Management Theory and Practice
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
This course offers a comprehensive introduction to the key theories, concepts, and practices that define the field of management. Students will explore the historical evolution of management thought, including classical, behavioral, and contemporary approaches, while examining how these theories influence current organizational practices. Key topics include planning, organizing, leading, and controlling within organizations, as well as decision-making, motivation, leadership, and ethical considerations. Through case studies and real-world examples, students will develop a foundational understanding of how effective management contributes to organizational success and learn practical skills for applying management principles in diverse professional environments.
Recommended Textbook
Contemporary Management 9th Edition by Gareth Jones
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Managers and Managing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Restructuring cannot be accomplished by reducing levels in the hierarchy.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which of the following is true of first-line managers?
A) They are responsible for finding the best way to organize human and other resources to achieve organizational goals.
B) They work in all departments or functions of an organization.
C) They make specific decisions about the production of goods and services.
D) They evaluate whether the organization's goals are appropriate.
E) They instruct top managers on the suitability of organizational goals.
Answer: B
Q3) Managers affect society directly with their decisions regarding the use of resources. A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: The Evolution of Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of a norm rather than a rule?
A) A general mandatory guideline asking all employees to leave their work machines in good order
B) A specific mandatory guideline asking employees to oil machine parts labeled A and B; and replace C and D
C) An informal code of conduct recommending that employees help each other if time permits
D) A recommendation by the HR department that employees wear formal clothes during the week
E) A suggestion by the technical department that all work-related files are saved in a common location
Answer: C
Q2) Scientific management practices allowed workers to define their own rights.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Values, Attitudes, Emotions, and Culture: The Manager As a Person
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Sample Questions
Q1) Emotional intelligence helps managers energize subordinates to aid the organization in attaining its goals.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Compare the leadership styles of managers from innovative and conservative organizational cultures.
Answer: not answered
Explanation:In an innovative culture, managers are likely to lead by example, encouraging employees to take risks and experiment. They are supportive regardless of whether employees succeed or fail. In contrast, managers in a conservative culture are likely to use management by objectives and to constantly monitor subordinates' progress toward goals, overseeing their every move.
Q3) People with an external locus of control believe that outside forces are responsible for what happens to and around them.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Ethics and Social Responsibility
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Sample Questions
Q1) The esteem or high repute that individuals or organizations gain when they behave ethically is called _____.
A) trust
B) reputation
C) social responsibility
D) moral standing
E) emotional value
Q2) Companies that go out of their way to learn about the needs of different stakeholders and use organizational resources to promote their interests are using the _____ approach.
A) accommodative
B) proactive
C) defensive
D) obstructionist
E) offensive
Q3) Moral principles or beliefs about what is the right or appropriate way to behave are known as ethics.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss the relationship between ethics and laws.
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Chapter 5: Managing Diverse Employees in a Multicultural Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) The term glass ceiling alludes to the invisible barriers that prevent minorities and women from being promoted to top corporate positions.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Define diversity. Explain the reasons why diversity is such a pressing concern and issue for managers and organizations.
Q3) The increasing racial and ethnic diversity of the workforce and the population as a whole underscores the importance of effectively managing diversity.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Increasingly, organizations are insisting that their suppliers demonstrate diversity in their own workforce.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Diversity requires organization members to suppress their personal styles.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Describe the three different types of interpersonal managerial roles.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Managing in the Global Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ are norms that are considered to be of central importance to the functioning of society and to social life, the violation of which brings serious retribution.
A) Mores
B) Folkways
C) Values
D) Ceremonies
E) Superstitions
Q2) Describe the five major forces of the general environment briefly.
Q3) According to Hofstede, a national culture with a long-term orientation rests on values such as thrift and persistence in achieving goals.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Economic forces affect the general health and well-being of a country or world region.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Briefly describe the task environment. How do forces in the task environment impact managers?
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Chapter 7: Decision Making, Learning, Creativity, and Entrepreneurship
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Sample Questions
Q1) Decisions that are based on rules and guidelines are known as:
A) brainstormed decisions.
B) heuristic decisions.
C) programmed decisions.
D) intuitive decisions.
E) creative decisions.
Q2) _____ is a critical analysis of a preferred alternative, defending unpopular or opposing alternatives for the sake of argument.
A) Dialectical inquiry
B) Devil's advocacy
C) Groupthink
D) Prior-hypothesis bias
E) Organizational learning
Q3) Discuss the perils of groupthink.
Q4) Individual decision making is superior to group decision making in several respects.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Define entrepreneurship and explain three ways that organizations can promote intrapreneurship.
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Chapter 8: The Manager As a Planner and a Strategist
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Sample Questions
Q1) Permanent, ongoing, intense competition brought about in an industry by advancing technology or changing customer tastes is called hypocompetition.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A written set of instructions that describes the series of actions that a manager should take in a specific situation is called the standing operating procedure (SOP) of an organization.
A)True
B)False
Q3) _____ is a plan of action to improve the ability of each of an organization's functions to perform its task-specific activities in ways that add value to an organization's goods and services.
A) Business-level strategy
B) Divisional-level strategy
C) Corporate-level strategy
D) Departmental-level strategy
E) Top-level strategy
Q4) Discuss the five steps involved in implementing an organizational strategy.
Q5) Discuss the four qualities of an effective plan as emphasized by Henri Fayol.
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Chapter 9: Value Chain Management: Functional Strategies for Competitive Advantage
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Sample Questions
Q1) A tire company's products are more expensive than those offered by its competitors, but are still sought after by customers since they are more durable and perform better under harsh conditions. The tire company, in this case, has achieved competitive advantage through _____.
A) marketing strategies
B) superior quality
C) quantum product innovation
D) pricing strategies
E) promotional strategies
Q2) The fewer the inputs required to produce a given output, the lower is the efficiency and the higher the cost of outputs.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Total quality management focuses on stocking a large inventory so that raw materials are available even before they are needed.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are the requirements for a cross-functional team to be successful?
Q5) Discuss the stages of a stage-gate development funnel.
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Chapter 10: Managing Organizational Structure and Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) Different strategies need different organizational structures and cultures.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The flatter the hierarchy of an organization, the less flexible the organization becomes.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is true of a low-cost strategy?
A) It fares best in an organization with an informal structure.
B) It fares best in an organization with more liberal norms.
C) It fares best in an organization that gives its employees a lot of autonomy.
D) It is aimed at increasing the value of goods as perceived by customers.
E) It gives managers greater control over the organizational activities.
Q4) Increasing the degree of responsibility that a worker has over his or her job is known as job enrichment.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The matrix structure of an organization is usually very rigid.
A)True
B)False
12
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Chapter 11: Organizational Control and Change
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Sample Questions
Q1) In practice, managers can only measure the actual outputs that result from the behavior of their members and not the behaviors themselves.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The first step managers must take to manage change effectively is to:
A) evaluate the change.
B) decide on the change to make.
C) implement the change.
D) assess the need for change.
E) identify obstacles to change.
Q3) _____ guide behavior and specify what employees are to do when they confront a problem that needs a solution.
A) Rules and SOPs
B) Output controls
C) Feedback controls
D) Evolutionary changes
E) Force-fields
Q4) Discuss the type of control used at each stage in the process of transforming inputs into finished goods or services.
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Chapter 12: Human Resource Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are reliability and validity in the context of selection tools?
Q2) Which of the following is true of internal recruitment?
A) The cost for internal recruitment is higher than that of external recruitment.
B) External applicants are more familiar with the organization than internal applicants.
C) Internal recruitment consumes relatively less time than external recruitment.
D) Managers have a wider pool of candidates to select from if they recruit internally than externally.
E) Managers rely more on internal applicants to bring fresh ideas to the organization than external applicants.
Q3) _____ refers to the process by which managers decide the relative qualifications of job applicants and their potential for performing well in a particular job.
A) Training
B) Selection
C) Development
D) Performance appraisal
E) Feedback
Q4) Describe the collective bargaining process.
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Chapter 13: Motivation Performance
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _____ plan motivates employees to propose and implement cost-cutting strategies because a percentage of the cost savings achieved during the specified time is distributed to the employees.
A) commission
B) equity
C) piece-rate
D) stock-option
E) Scanlon
Q2) _____ considers how managers can ensure that organization members focus their inputs in the direction of high performance and the achievement of organizational targets.
A) Goal-setting theory
B) ERG theory
C) Three-needs theory
D) Operant conditioning theory
E) Motivator-hygiene theory
Q3) Discuss Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory. Differentiate between motivator needs and hygiene needs.
Q4) Define motivation and describe the psychological factors that contribute to motivation.
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Chapter 14: Leadership
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Sample Questions
Q1) Women tend to be stereotyped as being ______.
A) supportive
B) domineering
C) controlling
D) autocratic
E) uncommunicative
Q2) A _____ is something that acts in place of the influence of a leader and makes leadership unnecessary.
A) leadership substitute
B) contingency model
C) transformational leader
D) transactional leader
E) servant leader
Q3) According to the behavior model of leadership, which of the following is an example of consideration behavior?
A) Addressing employee concerns
B) Assigning tasks to workgroups
C) Creating schedules
D) Encouraging adherence to rules and regulations
E) Deciding how work should be done
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Chapter 15: Effective Groups and Teams
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Sample Questions
Q1) Norming is the first stage of group development, in which members try to get to know one another.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The members of a particular group are getting to know one another and attempting to reach an understanding of how each of them should act within the group. This stage of group development is called _____.
A) storming
B) norming
C) forming
D) adjourning
E) performing
Q3) Discuss the advantages of using teams for innovation. What is the role of managers in promoting innovation?
Q4) A team whose members have the expertise and experience needed to develop new products is called a research and development team.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss why diversity is important for top-management teams.
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Chapter 16: Promoting Effective Communication
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Sample Questions
Q1) Wheel networks are usually found in teams, as they allow the intense interactions characteristic of teamwork.
A)True
B)False
Q2) _____ refer(s) to company-wide systems that allow managers to send and receive verbal electronic messages over telephone lines even when they are hundreds of miles away from the office.
A) Grapevine system
B) Voice-mail system
C) Blog
D) Instant-messaging system
E) Groupware collaborative system
Q3) In which of the following communication networks do group members communicate with every other group member?
A) Circle network
B) Wheel network
C) All-channel network
D) Cubic network
E) Chain network
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Managing Conflict, Politics, and Negotiation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true of the integrative bargaining strategy that emphasizes focusing on what is fair?
A) It is consistent with distributive negotiation.
B) It leads the parties in conflict to take a competitive, adversarial stance.
C) It is consistent with the principle of distributive justice and focuses on the unprejudiced distribution of outcomes.
D) It helps parties in conflict to focus more on their demands rather than their interests.
E) It helps parties in conflict to perceive that they have a "fixed pie" of resources that they need to divide.
Q2) When managers exercise power unobtrusively, other members of an organization are completely aware that the managers are using their power to influence them.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Managers often engage in organizational politics to resolve conflicts in their favor.
A)True
B)False
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19
Chapter 18: Used Advanced Information Technology to Increase Performance
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Sample Questions
Q1) An operations information system gives managers information they can use in their nonroutine coordinating, controlling, and decision-making tasks.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A boundaryless organization is an organization composed of people linked by IT.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Personal computers on the desks of managers within a computer network are called:
A) servers.
B) clients.
C) mainframes.
D) external networks.
E) hubs.
Q4) The demand for a product is highest during the growth stage.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Define an enterprise resource planning ERP system and discuss its benefits.
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Q6) What is a computer network? Briefly explain the different components of a network.