Evolution, Species Interactions, and Biological Communities
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Complexity in an ecological community has to do with the number of A) species in the population.
B) species at each trophic level.
C) genetic variations within a species.
D) primary producers available.
E) primary producers relative to the number of consumers.
Answer: B
Q2) Evolution occurs as a result of
A) the discovery of a desirable characteristic in a population.
B) an individual's physiological modification.
C) environmental change that forces modification in a resident species.
D) better survival or reproduction rates by individuals with a particular characteristic.
E) a population's physiological modification.
Answer: D
Q3) The most common reason that introduced species cause trouble is because they are larger than native species.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Human Populations
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Sample Questions
Q1) The world human population reached 1 billion in about
A) 1400.
B) 1500.
C) 1600.
D) 1700.
E) 1800.
Q2) A demographic transition is expected to accompany
A) colonization, as in Africa and Asia.
B) economic development and stabilization.
C) the development of capitalism.
D) the introduction of modern medicine.
E) All of these.
Q3) Which of the following is a mechanical barrier to conception?
A) abortion
B) condoms
C) birth control pills
D) vasectomies
E) IUD
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Chapter 5: Biomes and Biodiversity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Temperate forest biomes would fall in the area marked by the letter
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
Q2) Estuaries are often referred to as nursery areas due to the number of organisms that use them for breeding.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Species diversity is most concentrated in
A) North America and Europe.
B) South America, Africa, and Southeast Asia.
C) South Africa, Australia, and Europe.
D) Oceania, East Asia, and Antarctica.
E) North America, South America, and Africa
Q4) Estuaries contain a mix of fresh and salt water.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Environmental Conservation: Forests,
Grasslands, Parks, and Nature
Preserves
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Sample Questions
Q1) A major limiting factor to success of parks and reserves in developing nations would be
A) a lack of biodiversity in those countries.
B) a lack of area suitable to set aside as a park or reserve.
C) the lack of scientific data to manage the parks and reserves.
D) the lack of money and infrastructure to manage the parks and preserves.
E) a lack of interest in the development of parks and preserves.
Q2) Although most of the world's forests are shrinking, biologists are especially concerned about tropical forest loss because
A) they contain such high biodiversity.
B) tropical trees are the biggest trees in the world.
C) they contain irreplaceable wood resources.
D) there are fewer remaining tropical forests than any other forest type.
E) All of these are reasons that biologists are especially concerned about tropical forest loss.
Q3) Diversity can be preserved by linking reserves together with corridors.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Food and Agriculture
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Sample Questions
Q1) The layer of soil that is a mixture of minerals and organic material is the A) O horizon.
B) A horizon.
C) humus.
D) E horizon.
E) primary layer.
Q2) Obesity is a disease that affects
A) poor, developing nations.
B) wealthy, developed nations
C) individuals in every nation equally.
D) nations that utilize beef and rice as major food sources.
Q3) The three crops that humans rely on for the majority of nutrients and calories are
A) potatoes, wheat, and oats.
B) wheat, rice, and maize.
C) barley, oats, and rye.
D) maize, oats, and rice.
E) oats, beans, and barley.
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Chapter 8: Environmental Health and Toxicology
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33 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) As a society, we usually focus money and attention on health risks that are
A) most serious.
B) easiest to clean up.
C) most well publicized and frightening.
D) easiest to research.
Q2) A factor responsible for the fast spread of emergent diseases is high population density.
A)True
B)False
Q3) With respect to exposure to toxins which statement is correct?
A) Acute effects are much worse than chronic effects.
B) Acute effects are not as bad as chronic effects.
C) Acute effects are the immediate results of a single exposure, chronic effects are those that are long-lasting.
D) Acute effects are permanent, chronic effects may be short or long term but go away over time.
Q4) In 1918 a flu pandemic killed more than 50 million people.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Climate
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Sample Questions
Q1) When cool, dry air sinks from the upper atmosphere toward the Earth's surface, it is
A) compressed and cooled further.
B) allowed to expand and become warmer.
C) compressed and becomes warmer.
D) forced to release any remaining moisture.
E) going to hold more water because there is more water vapor closer to the Earth's surface.
Q2) What are the ecological implications of global warming?
A) Plants and animals that are residing in fragmented habitats may not be able to move to a suitable habitat.
B) In general, plants and animals will probably benefit from warmer temperatures.
C) Since farmland may be lost, the habitats for plants and animals will increase in area.
D) Since biodiversity is usually higher in warmer, milder climates, it will probably be increased.
E) Tropical ecosystems will become dramatically warmer than they are now.
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Chapter 10: Air Pollution
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most common human health response to air pollution is
A) inflammatory responses in sensitive tissues.
B) lung cancer.
C) blindness caused by deteriorating eye tissues.
D) skin cancer.
E) heart disease.
Q2) Given what we know about the probability of the greenhouse effect, the best thing to do is
A) consider the implication of immediately ceasing all industrial activity.
B) wait and see how much temperatures change before we change our habits.
C) severely cut back on production of greenhouse gases.
D) not worry about greenhouse gas production.
E) focus on the development of technological advances to help decrease the effects of climate change.
Q3) A major source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is
A) incomplete burning of hydrocarbons.
B) combustion of sulfur-containing fuel.
C) photochemical oxidation.
D) CO in the atmosphere.
E) CO<sub>2</sub> in the atmosphere.
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Chapter 11: Water: Resources and Pollution
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Sample Questions
Q1) The total amount of water on the Earth ____________ from year to year and the hydrologic cycle ________________.
A) stays about the same; moves it from one place to another place
B) increases; captures it from the incoming solar radiation
C) increases; gains water from the Earth's interior
D) decreases; moves it from one place to another place
E) decreases; loses water to the atmosphere
Q2) The water pollutant that most commonly threatens human health is
A) pathogenic organisms.
B) dissolved plant matter.
C) toxic and hazardous chemicals.
D) thermal pollution.
E) oxygen-demanding wastes.
Q3) Most water in the atmosphere has evaporated from the ocean, and ______ rain falls back into the sea. About ________ % of the earth's total rain falls on land.
A) most; 10
B) most; 20
C) less; 55
D) less; 70
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Chapter 12: Environmental Geology and Earth Resources
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Sample Questions
Q1) The eruption of a volcano can cause global climate changes by causing stratospheric ozone reduction, allowing increased ultraviolet light to reach the Earth's surface.
A)True
B)False
Q2) If metals are deposited in streambeds _____ would probably be used.
A) placer mining
B) strip mining
C) underground mining
D) spoil bank mining
E) open-pit mining.
Q3) "Subduction" is the process of a tectonic plate
A) falling freely into the mantle.
B) being forced below another plate.
C) melting without moving.
D) sliding alongside another plate.
E) being sucked into the outer core.
Q4) Nuees ardentes are sonic waves associated with earthquakes.
A)True
B)False
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Energy
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Sample Questions
Q1) A system of pipes painted black that have water circulating on the wall in a glass greenhouse on the south side of a building is an example of
A) parabolic collection.
B) an active solar heating system.
C) passive heat absorption.
D) eutectic heat exchange.
E) charging fuel cells to increase efficiency in energy use.
Q2) Cogeneration is the combined production of methane and coal.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Sweden, Denmark, and Switzerland have higher standards of living by most measures than Americans or Canadians
A) because their energy consumption is much greater.
B) because they are closer to energy supplies.
C) even though their energy use is about equal to ours.
D) even though their energy use is much less than ours.
E) None of these. Sweden, Denmark, and Switzerland do not have higher standards of living compared to Americans or Canadians.
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Chapter 14: Solid and Hazardous Waste
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Sample Questions
Q1) Biological treatments of hazardous waste involve ___________ hazardous substances.
A) using plants, bacteria or fungi to absorb and detoxify
B) the genetic alteration of species suffering from
C) using microorganisms to disperse
D) special organic chemical processing of
E) None of these are correct.
Q2) Urban curbside recycling costs cities
A) a great deal, but citizens approve the expense anyway.
B) nothing at all because the materials pay for expenses.
C) more than any other disposal method.
D) far less than landfilling or incinerating.
E) nothing, in fact, all cities make money with recycling.
Q3) Hazardous waste is anything that
A) causes human health threats.
B) severely contaminates the environment.
C) is toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, corrosive, or explosive.
D) has the potential of causing health problems.
E) All of these are correct.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Economics and Urbanization
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the principle of new urbanism what is the ideal size of a city?
A) less than 15,000 people
B) 15,000-30,000
C) 30,000-50,000
D) 50,000-100,000
E) up to 150,000
Q2) Renewable resources are those that
A) will not be exhausted.
B) will always renew themselves unless we destroy them.
C) can be renewed through intensive investments of capital and labor.
D) are intangible and inexhaustible.
E) are intangible and exhaustible.
Q3) In many U.S. cities, poor, undereducated, minority, and other less powerful groups are often concentrated
A) in urban centers.
B) at city margins.
C) outside of the city entirely.
D) in a ring of satellite settlements around a city.
E) None of these. Usually the poor, undereducated, minority, and other less powerful groups are distributed throughout the area.
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Chapter 16: Environmental Policy and Sustainability
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Sample Questions
Q1) The first college to get all of its energy from renewable resources was________________.
A) Boston College
B) University of California at Berkeley
C) Concordia University
D) Emory University
E) College of William and Mary
Q2) When an activity threatens to harm the environment or society, policy makers should consider implementing
A) the precautionary principle.
B) sustainable development.
C) smart growth policies.
D) appropriate environmental policy to address the regulation of the activity.
Q3) CERCLA is also known as
A) the Superfund Act.
B) the Clean Water Act.
C) the Toxic Substances Control Act.
D) the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.
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