Introductory Physics for Scientists and Engineers Test Questions - 2855 Verified Questions

Introductory Physics for Scientists and Engineers

Test Questions

Course Introduction

This course provides a foundational understanding of physics principles essential for students pursuing careers in science and engineering. Topics include classical mechanics, thermodynamics, waves, electricity, magnetism, and an introduction to modern physics. Emphasis is placed on problem-solving, quantitative reasoning, and the application of physical concepts to real-world scenarios. Laboratory work and experiments supplement theoretical instruction, fostering practical skills and a deeper appreciation for the role of physics in technological and scientific advancements.

Recommended Textbook University Physics with Modern Physics 2nd Edition by Wolfgang Bauer

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Page 2

Chapter 1: Overview

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Sample Questions

Q1) The measured length of a cylindrical laser beam is 12.1 meters,its measured diameter is 0.00121 meters,and its measured intensity is 1.21 * 10⁵ W/m².Which of these measurements is the most precise?

A)length

B)diameter

C)intensity

D)All three are equally precise.

Answer: D

Q2) What is the minimum number of post-it note sheets,length 3.00 inches and width 2.00 inches,you would need to make a straight line from the wall in your dorm room to the door which is 30.0 feet away from the wall?

A)50

B)80

C)120

D)180

E)200

Answer: C

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Chapter 2: Motion in a Straight Line

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Q1) In the classic book by Jules Verne,Phileas Fogg travels around the world in 80 days.Leaving London,heading east,and arriving back in London 80 days later from the west.If the radius of the Earth is 6.38 x 10⁶ m (for this problem,treat London as being on the equator),find the average velocity of Mr.Fogg.

A)zero

B)0.92 m/s

C)5.8 m/s

D)More information is needed.

Answer: A

Q2) A helicopter lifts off at a constant acceleration of 2.3 m/s² upward.What is the height of the helicopter 2.5 s after liftoff?

A)6.6 m

B)7.2 m

C)13 m

D)14 m

Answer: B

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Chapter 3: Motion in Two and Three Dimensions

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Q1) In 1971,Alan Shepard hit two golf-balls on the surface of the Moon (where the acceleration due to gravity is only 1.62 m/s²).If the launch angle was 27S1U1P1\(\circ\)S1S1P0 and the ball traveled 400 m,what was the initial speed of the ball?

A)28 m/s

B)38 m/s

C)70 m/s

D)801 m/s

Answer: A

Q2) A cannon shell is shot horizontally from the top of a 50-m tall cliff at a speed of 5 m/s and an angle of 30S1U1P1\(\circ\)S1S1P0 above the horizontal.How far from the base of the cliff does the cannon shell hit the ground?

A)11.2 m

B)12.4 m

C)30.1 m

D)7.63 m

E)15.0 m

Answer: E

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Chapter 4: Force

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Q1) What determines the magnitude of the force of static friction on an object at rest at all times on a flat level horizontal surface being pushed to the right by another solid object?

A)the magnitude of the normal force in the vertical direction

B)the magnitude of the normal force in the horizontal direction

C)the object's weight

D)None are correct.

Q2) An elevator's cable can handle a tension of 95,500N.Assuming the car has a mass of 2950 kg and it is carrying a full load of passengers whose combined mass is 3750 kg,what is the minimum time required for the elevator to rise 50.0 m from rest?

A)2.65 s

B)3.35 s

C)4.74 s

D)5.96 s

Q3) The direction of the normal force is always

A)parallel to the surface of contact.

B)perpendicular to the surface of contact.

C)opposite the direction of the gravitational force.

D)None are correct.

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Page 6

Chapter 5: Kinetic Energy, work, and Power

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Q1) A force of 40.0 N is applied to a crate to displace it by 50.0 m.How much work is done on the crate by this force?

A)1.25 F1F1F1S1 F1F1F10 10³ J

B)1.50 F1F1F1S1 F1F1F10 10³ J

C)2.00 F1F1F1S1 F1F1F10 10³ J

D)2.25 F1F1F1S1 F1F1F10 10³ J

Q2) A force has the dependence F_x = -ax⁴ on the position x.The work performed by this force when the position of its point of application changes from 0.75 m to 1.50 m is -32.2 J.the constant a is

A)23.2 N/m⁴

B)19.1 N/m⁴

C)25.0 N/m⁴

D)29.3 N/m⁴

E)21.9 N/m⁴

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Chapter 6: Potential Energy and Energy Conservation

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Q1) On a snowy day your car which is moving at 20 km/h skids 15 m with locked brakes.When moving at 120 km/h with locked brakes,your car would skid

A)540 m

B)90 m

C)320 m

D)129 m

Q2) A loaded wheelbarrow with a total mass of 70 kg is moved from the bottom to the top of a 2.5-m tall hill.The change in the potential energy of the loaded wheelbarrow is A)687 J.

B)1717 J.

C)-687 J.

D)-1717 J.

E)0 J.

Q3) The mechanical energy of an object is always equal to A)the work done on the object.

B)the change in the object's kinetic energy.

C)the sum of the object's kinetic and potential energies.

D)All are correct.

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8

Chapter 7: Momentum and Collisions

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Q1) A 1900-kg car hits a parked 2200-kg car at 32 m/s and sticks to it.What is the velocity of the two cars after the collision?

A)12.3 m/s

B)32.0 m/s

C)14.8 m/s

D)0.0 m/s

E)16.2 m/s

Q2) Two billiard balls undergo a glancing collision.Before the collision the first ball was travelling east at 2.6 m/s and the second ball was travelling west at 1.2 m/s.If the second ball is deflected by +90 degrees travelling north at 1.47 m/s,what is the speed of the first ball after the collision?

A)1.39 m/s

B)1.68 m/s

C)2.57 m/s

D)2.03 m/s

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Chapter 8: Systems of Particles and Extended Objects

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Sample Questions

Q1) An explosive hockey puck of mass 0.127 kg slides along the ice at 32 m/s in the +x direction,and explodes,leaving a 0.075-kg chunk stationary.What is the speed of the other chunk?

A)0.0 m/s

B)32 m/s

C)54 m/s

D)19 m/s

E)78 m/s

Q2) A system consists of two particles: particle 1,having the mass m₁ = 4.0 kg is located at (-4.0 m,1.0 m)and particle 2,having the mass m₂ = 5.0 kg is located at (2.0 m,1.0 m).The direction of the position vector of the center of mass of the system measured from the positive x-axis is

A)-56.3^o

B)-79.2^o

C)101^o

D)123^o

E)112^o

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Page 10

Chapter 9: Circular Motion

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Sample Questions

Q1) A centrifuge in a medical laboratory rotates from rest to an angular speed of 3,800 rpm (revolutions per minute)while making 86.0 complete rotations.Find the time required to reach maximum speed,assuming uniform acceleration.

A)0.0423 s

B)1.36 s

C)2.72 s

D)3.14 s

Q2) A pendulum is composed of a mass m suspended from the ceiling by a massless string of length L.The mass is pulled back,raised and released.If the tension in the string at the bottom of the swing is 2mg,how high was the the mass raised above the bottom of the swing?

A)0.33 L

B)0.25 L

C)0.10 L

D)0.50 L

E)0.67 L

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Chapter 10: Rotation

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Sample Questions

Q1) In a water molecule the angle between the two H-O bonds is 105S1U1P1\(\circ\)S1S1P0 and the distance between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms is 9 * 10^-11 m.The mass of the hydrogen atom m_H is 1.67 * 10^-27 kg and that of the oxygen atom m_O = 16 m_H.The moment of inertia of the water molecule about an axis along one of the H-O bonds is

A)1.35 * 10^-47 kg m².

B)1.26 * 10^-47 kg m².

C)0.89 * 10^-47 kg m².

D)0.15 * 10^-47 kg m².

Q2) Angular momentum is defined as

A)mass multiplied by velocity.

B)mass multiplied by speed.

C)moment of inertia multiplied by angular velocity.

D)moment of inertia multiplied by angular speed.

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Chapter 11: Static Equilibrium

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Q1) Your friend Joe hangs from a horizontal bar by his two hands,with his arms each inclined 35 degrees from the vertical (so that his arms have an angle between them of 70 degrees.If his mass is 76 kg,what is the tension in each of his arms?

A)745 N

B)372 N

C)455 N

D)909 N

E)1090 N

Q2) A 33-kg bowling ball is held up on a frictionless vertical wall by a string.The string goes from the bowling ball to an attachment point on the wall directly above the ball.The string makes an angle of 34S1U1P1\(\circ\)S1S1P0 with respect to vertical.The horizontal force that the wall exerts on the ball is

A)324 N.

B)480 N.

C)195 N.

D)521 N.

E)218 N.

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13

Chapter 12: Gravitation

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Q1) At what elevation above the Earth's surface is the acceleration due to gravity 1% less than it is at the surface? The radius of the Earth is 6.37 * 10⁶ m.

A)31.9 km

B)32.1 km

C)40.6 km

D)63.7 km

Q2) Satellites in low Earth orbit lose energy from collision with the tenuous atmosphere,causing them to slowly spiral inward.What happens to their kinetic energy as they fall inward?

A)It decreases.

B)It increases.

C)It remains constant.

D)It may either increase or decrease,depending on the particular spiral.

Q3) The radius of the orbit of a planet around a star is proportional to

A)the orbital period of the planet.

B)the square root of the orbital period of the planet.

C)the square of the orbital period of the planet.

D)the 3/2 power of the orbital period of the planet.

E)the 2/3 power of the orbital period of the planet.

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Page 14

Chapter 13: Solids and Fluids

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Q1) Find the minimum diameter of a nylon wire 50 m long that will stretch no more than 25 cm when a load of 90.0 kg is hung on the lower end.Assume that Y _nylon = 3.51 * 10⁸ N/m².

A)1.11 cm

B)0.253 cm

C)0.111 cm

D)2.53 cm

E)1.24 cm

Q2) If the radius of your head (treated as a cylinder)is 7.0 cm,what is the force exerted by air pressure on the top of your head? Assume standard pressure of 101.5 kPa.

A)150 N

B)520 N

C)660 N

D)1.6k N

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15

Chapter 14: Oscillations

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Sample Questions

Q1) Simple harmonic motion requires that the magnitude of the net restoring force is proportional to the magnitude of which quantity?

A)velocity

B)angular velocity

C)angular frequency

D)displacement

Q2) Resonance occurs when the angular speed of the external driving force is approximately equal to

A)the natural angular speed of the harmonic oscillator.

B)its minimum value.

C)its maximum value.

D)None are correct.

Q3) In the small angle approximation,the angle must be measured in A)radians.

B)degrees.

C)revolutions.

D)gradians.

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16

Chapter 15: Waves

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Sample Questions

Q1) If the speed of gravity waves is the same a for light (3.00 * 10⁸ m/s),as is thought to be the case,find the fundamental frequency of waves that would be detected by LIGO (distance between the two end points is 3002 km).

A)50 Hz

B)100 Hz

C)200 Hz

D)900 Hz

E)Gravity waves,unlike electromagnetic waves,do not have a frequency.

Q2) A string is 80.0 cm long and has a mass per unit length of 5.51 * 10^-4 kg/m.The tension in the string is 200 N.In the fundamental mode,at what frequency does the string vibrate?

A)376 Hz

B)450 Hz

C)598 Hz

D)702 Hz

E)964 Hz

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Chapter 16: Sound

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Q1) My home is exactly 5.9 km from Spartan Stadium,where the football team has just scored another touchdown.Since the game is broadcast live,I can see the touchdown on TV,essentially without time delay.The time difference between when I see the touchdown and when I hear the roar from the stadium is 16.9 s.What is the temperature (in degrees Celsius)of the air?

A)30.2S1U1P1\(\circ\)S1S1P0C

B)25.2S1U1P1\(\circ\)S1S1P0C

C)20.2S1U1P1\(\circ\)S1S1P0C

D)15.2S1U1P1\(\circ\)S1S1P0C

E)10.2S1U1P1\(\circ\)S1S1P0C

Q2) Two people are talking at a distance of 2.0 m from where you are and you measure the sound intensity as 1.5 * 10^-7 W/m².Another student is 8.0 m away from the talkers.What sound intensity does the other student measure?

A)9.4 * 10^-9 W/m²

B)1.7 * 10^-11 W/m²

C)4.7 * 10^-7 W/m²

D)6.2 * 10^-8 W/m²

E)3.5 * 10^-10 W/m²

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Chapter 17: Temperature

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Q1) What is the temperature of the Universe as determined by the cosmic microwave background radiation?

A)2.7 K

B)233 K

C)273 K

D)289 K

E)6000 K

Q2) A brass key (\(\alpha\) = 19 * 10^-6

S1U1P1\(\circ\)S1S1P0C^-1,\(\beta\) = 57 * 10^-6

S1U1P1\(\circ\)S1S1P0C^-1)is heated from 20.0S1U1P1\(\circ\)S1S1P0C up to 180.0S1U1P1\(\circ\)S1S1P0C.If the initial length is 6.00 cm,what is the final length?

A)6.00 cm

B)6.02 cm

C)6.05 cm

D)6.0547 cm

E)6.30 cm

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Chapter 18: Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics

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Q1) A 2.0-kg piece of steel with a temperature of 70S1U1P1\(\circ\)S1S1P0C is submerged in 1.0 kg of water at 15S1U1P1\(\circ\)S1S1P0C.At what temperature does the water/metal system reach equilibrium? The specific heat of steel is 0.107 cal/(g * K).

A)17S1U1P1\(\circ\)S1S1P0C

B)25S1U1P1\(\circ\)S1S1P0C

C)38S1U1P1\(\circ\)S1S1P0C

D)42S1U1P1\(\circ\)S1S1P0C

Q2) How much heat is required to turn a 1 kg cube of ice at -10S1U1P1\(\circ\)S1S1P0C to steam at 110S1U1P1\(\circ\)S1S1P0C?

A)3013 kJ

B)3055 kJ

C)2260 kJ

D)2510 kJ

E)2817 kJ

Q3) For an adiabatic process,

A)the work done by the system is always zero.

B)no heat ever flows between the system and its environment.

C)the change of the system's internal energy is always zero.

D)None are correct.

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Page 20

Chapter 19: Ideal Gases

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Q1) A cylinder containing nitrogen gas is at room temperature (300 K).If the volume of the gas container is held constant and the gas is heated,such that 1.46 * 10⁴

J of energy is transferred by heat to the gas;the temperature of the gas increases by 80 K.How many moles of gas are in the container?

A)7.9 mol

B)6.1 mol

C)8.8 mol

D)5.0 mol

Q2) The higher the humidity in the air the more water vapor is present in the atmosphere.As the humidity increases,what happens to the density of air?

A)It increases.

B)It decreases.

C)It remains constant.

D)It may either increase or decrease,depending on the temperature.

Q3) The specific heat of an ideal gas at constant pressure is never

A)greater than the universal gas constant.

B)less than the universal gas constant.

C)used to determine the internal energy of an ideal gas.

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Chapter 20: The Second Law of Thermodynamics

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Q1) How much work will need to be input to expel 5.0 J of heat to the hot reservoir of a Carnot heat pump operated between 20S1U1P1\(\circ\)S1S1P0C and 0S1U1P1\(\circ\)S1S1P0C?

A)0.23 J

B)0.37 J

C)0.56 J

D)0.68 J

E)0.34 J

Q2) A coin is tossed five times.What is the probability that the coin lands four times heads up and once as tails?

A)0.031

B)0.082

C)0.16

D)0.25

E)0.31

Q3) A system undergoes a reversible adiabatic process.The entropy change of the system is

A)\(\Delta\)S < 0.

B)\(\Delta\)S > 0.

C)\(\Delta\)S = 0.

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Chapter 21: Electrostatics

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Q1) According to the Bohr model of the atom,an electron orbits the nucleus in a circular orbit.Find the linear speed of an electron in a circular orbit around a proton.Ignore any relativistic or quantum effects. Mass of the electron: 9.11 * 10^-31 kg

Mass of the proton: 1.67 *10^-27 kg

Radius of orbit: 5.29 *10^-11 m

A)5.6 *¹⁶ rad/s

B)3.2 * 10¹⁶ rad/s

C)7.9 * 10¹⁶ rad/s

D)4.1 * 10¹⁶ rad/s

E)1.0 * 10¹⁶ rad/s

Q2) When two charges are separated by a distance d,the magnitude of the electrostatic force between them is F. What would be the magnitude of the electrostatic force between them if the separation distance was d/2?

A)F/4

B)F/2

C)2F

D)4F

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Chapter 22: Electric Fields and Gausss Law

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Q1) In which of the following situations is the magnitude of the electric field the strongest.

A)a point 1 m from a 1-C point charge

B)a point 1 m along a perpendicular line from the center of a 1-m rod with a charge of 1-C

C)a point 1 m along a perpendicular line from the center of a 1-m diameter disk of charge 1 C

D)a point 1 m from the end of a 1m rod with a charge of 1 C along a line running longitudinal with the rod

E)All of the choices have the same electric field.

Q2) A solid,insulating sphere of radius a = 2 cm has a total charge Q = 10 nC which is uniformly distributed.Using Gauss's Law determine the magnitude of the electric field at a point inside sphere which is 1 cm from its center.

A)1.13 * 10⁵ N/C

B)2.25 * 10⁵ N/C

C)0 N/C

D)3.61 * 10⁵ N/C

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Chapter 23: Electric Potential

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Q1) Two metallic spheres have radii of 10 cm and 5 cm,respectively.The electric field strength on the surface of each sphere is 3600 N/C.The two spheres are then connected together by a long,thin metal wire.Determine the electric field strength on the surface of 10-cm radius sphere while they are connected.

A)3600 N/C

B)3000 N/C

C)6000 N/C

D)4500 N/C

Q2) Two charges Q₁ = 4.4 \(\mu\)C and Q₂ = -3.9 \(\mu\)C are located on the x-axis at x₁ = -80 m and x₂ = 87 m.What is the electric potential at x = 52 m?

A)0.125 V

B)-0.125 V

C)0 V

D)703 V

E)-703 V

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Chapter 24: Capacitors

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Q1) Consider a capacitor that consists of two parallel plates,one of which can move relative to the other.Air fills the space between the plates,the capacitance is 25.0 pF when the separation between plates is d = 0.450 cm.A battery with potential difference V=11.1 V is connected to the plates.What is the charge density \(\sigma\) on the left plate?

A)1.1 * 10^-8 C/m²

B)2.2 * 10^-8 C/m²

C)3.3 * 10^-8 C/m²

D)4.4 * 10^-8 C/m²

E)6.3 * 10^-8 C/m²

Q2) A potential difference of V=80.0V is applied across two capacitors in series,with capacitances 17.0 nF and 8.00 nF.What is the charge on the 17.0 nF capacitor?

A)1360 nC

B)1500 nC

C)435 nC

D)2000 nC

E)640 nC

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Page 26

Chapter 25: Current and Resistance

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Q1) A ribbon of nichrome (resistivity = 1.00 * 10^-6 \(\varOmega\)·m)with a rectangular cross sectional area of (0.25 mm * 1.00 mm)and 21.9 cm in length is used as a heating element in a toaster.What is the total resistance of this ribbon?

A)0.88 \(\varOmega\)

B)1.3 \(\varOmega\)

C)1.1 \(\varOmega\)

D)1.5 \(\varOmega\)

E)1.0 \(\varOmega\)

Q2) At a critical junction in a supercomputer,the current as a function of time is given as i(t)= 3t² -2t,where i is measured in milliamps and t is measured in seconds.How much charge passes through this critical junction during the interval 0 < t < 5.00 s?

A)28.0 mC

B)65.0 mC

C)100 mC

D)150 mC

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Chapter 26: Direct Current Circuits

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Q1) A direct current power supply is connected to a circuit containing one resistor,and 1.5 A is drawn.If a second identical resistor is connected to the power supply in parallel with the first,how much current is drawn from the battery?

A)3.0 A

B)0.75 A

C)1.5 A

D)6.0 A

Q2) A 9.0000-V battery is used to produce a current through two identical resistors in series,each having a resistance of 150.00 k\(\varOmega\).A handheld digital multimeter (DMM)is used to measure the potential difference across the first resistor by placing probe leads at each end of this resistor.Typical DMMs have an internal resistance of 10 M\(\varOmega\).What is the current in the circuit with the DMM connected?

A)30.22 \(\mu\)A

B)30.00 \(\mu\)A

C)29.78 \(\mu\)A

D)30.33 \(\mu\)A

E)30.14 \(\mu\)A

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Chapter 27: Magnetism

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Q1) An electron with a speed of 6.00 * 10⁵ m/s enters a uniform magnetic field of 0.0600 T at an angle \(\theta\) to the magnetic field lines.The electron will travel in a helical path of radius 4.80 *10^-5 m.Find the angle \(\theta\).

A)25.3S1U1P1\(\circ\)S1S1P0

B)32.3S1U1P1\(\circ\)S1S1P0

C)57.6S1U1P1\(\circ\)S1S1P0

D)61.4S1U1P1\(\circ\)S1S1P0

Q2) A copper wire at the Earth's equator carries a 2340 A current.Assuming that the magnetic field of the earth of 0.5 G at the equator is parallel to the surface of the Earth and that the current flows to the east,what is the largest radius of the wire that can be levitated by the magnetic field?

A)0.50 mm

B)0.44 mm

C)0.36 mm

D)0.65 mm

E)0.73 mm

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Chapter 28: Magnetic Fields of Moving Charges

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Q1) Two long wires (mass per unit length 1.9 g/m)are suspended by threads attached from the ceiling so that they are parallel to each other and to the ceiling above.They each carry an electric current of 15A,in opposite directions.When they carry no current,the wires hang such that they are touching all along their length,and the threads are vertical and immediately adjacent to one another.If the angle between the threads is 10.0S1U1P1\(\circ\)S1S1P0,what is the length of the threads from which the wires hang?

A)0.039 m

B)0.16 m

C)0.50 m

D)2.0 m

Q2) A circular piece of wire connected to the terminals of a battery is lying on a table.The surface of the table is in the horizontal plane.As viewed from above,electrons move through the wire in the counterclockwise direction.In which direction is the magnetic field at the center of the circular wire?

A)up

B)down

C)clockwise

D)counterclockwise

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Page 30

Chapter 29: Electromagnetic Induction

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Q1) A 2.0 m long solenoid of cross sectional area 1.4 m² and n=300 turns/m carries a current of 4.0 A.What is the energy stored in the solenoid?

A)3.4 J

B)3.1 J

C)2.5 J

D)2.2 J

Q2) The external magnetic field in a loop decreases from 0.1 Tesla to zero in 2 seconds.The loop of wire has ten turns,a radius of 10 cm,with its axis 45 degrees relative to the magnetic field.How large is the induced voltage in the loop?

A)0 mV

B)11 mV

C)9.4 mV

D)32.5 mV

E)0.31 mV

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Chapter 30: Alternating Current Circuits

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Q1) A radio tuner has a capacitance of 25.0 nF,and an inductance of 3.00 mH.If the power in the circuit is 3.9 W when the signal produces an rms voltage across the antenna of 1.50 mV and it is at the resonance frequency,what is the resistance of the tuner?

A)0.723 \(\mu\)\(\varOmega\)

B)1.00 \(\mu\)\(\varOmega\)

C)2.11 \(\mu\)\(\varOmega\)

D)0.288 \(\mu\)\(\varOmega\)

E)0.577 \(\mu\)\(\varOmega\)

Q2) A RLC series circuit is comprised of a 12.0-ohm resistor,8.00-mF capacitor and a 6.00-mH inductor,all in series.What is the minimum value of the impedance of this circuit?

A)6.00 ohms

B)8.00 ohms

C)12.0 ohms

D)26.0 ohms

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Chapter 31: Electromagnetic Waves

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Q1) A parallel plate capacitor with radius 21 cm is connected in series 15-V battery.A switch is thrown which causes the capacitor to discharge through a 150-\(\varOmega\) resistor.What is the magnetic field 1.0 cm from the axis defined by the centers of the plates at this time?

A)1.0 * 10^-12 T

B)3.1 * 10^-12 T

C)2.1 * 10^-11 T

D)4.5 * 10^-9 T

E)You need to know the separation of the plates.

Q2) A radio transmission from a space probe passing by Pluto 4.6 * 10¹² m away indicates a dangerous collision likely with one of Pluto's small moons.If the probe is moving at 19.4 km/s,how far will it move from the time it sent the message to Earth about its danger to the time at which it receives the command from Earth to start firing retro rockets?

A)3.0 * 10⁸ m

B)6.0 * 10⁸ m

C)9.0 * 10⁸ m

D)None are correct.

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Chapter 32: Geometric Optics

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Q1) Convex mirrors are often used in side-view mirrors on trucks.Such mirrors often warn "Objects in mirror are closer than they appear." Assume a convex mirror has a radius of curvature of 12.0 m and that there is a car that is 14.0 m behind the mirror.Find the magnitude of the distance between the mirror and the image of the car.

A)4.2 m

B)6.5 m

C)10.5 m

D)14 m

E)16.2 m

Q2) For a concave mirror,when is the object distance equal to the image distance?

A)when the magnification is equal to zero

B)when the focal length is equal to the image distance

C)when the focal length is equal to half the object distance

D)when the focal length is zero

Q3) For a convex spherical mirror

A)the image is always virtual.

B)the radius of curvature is always negative.

C)the image is always upright.

D)All are correct.

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Page 34

Chapter 33: Lenses and Optical Instruments

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Q1) A physics student epoxies two converging lenses to the opposite ends of a 20-cm long tube.One lens has a focal length of f₁ = 4.0 cm.She wants to use this device as a microscope.If the desired magnification of this homemade microscope is 80,what focal length should the student use for the the second lens?

A)1.67 cm

B)1.42 cm

C)1.56 cm

D)2.00 cm

E)1.75 cm

Q2) An object is 50-cm from a screen.What would be the focal length of a converging lens that will form an image on the screen twice the height of the object?

A)100 cm

B)50 cm

C)33.3 cm

D)23.3 cm

E)11.1 cm

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Chapter 34: Wave Optics

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Q1) The distance between the slits in a double slit experiment is 5.00 * 10^-4

m.A beam of light with a wavelength of 488 nm is shone on the slits.What is the angular separation between the central maximum and the adjacent maximum?

A)5.00 * 10^-4 rad

B)7.26 * 10^-4 rad

C)9.76 * 10^-4 rad

D)9.94 * 10^-4 rad

Q2) A beam of light having a wavelength of 488 nm is shone on the two slits and an interference pattern is observed.The angular separation between the central maximum and the adjacent maximum is 9.94 * 10^-4 rad.What is the distance between the two slits?

A)5.00 * 10^-4 m

B)4.91 * 10^-4 m

C)4.74 * 10^-4 m

D)5.10 * 10^-4 m

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Chapter 35: Relativity

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Q1) If spaceship A is travelling at 70% the speed of light relative to an observer at rest,and spaceship B is travelling at 90% the speed of light relative to an observer at rest,which of the following have the greatest velocity as measured by an observer in spaceship B?

A)A cannon shot from A to B at 50% the speed of light as measured in A's reference frame.

B)A ball thrown from B to A at 50% the speed of light as measured in B's reference frame.

C)A particle beam shot from a stationary observer to B at 70% the speed of light as measured in stationary reference frame.

D)A beam of light shot from A to B travelling at the speed of light in A's reference frame.

E)All of the choices have the same velocity as measured in B's reference frame.

Q2) An electron at the Stanford Linear Accelerator has a kinetic energy of 20 GeV.The magnitude of the momentum of the electron is

A)5.5 * 10^-15 kg.m/s.

B)4.9 * 10^-16 kg.m/s.

C)1.1 * 10^-17 kg.m/s.

D)7.5 * 10^-18 kg.m/s.

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Chapter 36: Quantum Physics

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Q1) If a black body emits radiation at a temperature T,what would happen if it were heated to 2T?

A)The threshold wavelength would double.

B)The total energy emitted would double.

C)The spectrum shape would not change,but energy emitted would go up a factor of 16.

D)The peak wavelength would double.

E)The peak wavelength would be halved.

Q2) Which one of the following statements is true if the intensity of a light beam is increased while its frequency is kept the same?

A)The photons gain higher speeds.

B)The energy of the photons is increased.

C)The number of photons per unit time is increased.

D)The wavelength of the light is increased.

Q3) The Pauli exclusion principle applies to A)fermions only.

B)bosons only.

C)both fermions and bosons.

D)electrons only.

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Chapter 37: Quantum Mechanics

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Q1) Determine the ground state energy of a proton in a box of width 1.0 * 10^-9 m.

A)2.1 * 10^-4 eV

B)2.1 * 10^-3 eV

C)2.1 * 10^-2 eV

D)2.1 * 10^-1 eV

Q2) The wave function of a free electron is \(\Psi\)(x)= A sin (4.72 x 10¹⁰ x),where x is in m.The magnitude of the momentum of the electron is

A)5.96 * 10^-26 kg m/s.

B)4.98 * 10^-24 kg m/s.

C)2.95 * 10^-20 kg m/s.

D)1.09 * 10^-18 kg m/s.

Q3) An electron is trapped in an infinite potential well.The minimum value of its energy is 5.00 eV.What is the quantum state of the electron if its energy is 20.0 eV?

A)2

B)3

C)4

D)5

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Chapter 38: Atomic Physics

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Q1) In the Bohr hydrogen atom,how many antinodes are there in the electron standing wave with a quantum number of 6?

A)12

B)6

C)3

D)5

Q2) A hydrogen atom is in a quantum state with principal quantum number n = 9.The atom emits a photon and after emission its principal quantum number becomes 2.The wavelength of the emitted photon is

A)384 nm.

B)420 nm.

C)557 nm.

D)620 nm.

E)701 nm.

Q3) The period of rotation of electron on the second Bohr orbit is

A)0.608 fs.

B)1.22 fs.

C)3.67 fs.

D)4.53 fs.

E)5.34 fs.

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Chapter 39: Elementary Particle Physics

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Q1) Suppose a neutral rho meson (rest mass 770 MeV/c²)decays at rest into two oppositely charged pions (rest mass 139.5 MeV/c²).What is the momentum of each pion?

A)305 MeV/c

B)196 MeV/c

C)359 MeV/c

D)402 MeV/c

Q2) An electron-positron pair traveling towards each other with a speed of v with respect to their center of mass,collide and annihilate according to e^- + e⁺ \(\rarr\) \(\gamma\) + \(\gamma\).An observer at rest with respect to the center of mass of the electron-positron pair,detects two photons each of wavelength 380 fm.What was the speed,v prior to the collision?

A)0.976 c

B)0.923 c

C)0.950 c

D)0.995 c

E)0.988 c

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Chapter 40: Nuclear Physics

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Q1) Which of the following is true about strong force?

A)is only attractive

B)does not act on electrons

C)only acts over a few fm

D)All are correct.

Q2) A Geiger counter placed next to a radioactive sample produces 200 counts per minute.One hour later,the Geiger counter reads 180 counts per minute.What is the half-life of the radioactive sample?

A)1.1 hours

B)6.6 hours

C)9.0 hours

D)9.5 hours

E)10 hours

Q3) Assuming that 200 MeV of energy is released per fission,calculate the total energy released in the fission of 1 g of ²³⁵U.

A)2.28 * 10⁴ kW h.

B)4.98 * 10⁴ kW h.

C)2.28 * 10⁵ kW h.

D)1.49 * 10⁶ kW h.

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Page 42