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Learning and Motivation in Education Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Learning and Motivation in Education explores how students acquire knowledge, develop skills, and sustain engagement within educational settings. This course examines major theories of learning, such as behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism, alongside foundational and contemporary research on motivation. Students will analyze factors that influence learning processes and motivation, including goals, beliefs, attitudes, and sociocultural contexts. Practical applications for teaching, classroom management, and curriculum development are emphasized, empowering educators to create supportive and motivating environments that foster student success and lifelong learning.
Recommended Textbook
Educational Psychology 6th Canadian Edition by Anita Woolfolk
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15 Chapters
1286 Verified Questions
1286 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Learning, teaching, and Educational Psychology
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69 Verified Questions
69 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) E.L.Thorndike wrote the first educational psychology text and founded the Journal of Educational Psychology.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Microgenetic studies:
A)intensively study cognitive processes in the midst of change.
B)apply a ABAB experiment design.
C)are employed to assess cause and effect relationships.
D)typically utilize many children as study participants.
Answer: A
Q3) A theory can be characterized as a guess or a hunch.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) You pick names from a hat to determine which group you should assign each subject to.This is a _________ assignment.
Answer: random
Q5) Weight of clothing and outside temperature are ____________ correlated.
Answer: negatively
3
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Chapter 2: Cognitive Development and Language
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which one of the following is an example of maturation?
A)Gaining weight from age two to age three
B)Losing weight due to exercise
C)Losing weight during a brief illness
D)Learning which foods produce the most weight
Answer: A
Q2) When we try a particular strategy and it does not work,the discomfort we experience is called
A)assimilation.
B)centration.
C)disequilibrium.
D)non-adaptation.
Answer: C
Q3) Seriation refers to the ability to work with symbols.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Guided participation in the classroom is an example of ________ learning. Answer: assisted
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Chapter 3: Self and Social and Moral Development
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93 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Based on recent studies,which of the following children is likely to have the greatest difficulty with assessing the intention of others?
A)Bart,a ten-year-old with high self-esteem
B)Enid,an aggressive three-year-old
C)Liliana,a passive five-year-old
D)Philip,an aggressive nine-year-old
Answer: B
Q2) George attends a rural middle school in Virginia.On standardized achievement tests given in George's school,the school average is near the national average.George's friend Harold attends an elite private school in Washington,D.C.The average score of students at Harold's school on the same achievement measure is well above the national average.According to Marsh,George is more likely to feel better about his abilities than does Harold,even though both boys received high scores on the test.What developmental concept is illustrated?
A)"Big Fish,Little Pond"
B)Gradual development
C)Identity diffusion
D)Moratorium
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Learner Differences and Learning Needs
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85 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The theory that defines intelligence as encompassing at least eight separate kinds of intelligence is
A)Binet's theory of school-related intelligences.
B)Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences.
C)Spearman's g factor concept.
D)Sternberg's components view of intelligence.
Q2) What type of approach to understanding language seems best for students who are hard of hearing?
A)A combination of speech and manual reading methods
B)Finger spelling only
C)Sign language only
D)Speech reading only
Q3) Solving a geometry problem will require students to use both their fluid and crystallized intelligences.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The French psychologist credited with developing the first intelligence test is
Q5) Cerebral palsy is commonly characterized by overly tense muscles or ________.
Page 6
Q6) The average deviation IQ score for the general population is ________.
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Chapter 5: Language, language Diversity, and Immigrant Education
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Teachers must also pay attention to _____________,which are the different ways of talking for males and females.
A)genderlects
B)sheltered language.
C)Heritage language.
D)code-switches
Q2) Research on bilingualism suggests that
A)the division of students into separate English classes according to the primary language is desirable.
B)learning a second language interferes with use of the first language.
C)the more skilled the individual is in the first language,the faster he/she will learn a second language.
D)the more skilled the individual is in the first language,the slower he/she will learn a second language.
Q3) The period considered to be the most sensitive for language development occurs A)after puberty.
B)about the time of puberty.
C)during the first year of life.
D)during early childhood.
7
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Chapter 6: Culture and Diversity
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72 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gender discrimination practices in classrooms foster _________.
Q2) The commonly used index of wealth,power and influence is _________.
Q3) In applying guidelines to avoid gender bias in teaching,we should remember that
A)boys have superior mathematical skills compared to girls.
B)we should encourage boys to enrol in home economics classes.
C)we should use gender-free language as much as possible.
D)girls tend to excel in math story problems compared to boys.
Q4) One way of inoculating students against stereotype threats is to
A)be assertive about defining success as "uncool."
B)believe that intelligence can be improved.
C)disidentify from success in academics.
D)psychologically disengage from success in academics.
Q5) Which one of the following quotations \(\bold{MOST}\) clearly represents the concept of stereotyping?
A)"Boys should line up to the right and girls to the left."
B)"If he's one of your friends,tell him not to apply."
C)"Matthew just doesn't seem interested in spelling."
D)"People from that region just aren't ambitious."
Q6) A group of people who are discriminated against by the dominate culture is called a(n)________ group by sociologists.
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Chapter 7: Behavioural Views of Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) During math lessons,Ms.Olson continually observed Jim reading stories from his English anthology.She has probably found
A)a short attention span to be a problem for Jim.
B)an effective reinforcer for Jim.
C)that her lessons are too hard for Jim.
D)that Jim dislikes authority figures.
Q2) Researchers agree goal-setting is most beneficial for self-management when students keep their goals private.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Give classroom-related examples of how teacher attention can increase a particular desirable student behaviour and an undesirable student behaviour.
Q4) Which one of the following is a major advantage of task analysis?
A)Allows for creativity in student responses.
B)Describes the sequence of skills leading to a goal.
C)Reduces the need for expository presentations.
D)Requires only minimal time to use.
Q5) According to the above case study.Token reinforcement
Q6) According to the above case study.Contingency contract
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Cognitive Views of Learning
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106 Verified Questions
106 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Items can typically be stored in working memory for approximately how long?
A)About 20 seconds
B)A day
C)One minute
D)One week
Q2) Bottom-up processing refers to the way people examine a new stimulus for
A)contextual cues.
B)contrasting details.
C)perceptual closure.
D)recognizable features.
Q3) Do we ever truly forget anything? Describe how information is retrieved from longterm memories and the processes that prevent or limit accurate recall.
Q4) In discussing the concept "fruit," the teacher says "...and fruits come in practically all colours." The teacher is identifying a(n)
A)defining attribute.
B)irrelevant attribute.
C)nonexample.
D)prototype.
Q5) Identify and describe the procedures of three different mnemonic strategies.
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Chapter 9: Complex Cognitive Processes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gloria thinks about the solution to a problem regarding homelessness in Toronto.She asks herself what she needs to know in order to solve the problem.She tries to think about the problem in different and,possibly,creative ways.She is then able to clarify the problem and propose a potentially useful solution.The aspect of problem solving that Gloria's strategy exemplifies is
A)flexibility.
B)functional fixedness.
C)response set.
D)transfer.
Q2) Jennifer had her stomach pumped after she ingested part of an unknown compound in chemistry class."But at home we always taste things to find out whether they're sugar or salt," she said.Jennifer is a victim of
A)negative transfer.
B)improper coding.
C)intuitive thinking.
D)divergent thinking.
Q3) According to the above case study.Working backwards:
Q4) According to the above case study.Overlearning:
Q5) According to the above case study.Means-ends analysis:
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Chapter 10: The Learning Sciences and Constructivism
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to McCaslin and Good (1996),one of the potential disadvantages of group learning is that status differences among students may be increased rather than decreased.
A)True
B)False
Q2) You plan to implement a Grade 8 mathematics unit on the personal costs of cell phone use.You have decided to teach this curricular unit using cooperative learning.How will you arrange your cooperative learning groups and what factors will you consider in regards to group assignments and membership.
Q3) Lishuan was assigned the role of making sure her group understands the learning task.Her role is referred to as the
A)reflector.
B)quiet captain.
C)checker.
D)gatekeeper.
Q4) When all students are required to participate,this is referred to as ________.
Q5) Social constructivist theorists view learning as occurring within a specific ________.
Q6) In cooperative learning,students interact ________.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Social Cognitive Views of Learning and Motivation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research indicates that the most motivating and academically beneficial tasks for students are
A)those that are simple and straightforward.
B)those that provide maximum control.
C)those that are complex.
D)those that are challenging but don't overwhelm them.
Q2) According to Bandura's theory of self-efficacy,the most important and influential source of self-efficacy information comes from
A)modelling
B)social persuasion
C)volition
D)mastery experiences
Q3) The interaction of environmental events,personal factors,and behaviours is called triarchic reciprocal causality.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In an effort to encourage students to become self-regulated learners,teachers will want to be very careful about the types of behaviours they ________.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Motivation in Learning and Teaching
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Sample Questions
Q1) The interest state that arouses,directs,and maintains behaviour is ________.
Q2) Participation in communities of practice is emphasized by what theory of motivation?
A)Cognitive
B)Humanistic
C)Constructivist
D)Sociocultural
Q3) According to the above case study.Would you describe Trina as failure-avoiding,failure-accepting,mastery-oriented,or self-determined? Explain why you believe Trina has or does NOT have each of these characteristics.
Q4) According to the above case study.Suggest some strategies that you could use to help Trina to be successful if you were her teacher.
Q5) In Maslow's hierarchy,the survival,safety,belonging,and self-esteem needs comprise the general category called ________ needs.
Q6) Teachers are encouraged to recognize students for their accomplishments,especially improving their own personal best.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Creating Learning Environments
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98 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In movement management,a major problem is to
A)avoid abrupt and slowdown transitions.
B)keep group focus.
C)demonstrate withitness.
D)watch for overlapping activities.
Q2) The fishbowl arrangement in the classroom helps to create a feeling of group cohesion.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The important goal of classroom management to expand the sheer number of minutes available for learning is called ________.
Q4) Wendy,a ninth grader,is very bright and energetic in class.She always knows the right answer and pays close attention.Her only problem is that she rarely hands in homework.Her teacher should
A)enforce the established consequences for incomplete work.
B)ignore the problem behaviour so that it will extinguish.
C)place Wendy on a system of token reinforcement.
D)relax the rules slightly so that she can catch up.
Q5) Activities that are accomplished in the classroom are described as ________.
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Chapter 14: Teaching Every Student
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which one of the following objectives is complete according to Mager's guidelines?
A)Given coloured pictures of fruits and vegetables,students will correctly classify them with a high degree of accuracy.
B)Students will correctly identify the function of the four major organs in the digestive system without using notes.
C)Students will correctly recall the major bones of the human body.
D)Using a calculator,students will solve division problems containing fractions.
Q2) In adaptive teaching,novice students should not be provided with challenging instruction because they are not able to handle it.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In adaptive teaching,self-regulated learning involves which of the following types of instruction?
A)guided practice,participant modelling,and direct instruction
B)independent study,discovery learning,and peer tutoring
C)direct instruction and motivational enhancements
D)interventions,participant modelling,and guided practice
Q4) A classification scheme for educational objectives is called a ________.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Classroom Assessment,grading,and Testing
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131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Criterion-referenced assessment is valuable in determining mastery of basic skills.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In what situations is the use of multiple-choice items desirable? Suggest some guidelines for how such items should be constructed.
Q3) What is the median for the following set of scores? Scores: 66,66,74,96,98
A)66
B)74
C)78
D)80
Q4) A standard score that directly expresses how many standard deviations a raw score is above or the below the mean is a ________.
Q5) The median is the score that occurs most often in a distribution.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The grading system that \(\bold{\text{DOES NOT}}\) permit the mathematical averaging and/or combining of test scores,homework assignments,and other measures of student performances is __________.
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