Law Enforcement Procedures
Practice Questions
Course Introduction
Law Enforcement Procedures provides a comprehensive overview of standard practices and protocols within the field of policing. The course covers key areas such as the legal foundations of policing, arrest and detention procedures, search and seizure protocols, the use of force continuum, report writing, and crime scene management. Emphasis is placed on ethical considerations, professional conduct, and the importance of communication and interpersonal skills in law enforcement interactions. Students will also explore contemporary challenges in law enforcement, including community policing strategies, cultural competency, and the integration of technology into policing practices. Through case studies, simulations, and practical exercises, this course prepares students to understand and apply the procedures necessary for effective and lawful law enforcement operations.
Recommended Textbook
Criminal Evidence Principles and Cases 8th Edition by Thomas J. Gardner
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18 Chapters
1131 Verified Questions
1131 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: History and Development of the Law of Criminal Justice
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Sample Questions
Q1) The privilege against self-incrimination (which includes the right of a defendant not to testify) is found in the ___________ Amendment.
A)Fourth
B)Fifth
C)Sixth
D)Eighth
Answer: B
Q2) Defendants in the United States whom are charged with felonies may lose their right to be present at their trial under what situations?
Answer: The two situations are; if the defendant is present at the commencement of a criminal trial but flees during the trial, Rule 43 (c) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure treats the mid-trial flight as "a knowing and voluntary waiver of the right to be present".Crosby, 506 U.S.at 261.The trial may then proceed without the presence of the defendant in such a case; secondly, if a defendant continuously disrupts the criminal trial, a trial judge may rule (after warning the defendant) that the defendant has waived the right to be present in the courtroom.The defendant would then be paced in another room and observe the trial from there.
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Important Aspects of the American Criminal Justice System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The U.S.Constitution is the supreme law of the land.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) If the judge or jury is not allowed to see or hear the evidence, the evidence is said to be ____________.
Answer: inadmissible
Q3) Emergency procedures permit a law enforcement officer or a physician to place a person in a mental health facility who exhibits signs of a mental illness for an initial period of no longer than ______ hours.
Answer: 48
Q4) All jurisdictions in the U.S.utilize the Federal Rules of Evidence.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q5) The American system of justice is basically an adversary system. A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Using Evidence to Determine Guilt or Innocence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Every case that proceeds to the warrant phase will ultimately be disposed of by plea or trial.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Many defendants plea bargain and plead guilty in hopes of obtaining a lighter (or more lenient) _____________.
Answer: sentence
Q3) An affirmative defense is one in which the defendant
A)denies doing the criminal act.
B)argues the defense of double jeopardy.
C)has agreed to a plea bargain.
D)admits doing the act but claims other matters that will result in an acquittal.
Answer: D
Q4) The greatest risk of granting _________ is flight. Answer: bail
Q5) Following the filing of a criminal complaint, the judge or magistrate may issue an arrest _____________.
Answer: warrant
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Chapter 4: Direct and Circumstantial Evidence and the Use of Inferences
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the sufficiency-of-evidence requirement in relation to a guilty verdict.
Q2) In some instances, presumptions may operate against a defendant's right to ____________ and thus be unconstitutional.
A)counsel
B)subpoena witnesses
C)a public trial
D)a trial by jury
Q3) _____________are reasonable conclusions or deductions that fact finders (juries or judges) may draw from the evidence presented to them.
A)convictions
B)deductions.
C)inferences
D)determinations
Q4) Differentiate a presumption from an inference.
Q5) Evidence consists of the materials presented to the trier of fact
A)pursuant to presumptions.
B)to convince them of the existence of a fact.
C)to explain the judge's instructions.
D)to attempt to contradict inferences.
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Chapter 5: Witnesses and the Testimony of Witnesses
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a jury trial, voir dire of witnesses is conducted by the foreperson of the jury.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Under the Sixth Amendment, a defendant who lies on the witness stand cannot be prosecuted for perjury.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Adult witnesses are
A)presumed incompetent unless shown to be competent.
B)presumed competent unless shown to be incompetent.
C)always subjected to voir dire before being allowed to testify.
D)presumed competent if they are at least 21 years of age.
Q4) As fact finders, the jury alone determines the ______ given to all evidence.
A)exceptions
B)legality
C)weight
D)sequence
Q5) Describe and discuss the Sixth Amendment rights of defendants with regard to witnesses.
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Chapter 6: Judicial Notice, Privileges of Witnesses, and Shield Laws
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Sample Questions
Q1) The privilege against self-______________ is found in the Fifth Amendment.
Q2) The husband-wife privilege does not apply when one spouse has committed a crime against the other spouse.
A)True
B)False
Q3) List the common examples of the use of judicial notice to prove matters of general knowledge:
Q4) The oldest application of judicial notice is for A)matters generally known within the community or state.
B)scientific principles.
C)the identity of defendants.
D)published official records.
Q5) What is the police-informant privilege? What is its rationale, and what are some exceptions to this privilege?
Q6) The primary purpose of judicial notice is to A)protect the rights of defendants.
B)assure a fair trial for both parties.
C)give the judge more control over the proceedings.
D)save time and effort.
Q7) The term "exemplar" means a ______________. Page 8
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Page 9
Chapter 7: The Use of Hearsay in the Courtroom
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Sample Questions
Q1) Define "hearsay" and provide an example.Be sure to explain why the example meets the definition.(LO1, 154)
Q2) Statements made by a ________during and in furtherance of the conspiracy are not hearsay
A)co- conspirator
B)admissible.
C)not admissible unless the opponent objects.
D)admissible if the opponent objects.
Q3) A statement that is offered only to show the effect on the ____________ is not hearsay when offered to show the state of mind of another.
Q4) In the Federal Rules of Evidence, one form of statement that is specifically excluded from the definition of hearsay is termed the _____________ rule.
Q5) The rule against hearsay and the ____________ Amendment confrontation clause address similar problems.
Q6) Early in the thirteenth century, English courts began strictly excluding hearsay.
A)True B)False
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Page 10
Chapter 8: The Confrontation Clause and Exceptions to the Hearsay Rule
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Sample Questions
Q1) There were no rules about hearsay under the common law.
A)True
B)False
Q2) There is a hearsay exception for learned treatises that are established, reliable sources.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The rule against hearsay and the _____________ Clause of the Sixth Amendment deal with similar testimonial issues.
A)Venue
B)Counsel
C)Public trial
D)Confrontation
Q4) There is a hearsay exception for dying _____________.
Q5) Crawford v.Washington is a decision which protects A)defendants.
B)the government.
C)each side equally.
D)only factually guilty defendants.
Q6) Describe the "Forfeiture by Wrongdoing" doctrine. Page 11
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Chapter 9: The Exclusionary Rule
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Sample Questions
Q1) The exclusionary rule exacts a social cost when it is used to exclude relevant, reliable evidence.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Define and discuss three exceptions to the exclusionary rule and/or fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine.Be sure to provide examples.
Q3) In ____________ v.Ohio, the U.S.Supreme Court made the federal exclusionary rule binding on the states.
Q4) The U.S.Supreme Court has concluded that the inevitable discovery exception has the same basic justification as the independent _____________ rule.
Q5) What is the "fruit of the poisonous tree" doctrine? Why do you think it is necessary to have such a rule?
Q6) Improper police conduct must be deterred in order to accomplish the purpose of the _________ Amendment.
A)Second
B)Eighth
C)First
D)Fourth
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Chapter 10: Where the Exclusionary Rule Does Not Apply
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Sample Questions
Q1) Maryland v.Garrison is an example of the U.S.Supreme Court's honest mistake exception.
A)True
B)False
Q2) If evidence is obtained in a legitimate consent search, the _____________ rule does not apply.
Q3) The person with actual or apparent authority would most likely be
A)driver of a car.
B)co-tenant of apartment if other tenant objects.
C)landlord of rented space.
D)motel manager.
Q4) An officer who is acting _________________ cannot rely on the good faith exception.
A)in their official capacity
B)to solve or prevent crime
C)in an objectively unreasonable fashion
D)who subjectively has doubts about his or her actions
Q5) Denial of ____________ can result in abandonment.
Q6) When does an individual lose their expectation of privacy in rental property?
Q7) To be able to raise a legal issue, the person must have ____________.
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Chapter 11: Special Needs and Administrative Searches
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Sample Questions
Q1) A person on probation has a "_________________" interest that justified the officer to stop and search.
Q2) Enterprises involving liquor, firearms, coal mining, pharmacies, and taverns are among those deemed to be "closely regulated businesses."
A)True
B)False
Q3) The U.S.Supreme Court held that the probable cause standard is related to criminal investigations.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Drug testing of police officers can generally be conducted on reasonable suspicion.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are the two types of drug testing of peace officers that have been allowed by courts in the absence of a warrant or probable cause? Do you agree with the decisions of those courts? Explain your position.
Q6) Public schools may randomly drug test student _____________.
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Page 15
Chapter 12: Obtaining Statements and Confessions for Use
As Evidence
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Massiah rule is based on the ____________ Amendment.
Q2) After a suspect is charged with a crime, his/her _____Amendment right to an attorney must be observed.
A)Fourth
B)Fifth
C)Sixth
D)Eighth
Q3) Once a Miranda waiver is given, it may not be withdrawn.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Miranda warnings are not required in ordinary traffic stops.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The totality of the circumstances includes interrogating factors and places of questioning.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
Q6) What is the difference between the Sixth Amendment rights of a person in custody being interrogated and a person charged with a crime? Be sure to provide examples.
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Chapter 13: The Law Governing Identification Evidence
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to a 2008 Nebraska Law Review article, more than ___ percent of eyewitness testimony is mistaken identification.
A)40
B)10
C)30
D)50
Q2) Voice graphs made on a spectrograph analyzes voice recordings based on intensity, frequency and time gaps.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Discuss the Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia (Washington, DC) issued instructions in regard to the use of photographs and the photographic array:
Q4) Eyewitness identifications are extremely reliable.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A _______two days after the crime in a situation where the witness was dying in the hospital was upheld by the U.S.Supreme Court.
Q6) Define the AMBER alert system.
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Chapter 14: Obtaining Physical and Other Evidence
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Sample Questions
Q1) A consent to search is a _____________ of Fourth Amendment protections.
A)contradiction
B)waiver
C)contraindication
D)subjugation
Q2) Explain the concept of community caretaking.What impact does this have on obtaining evidence of criminal conduct?
Q3) An arrest warrant confers a limited authority to enter the dwelling in which the suspect resides when there is reason to believe the suspect is inside.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Under the Fourth Amendment, when executing a search warrant, police are authorized to use reasonable force if necessary to detain the occupants while the search is going on.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss the exceptions to the Fourth Amendment's search warrant requirement recognized by the Supreme Court.
Q6) At a minimum, stop and frisk require that the officer have __________ suspicion.
Page 18
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Chapter 15: Obtaining Evidence From Computers or by Use
of Search Warrants, Wiretapping, or Dogs Trained to
Indicate an Alert
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Sample Questions
Q1) Even if police do not have a warrant, they can still search a computer or any location if they have consent from a person in authority.
A)True
B)False
Q2) To continue monitoring the calls of suspects who frequently change phones, federal law authorizes the use of ____________ wiretaps.
Q3) Discuss using Global Positioning Systems (GPS) in evidence collection.
Q4) Federal law authorizes the use of "roving wiretaps" to cover suspects who use a series of different telephones.
A)True
B)False
Q5) If police fear violence or destruction of evidence when executing a search warrant, they can request a ____________ warrant.
A)general
B)anticipatory
C)no-knock
D)participatory
Q6) The Fourth Amendment requires that warrants be based on _____________ cause. Page 19
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Page 20
Chapter 16: The Crime Scene, The Chain of Custody
Requirement, and the Use of Fingerprints and Trace Evidence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss what a trained dog can use scent evidence to perform.
Q2) The USA _______ACT of 2001 expanded the authority of government to use many of these measures in combating terrorism.
Q3) The _________of a search made at a crime scene is a factor in determining the reasonableness of the search.
A)purpose
B)intrusiveness
C)duration
D)thoroughness
Q4) In Maryland v.___________, the Supreme Court approved of protective sweeps on reasonable suspicion for officer protection while making an arrest or search.
A)McCullough
B)Buie
C)Cochran
D)Davis
Q5) In drug cases, the chain of custody does not have to be established.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The term "__________" means having a legal right to raise a legal issue. Page 21
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Page 22
Chapter 17: Videotapes, Photographs, Documents, and Writings As Evidence
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Sample Questions
Q1) The majority of documents and writings introduced for use as evidence in criminal trials are proven authentic and genuine by ______evidence or by the contents of the document or writing itself.
A)circumstantial
B)real
C)direct
D)presumptive
Q2) Discuss, describe, compare, and contrast the protections of the Fourth and Fifth Amendments with regard to documents.Be sure to provide examples.
Q3) Photographs and videotapes are demonstrative __________because they portray (demonstrate) objects, persons, or events not in the courtroom.
A)hearsay
B)articles
C)facts
D)evidence
Q4) The ____________ Amendment contains a privilege against self-incrimination.
Q5) The Fourth Amendment does not protect against the seizure of documents.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: Scientific Evidence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss, describe, compare, and contrast the Frye rule with its successor, the Daubert rule.
Q2) A judge can take judicial notice of the validity of the theories and techniques underlying scientific evidence.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Requiring convicted felons to give blood samples for DNA databases violates the privilege against self-incrimination.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In 1999, in the Kumho Tire Co.decision, the Supreme Court extended the Daubert test to A)hearsay.
B)ancient documents.
C)technical evidence.
D)DNA evidence.
Q5) Animal DNA can be linked to the crime scene and used as evidence. A)True B)False
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