Medical Imaging Science
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Medical Imaging Science explores the fundamental principles and advanced techniques used to visualize the internal structures and functions of the human body for clinical diagnosis, treatment, and research. This course covers the physics and technology underlying imaging modalities such as X-ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, and nuclear medicine. Students will examine image acquisition, processing, and interpretation, as well as issues related to image quality, radiation safety, and ethical considerations. The course provides a strong foundation for understanding how modern imaging contributes to patient care and medical research.
Recommended Textbook
Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography 7th Edition by Mary Alice
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14 Chapters
340 Verified Questions
340 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Radiation Protection
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Patients who have an understanding of the medical benefits of an imaging procedure because they received factual information about the study before having the examination are more likely to:
A)assume a small risk of biologic damage but not overcome any radiation phobia they may have.
B)cancel their scheduled procedure because they are not willing to assume a small risk of biologic damage.
C)overcome any radiation phobia but not assume a small risk of possible biologic damage.
D)overcome any radiation phobia and be willing to assume a small risk of possible biologic damage.
Answer: D
Q2) The term as low as reasonable achievable (ALARA) is synonymous with the term:
A)background equivalent radiation time (BERT).
B)equivalent dose (EqD).
C)diagnostic efficacy.
D)optimization for radiation protection (ORP).
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Radiation: Types, sources, and Doses Received
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Through which of the following routes can radon enter houses?
1)Crawl spaces under living areas
2)Floor drains and sump pumps
3)Porous cement block foundations
A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following is considered by the EPA to be the second leading cause of lung cancer in the United States?
A)Annual PA and lateral chest radiographs
B)Cosmic ray exposure
C)Radon exposure
D)A fluoroscopic examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Interaction of X-Radiation With Matter
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following interactions results in the conversion of matter into energy?
A)Classical scattering
B)Photoelectric absorption
C)Modified scattering
D)Annihilation reaction
Answer: D
Q2) X-rays are carriers of:
A)disease.
B)electrons.
C)fluorescent properties that make them visible.
D)human-made,electromagnetic energy.
Answer: D
Q3) Compton scattering is synonymous with:
A)coherent scattering.
B)incoherent scattering.
C)photoelectric absorption.
D)photodisintegration.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Radiation Quantities and Units
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Sample Questions
Q1) One thousand five hundred rem equals _________ Sieverts.
A)15
B)150
C)1500
D)15,000
Q2) As the intensity of x-ray exposure of the air volume increases,the number of electron-ion pairs produced:
A)also increases.
B)decreases considerably.
C)decreases slightly.
D)remains the same.
Q3) If 400 people receive an average effective dose of 0.25 Sv,what is the collective effective dose?
A)100 person-Sieverts
B)200 person-Sieverts
C)800 person-Sieverts
D)1600 person-Sieverts
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6
Chapter 5: Radiation Monitoring
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25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In diagnostic imaging,the ______________ of the optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter makes it ideal for monitoring employees working in low-radiation environments and for pregnant workers.
A)decreased sensitivity
B)increased sensitivity
C)lack of sensitivity
D)unaffected sensitivity
Q2) Which of the following is a disadvantage of the optically stimulated dosimeter?
A)Exposure not determinable on the day of occurrence
B)Mechanical shock can cause false high reading
C)No permanent,legal record of exposure
D)Not cost-effective for large numbers of personnel
Q3) The optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeter is "read out" by using:
A)a densitometer.
B)an ionization chamber.
C)a thermoluminescent analyzer.
D)laser light at selected frequencies.
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Chapter 6: Overview of Cell Biology
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Sample Questions
Q1) In general,which of the following can human cells do?
1)Move,grow,react,and protect themselves
2)Repair damage and regulate life processes
3)Reproduce
A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3
Q2) Adenine bonds only with:
A)cytosine.
B)guanine.
C)hydrogen.
D)thymine.
Q3) The much smaller structures that make up nucleic acids are called:
A)carbohydrates.
B)fatty acids.
C)nucleotides.
D)polysaccharides.
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8
Chapter 7: Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a scavenger type of white blood cell that fights bacteria?
A)Granulocytes
B)Lymphocytes
C)Neutrophils
D)Thrombocytes
Q2) Which of the following curves illustrates the radiation sensitivity of a particular type of cell?
A)Epidemiologic data curve
B)Extrapolation curve
C)Dose-response curve
D)Survival curve
Q3) The normal white blood cell count for an adult ranges from:
A)1000 to 5000/mm3 of blood.
B)3000 to 6000/mm3 of blood.
C)5000 to 10,000/mm3 of blood.
D)7000 to 15,000/mm3 of blood.
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9
Chapter 8: Early Deterministic Radiation Effects on Organ Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Attempts have been made to measure chromosome aberrations after diagnostic x-ray imaging procedures:
A)and these studies have been very successful in measuring the number of chromosome aberrations that occurred.
B)but successful results have not been achieved in these studies.
C)but these studies have only been moderately successful in measuring the number of chromosome aberrations that occurred.
D)these studies have only been minimally successful in measuring the number of chromosome aberrations that occurred.
Q2) For persons with hematopoietic syndrome,survival time shortens as the radiation dose:
A)decreases.
B)increases.
C)remains the same.
D)there is no survival time for persons with the hematopoietic syndrome.
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Chapter 9: Late Deterministic and Stochastic Radiation
Effects on Organ Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following groups of people exposed to ionizing radiation provide proof that low-level radiation exposure produces late effects?
A)135,000 evacuees from the 1986 nuclear power plant accident at Chernobyl,Ukraine
B)Japanese atomic bomb survivors
C)Children of the Marshall Islanders who were inadvertently subjected to fallout during the atomic bomb test in 1954
D)None of the above
Q2) Studies of postpartum patients treated with ionizing radiation for relief of mastitis are a group of individuals in whom the results of radiation exposure to healthy breast tissue indicate that radiation:
A)can cause breast cancer.
B)cannot cause breast cancer.
C)can cause breast enlargement.
D)can cause breast shrinkage.
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11
Chapter 10: Dose Limits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____________________ exists that low-level ionizing radiation causes a statistically significant increase in the threat of malignancy.
A)A substantial amount of conclusive proof
B)A moderate amount of conclusive proof
C)A small amount of conclusive proof
D)No conclusive proof
Q2) Which of the following are functions and/or responsibilities of the United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)?
1)Functions as a monitoring agency in places of employment,predominantly in industry
2)Regulates occupational exposure to radiation through Part 1910 of Title 29 of the U.S.Code of Federal Regulations (29 CFR 1910)
3)Responsible for regulations concerning the "right to know" of employees with regard to hazards that may be present in the workplace
A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3
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Chapter 11: Equipment Design for Radiation Protection
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Sample Questions
Q1) During a fluoroscopic examination,a resettable cumulative timing device times the x-ray beam-on time and sounds an audible alarm or temporarily interrupts the exposure after the fluoroscope has been activated for what length of time?
A)1 minute
B)3 minutes
C)5 minutes
D)10 minutes
Q2) When an exposed computed radiography imaging plate is ready to be processed,an imaging reading unit is used to scan the photostimulable phosphor imaging plate with a helium-neon laser beam.This process results in the emission of violet light that is changed into an electronic signal by a device called a: A)charge-coupled-device array.
B)photodiode.
C)photomultiplier tube.
D)scintillator.
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13
Chapter 12: Management of Patient Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures
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Sample Questions
Q1) When technical radiographic exposures are to be selected,which of the following are some of the factors that should be considered?
1)Mass per unit volume of tissue of the area of clinical interest
2)Effective atomic numbers and electron densities of the tissue involved
3)Type and quantity of filtration used
A)1 and 2 only
B)1 and 3 only
C)2 and 3 only
D)1,2,and 3
Q2) Any image that must be performed more than once because of human or mechanical error during the production of the initial image is known as a repeat image.What effect does a repeat image have on the radiation dose received by the patient?
A)The patient receives no additional radiation dose.
B)The patient's skin and possibly the gonads receive a double radiation dose.
C)The patient's critical organs receive a radiation dose that is 10 times greater than the initial radiation dose.
D)The patient's superficial tissues only receive a radiation dose that is four times as great as that of the original radiation dose.
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Chapter 13: Management of Imaging Personnel Radiation
Dose During Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures
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Sample Questions
Q1) For C-arm devices with similar fields of view,the dose rate to personnel located within a meter of the patient is:
A)comparable to that of routine fluoroscopy.
B)far greater than the dose rate of routine fluoroscopy.
C)significantly less than the dose rate of routine fluoroscopy.
D)comparable to that of high-level-control fluoroscopy.
Q2) The maximum weekly permitted equivalent dose for a controlled area must not exceed:
A)1 millisievert.
B)100 millisievert.
C)20 microsievert.
D)2 microsievert.
Q3) Which of the following adjustments in technical exposure factors decreases the production of scattered radiation?
A)Decrease kVp and increase mAs in compensation
B)Decrease kVp and decrease mAs
C)Increase kVp and decrease mAs in compensation
D)Increase kVp and increase mAs
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Chapter 14: Radioisotopes and Radiation Protection
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Sample Questions
Q1) Diagnostic techniques in nuclear medicine typically make use of ___________ radioisotopes as radioactive tracers.
A)long-lived
B)short-lived
C)very weak
D)potentially lethal
Q2) If enough explosives are used to spread radioactive material over a broad area,then radioactivity is:
A)extremely hazardous and may be much higher than background levels.
B)moderately hazardous and may be higher than background levels.
C)slightly hazardous and may be only slightly higher than background levels.
D)diluted and may not be much higher than background levels.
Q3) The actual long-term health effects of a "dirty bomb" are likely to be:
A)catastrophic.
B)maximal.
C)minimal.
D)nonexistent.
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