Judicial Process in Canada
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course offers a comprehensive examination of the judicial process in Canada, focusing on the structure, functions, and roles of courts at various levels, including provincial, federal, and the Supreme Court. Students will explore the principles of judicial independence, the appointment and tenure of judges, and the interaction between the judiciary and other branches of government. The course also addresses the procedures involved in civil and criminal cases, the appeals process, and the influence of precedent and legal reasoning in judicial decision-making. Through case studies and analysis of landmark judgments, students will gain insight into how Canadian courts interpret laws, uphold rights, and shape public policy within the framework of the Canadian Constitution.
Recommended Textbook
Criminal Justice in Canada 7th Edition by Colin Goff
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Page 2
Chapter 1: An Overview of the Criminal Justice System in Canada
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Q1) A member of parliament discovers that his relative has broken the law.He approaches his longtime friend,Justice Bloom,in the hope he will get his relative's charges dropped.He expresses to the justice that their friendship should help with an exemption from the law for his relative.Justice Bloom explains there are no exemptions from the law regardless of who you are.Which element of the rule of law does this example demonstrate?
A)foundation of law
B)character of law
C)institution of law
D)scope of law
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following gives Canadian authorities a more efficient mechanism to remove non-citizen terrorist suspects from Canada without first having to lay charges?
A)preventive hearings
B)investigative hearings
C)special advocate certificates
D)security certificates
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Criminal Law and Criminal Justice in Canada
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Q1) Bill C-127 recognized that a spouse could not be charged with sexual assault.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
Q2) Police-recorded rate of sexual assault has increased over the years.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
Q3) Allen commits a crime by selling drugs to a group of youth behind the school gym.What is the body of legislative actions that determines Allen's conduct is punishable by the state?
A)procedural criminal law
B)the Charter of Rights and Freedoms
C)substantive criminal law
D)the rule of law
Answer: C
Q4) Victimless crimes violate morality and the law.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Control Philosophy and Criminal Justice Policy
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Q1) What is one of the most common programs currently being used in restorative justice processes?
A)repairing the damage to any property involved in the crime
B)community policing
C)writing an apology letter to the victim
D)conferencing
Answer: D
Q2) To whom is disclosure about sexual abuse first made in the Hollow Water CHCH program?
A)the police
B)a Crown prosecutor
C)a community team
D)a provincially appointed advocate
Answer: C
Q3) What is required before a restorative justice system is considered?
A)the Crown prosecutor must approve
B)the offender must plead guilty
C)the victim must submit a victim statement
D)the offender must plead not guilty
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Crime Rates, Crime Trends, and Criminal
Victimization in Canada
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Q1) Researchers have discovered that overall between 1962 and 2003 crime rates in Canada have tended to follow shifts in the population,although there is a bit of a "lag effect."
A)True
B)False
Q2) The Crime Severity Index only takes into account seriousness of crime.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What was the trend in the homicide rate from 2013 to 2014?
A)the rate increased
B)the rate decreased
C)the rate remained the same
D)the rate was not reported in 2013
Q4) The overall crime totals are an accurate reflection of the crime rate in any given year.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Highlight and explain three different factors that affect police-reported crime rates.
Q6) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of self-report studies.
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Chapter 5: The Context of Policing
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Q1) The most common policing agreement under the First Nations Policing Policy (FNPP)in 2007 was the self-administered approach.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What was the most typical response of the Amerindian Police to an incident?
A)formal interrogation
B)an arrest
C)no charge
D)suspect detained
Q3) According to Regoli and Poole,feelings of cynicism among police officers appear to intensify the need to maintain respect and exert authority over others.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The original four organizational characteristics of the professional model of policing are no longer relevant to policing today.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: The Practice of Policing
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Q1) The social agent policing style involves public expectations that the police direct their low enforcement actions toward strangers while giving local residents great latitude.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is a component of the criminal investigation process?
A)preliminary investigation
B)interrogation of suspect(s)
C)attending court
D)use of forensic techniques
Q3) From Table 6.2 in the textbook,which compares the various policing models in terms of social interaction or structural dimension,what is the model that has a law,order,and fear problems focus of policing?
A)traditional policing
B)community policing
C)problem-oriented policing
D)zero tolerance policing
Q4) "Hot spots" patrol is one type of proactive policing patrol.
A)True
B)False
Page 8
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Chapter 7: The Police and the Law
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Q1) Three different legal areas govern searches and seizures in Canada: the common law,the Criminal Code,and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to the Criminal Code,police officers have to follow a reasonableness standard when using force.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to Nicol,police resort to investigative detentions because the opportunity to stop and confront suspects is an invaluable tool.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In R.v.Feeney,the minority of the Supreme Court of Canada followed the crime control model in their final decision.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss and explain how and why the Mr.Big police interrogation operates and works.
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Chapter 8: Pretrial Criminal Procedure
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Q1) What is the maximum number of jurors allowed in a trial?
A)10
B)12
C)14
D)16
Q2) Which of the following refers to the duty imposed upon the prosecution to give all evidence he/she will use in the trial to the defence?
A)disclosure
B)detention
C)equality
D)the right to make full answer and defence
Q3) In which of the following cases did the guidelines for disclosure emerge through a decision by the Supreme Court of Canada?
A)R.v.Stinchcombe
B)R.v.Sophonow
C)R.v.Marshall
D)R.v.Milgaard
Q4) Discuss the history,role,and importance of disclosure.
Q5) Timeline the history and highlight the importance of a bail hearing.
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Chapter 9: The Courts and Criminal Trial Procedure
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Q1) If a trial does not involve a jury,the opening statements will be lengthier to the judge.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which section of the Criminal Code gives the judge the right to exclude the public from all or part of a trial if the judge feels that doing so is in the "interest of public morals,the maintenance of order,or the property order of administration"?
A)Section 481(3)
B)Section 486(1)
C)Section 493(5)
D)Section 495(1)
Q3) Explain and discuss the differences between the burden of the court and the burden of the accused hypotheses.
Q4) The crime control model believes that protecting society is a secondary purpose of the courts.
A)True
B)False
Q5) List and explain the three sources that the Supreme Court of Canada decides on cases.
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Chapter 10: Sentences and Dispositions
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Q1) Through studies,specific deterrence has been successful in stopping people from committing a second crime once they serve their sentence for a first offence.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A sentencing approach emphasizing rehabilitation is based on the belief that all offenders can be treated in such a way that when they are released they will live crime-free lives within the community.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Appeals of decisions made by sentencing circles are rare.
A)True
B)False
Q4) For which of the following crimes would Peter see the greatest likelihood of a custodial sentence?
A)homicide
B)attempted murder
C)robbery
D)being unlawfully at large
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Offenders Supervised in the Community
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Q1) Avoiding contact with children (for a child molester placed on probation)is an example of a mandatory condition of probation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to Gendreau and Little,which of the following is necessary for intermediate sanctions to be successful?
A)they must be extensive
B)they must be based on the social roots of criminal behaviour
C)they must be lacking in accountability
D)they must be structured
Q3) The first question the mental health court asks is how can the law benefit the accused in dealing with his or her mental health issue and at the same time protect the public.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Recidivism rates are considered to be the most important criteria by which success or failure of a conditional release program is judged.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Corrections in Canada
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Q1) Which healing lodge was opened by the federal government in 1995 for Aboriginal female offenders?
A)Pe Sakestew Centre
B)Kwikwexwelhp Healing Village
C)Okimaw Ohci Healing Lodge
D)Willow Cree Healing Lodge
Q2) Fifty percent of the federally incarcerated women are mothers to children under 18.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What does the "duty to act fairly" toward inmates in a correctional facility refer to?
A)the right to be heard
B)the right to a lawyer
C)the right to a conditional release program
D)the right to use the prison library
Q4) At the current time,there are no healing lodges for Aboriginal offenders located within the walls of federal correctional facilities.
A)True
B)False
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Community Reintegration
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Q1) To which offenders are the community correctional centres (CCCs)available?
A)federal offenders
B)provincial offenders
C)both federal and provincial offenders
D)Aboriginal offenders only
Q2) Life in a correctional facility is supposed to resemble life in society.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In Canada,most inmates are not released into the community until the end of their sentence.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What was the percentage of lifers serving a sentence in the federal correctional system in 2012-13?
A)12 percent
B)17 percent
C)23 percent
D)27 percent
Q5) Discuss the new provisions and changes to record suspensions.
Q6) Discuss how either gender or race is related to recidivism in Canada.
Page 15
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