Introduction to World Civilizations
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
Introduction to World Civilizations explores the development, interaction, and transformation of societies across the globe from ancient times to the present. Students will examine key cultural, political, economic, and technological milestones that shaped the worlds major civilizations, including those of Africa, Asia, the Americas, Europe, and the Middle East. Through comparative analysis and discussion of primary sources, the course encourages a deeper understanding of the forces and events that have influenced human history, fostered global connections, and contributed to the diversity of todays world.
Recommended Textbook
Traditions and Encounters A Global Perspective on the Past 6th Edition Volume I and Volume II by
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Chapter 1: Before History
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jericho is a site of cave paintings in Spain.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Homo sapiens had appeared in almost all the habitable regions of the world by around ________ years ago.
A) 250,000
B) 100,000
C) 50,000
D) 15,000
E) 5,000
Answer: D
Q3) The most important development of Homo erectus was
A) fire.
B) stone tools.
C) walking upright on two legs.
D) their communication skills.
E) writing.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Early Societies in Southwest Asia and the
Indo-European Migrations
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Q1) Which of the following languages is NOT of Indo-European origin?
A) Egyptian
B) Farsi
C) Hindi
D) Greek
E) Italic
Answer: A
Q2) Mesopotamia developed into a
A) strict patriarchal society.
B) society where the sexes enjoyed relative equality.
C) predominantly matriarchal society.
D) society with few social distinctions.
E) society dominated by a growing mercantile middle class.
Answer: A
Q3) Gilgamesh is the hero of the oldest known epic.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations
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Q1) The New Kingdom was a powerful Egyptian state created after the Hyksos were pushed out of power.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The most vigorous of all New Kingdom pharaohs was ________,who led his troops into Palestine and Syria and who even received tribute from the Mesopotamian city-states.
A) Ahmose I
B) Menes
C) Sargon of Akkad
D) Tuthmosis III
E) Hatshepsut
Answer: D
Q3) The Egyptians supplemented their pictographs with symbols representing sounds and ideas; they were called hieroglyphs by the Greeks.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Early Societies in South Asia
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Q1) Varuna was the chief god of the Aryans,associated with rain and war.
A)True
B)False
Q2) How are the Upanishads different from the Vedas? What might these differences tell us about the evolution of Indian religious thought?
Q3) A jati is
A) a subcaste.
B) a serf in the caste system.
C) a transmigration of the soul.
D) a priest in the caste system.
E) an untouchable.
Q4) Which statement about Harappan society is FALSE?
A) Most of their houses featured private showers and toilets.
B) They traded with the Mesopotamians.
C) They had social distinctions.
D) Their writings have provided a wealth of information for historians.
E) They produced representational art.
Q5) Look at the carving of a mother and child on page 84.What can the carving tell us about the status of women in ancient India? How does the Lawbook of Manu relate to the carving?
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Early Society in Mainland East Asia
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Q1) Examine the section from the Book of Songs regarding peasants (see Textbook: Sources from the Past: Peasants' Protest).In what ways does this poetry serve as social criticism? How unusual would such criticism be in the ancient world?
Q2) What is the relationship between patriarchy and ancestor worship in early China?
Q3) Writing during the Shang period was made up of around A) twenty-two letters.
B) fifty letters.
C) five hundred characters.
D) two thousand characters.
E) six thousand characters,including an alphabetic component.
Q4) Examine the role that changing technology played in the Shang and Zhou dynasties.
Q5) The "mandate of heaven" was the Chinese ideal that expressed the right to govern.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Banpo is a neolithic village from the Yangshao culture period.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Early Societies in the Americas and Oceania
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Q1) The most flexible and sophisticated system of writing found in the ancient Americas was created by the A) Olmecs.
B) Maya.
C) Teotihuacan society.
D) Chavín cult.
E) Incas.
Q2) Look at the picture of Teotihuacan on page 120.How populous and powerful was this city? Discuss the importance of the Pyramid of the Sun.
Q3) The Chavín cult
A) was the Teotihuacan worship of an earth god and rain god.
B) was the primary Olmec religion.
C) represented deities with the features of humans and wild animals.
D) was practiced in the Maya Temple of the Giant Jaguar.
E) is the best known religion of the Americas.
Q4) Compare and contrast the political,social,and religious diversity of Mesoamerica and South America.How did government,social structure,and religion differ from region to region?
Q5) Describe the origins,development,and decline of the Lapita society.
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Chapter 7: The Empires of Persia
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Q1) Compare the ruling techniques of the Persians,especially those of Cyrus and Darius,to other societies you have studied so far.
Q2) Discuss the passage from Zarathustra (see Textbook: Sources from the Past: Zarathustra on Good and Evil).Examine the nature of Ahura Mazda and Angra Mainyu.In Zoroastrian thought,what is the relationship between human beings and the gods? Does this critical role of human beings indicate that Zoroastrianism was really a dualistic belief?
Q3) Examine the role of trade and agriculture in explaining the success of the Persian empires.Why was the Royal Road so important?
Q4) Compare Zoroastrianism to any of the other religious concepts you've seen so far.How was Zarathustra's philosophy different,and in what ways was it influential?
Q5) How did Cyrus manage to expand the Persian holdings so dramatically during his lifetime?
Q6) The Achaemenid empire was founded by Cyrus.
A)True
B)False
Q7) In what ways did Darius,and his successors,promote communication and commerce throughout the empire?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: The Unification of China
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Q1) Sima Qian was
A) the founder of the Qin dynasty.
B) the leading Legalist scholar.
C) a great Chinese historian.
D) the Chinese rebel who seized control during the Han dynasty.
E) the Chinese heaven.
Q2) Mencius was the post-Confucian scholar who believed that human nature was basically good.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Wang Mang
A) was primarily known for his adherence to Legalist doctrines.
B) was famous for creating a new and lasting dynasty.
C) stood as the greatest single military threat during the Later Han period.
D) was a Daoist term referring to disengagement from the world.
E) carried out reforms so revolutionary that he is known as the "socialist emperor."
Q4) How did the early Han contribute to the unification of China?
Q5) How does Daoism contrast with Confucianism?
Q6) What was the role of the family in classical China?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: State, Society, and the Quest for Salvation in India
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Q1) The Jainist principle of nonviolence to other living things is ahimsa.
A)True
B)False
Q2) During the time of the Aryans,the Indian political landscape was characterized by
A) a series of small kingdoms.
B) efficient centralized government.
C) constant bloody civil war.
D) two equally matched rival states.
E) a turbulent but profitable union with China.
Q3) Hindu ethical teachings held out the promise of salvation precisely to those who
A) rejected the caste structure and sought to improve their lives.
B) participated in the world and observed their caste duties.
C) gave to the poorest members of society.
D) removed themselves from the world and material concerns.
E) committed themselves to extreme nonviolence and aestheticism.
Q4) How did early Buddhism evolve into Mahayana Buddhism? How did that help spread the religion?
Q5) Examine the picture of the Buddha on page 185.Why would the Buddha be portrayed in this manner? Why would the representation be so stylized?
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Chapter 10: Mediterranean Society: The Greek Phase
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Q1) Hellenistic philosophers who identified pleasure as the highest good were Stoics.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following words was used by the Greeks to refer to generals or politicians who,although often popular,gained power by irregular means?
A) tyrant
B) polis
C) archon
D) emperor
E) hellas
Q3) Examine the ships in the illustration on page 201.Why would Greeks decorate their pottery with pictures of ships? Did ships represent a part of the Greek spirit? What role did sailing play in the Greek world?
Q4) Socrates suggested that,"The unexamined life is not worth living." How does this statement run throughout all Greek thought?
Q5) Examine the relationship between the Greeks and the Persians.How influential were the Persian Wars on later Greek history?
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Chapter 11: Mediterranean Society: The Roman Phase
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Q1) Examine the social history of ancient Rome.What do the experiences of the Gracchi brothers,as well as that of Marius and Sulla,say about the social tensions in Rome? What caused these problems?
Q2) Examine the picture of the mithraeum on page 232.What can its location,under the church of San Clemente,tell you about the changing religious world of the Romans? Does this picture have any symbolic meaning?
Q3) Tribune Tiberius Gracchus called for land reform.This led to his assassination.
A)True
B)False
Q4) How did the Romans promote trade throughout the empire?
Q5) How did Jesus' message threaten the Roman administration? What was the response?
Q6) Gaius Marius
A) created an army of common men who were loyal only to him and marched on Rome.
B) had the support of the patrician class.
C) posted a list of enemies who were to be killed on sight.
D) was the chief Roman proponent of Stoicism.
E) was the greatest writer in Rome before the time of Virgil.
Q7) What was the significance of the Punic Wars to the later development of Rome?
Q8) What was the status of women during the empire?
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Chapter 12: Cross-Cultural Exchanges on the Silk Roads: During the Late Classical Era
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Q1) The land route of the main silk road ran from the Han capital of ________ to the Mediterranean port of ________.
A) Chang'an; Rome
B) Beijing; Tyre
C) Nanjing; Alexandria
D) Chang'an; Antioch
E) Dunhuang; Antioch
Q2) Discuss the spread of epidemic diseases along the trade routes.Examine the consequences of these diseases in the Han and Roman empires.
Q3) The most important port on the Red Sea,constructed by the Ptolemies,was
A) Alexandria.
B) Meroë.
C) Berenice.
D) Thebes.
E) Tyre.
Q4) What were the long-term effects of the spread of disease along the silk roads?
Q5) What are the main advantages and disadvantages of trade? How did trade along the silk roads influence the societies that engaged in trade?
Q6) How did Buddhism become the most popular faith in all of east Asia?
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Chapter 13: The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia
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Q1) One of the more popular schools of Buddhism in China was
A) Xuanzang Buddhism.
B) Tang Buddhism.
C) Hinayana Buddhism.
D) Theravada Buddhism.
E) Chan Buddhism.
Q2) Compare the effects of Chinese imperial expansion and cultural influence on Japan and Korea.Which land adopted Chinese ways more thoroughly,and why?
Q3) In regard to their relationship with China,the Viet people
A) revolted against the Tang and won their independence.
B) were not influenced by Chinese thought.
C) gladly accepted the tributary status in order to gain access to Chinese markets.
D) copied Confucianism but never converted to Buddhism.
E) ruled China for over two centuries.
Q4) Compare the spread of Buddhism into China to the spread of Christianity and Islam discussed in earlier chapters.What are the common themes?
Q5) What agricultural developments helped to transform the Chinese economy?
Q6) What is the significance of foot binding?
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Chapter 14: The Expansive Realm of Islam
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Q1) The passage from the Quran (see Textbook: Sources from the Past: The Quran on Allah and His Expectations of Humankind)describes Allah and says,"He has begotten no one and is begotten of none." What does this phrase mean? How does it relate to the Islamic interpretation of the nature of Jesus?
Q2) Examine the role Muhammad played in the rise of Islam.What was his basic philosophy? How did his life experiences shape this thought?
Q3) What is the significance of the hajj to Islamic religion and culture?
Q4) How was the Islamic world influenced by its contact with the older Greek,Persian,and Indian societies? How did Islam influence these societies?
Q5) In an effort to recruit learned students,Islamic leaders often financially supported institutions of higher learning called A) madrasas. B) sufis.
C) dar al-Islam. D) umma. E) qadis.
Q6) What people and institutions helped to promote and spread the values of Islam?
Q7) How did Persia,India,and Greece influence the realm of Islam?
Page 16
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Chapter 15: India and the Indian Ocean Basin
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Q1) Which of the following states was most heavily influenced by Islam?
A) Vijayanagar
B) Melaka
C) Angkor
D) Srivijaya
E) Funan
Q2) Examine the development of Hinduism in response to the spread of Islam.What other religions have gone through periods of transition in response to outside threats?
Q3) The kingdoms of southern India were mainly
A) Islamic.
B) Buddhist.
C) Hindu.
D) Sikh.
E) Jain.
Q4) Examine the small Hindu kingdoms of southern India that arose after the collapse of the Guptas.How did these states resist the spread of Islam? How successful were they in their other endeavors?
Q5) Discuss the changes in the social world of postclassical India.How do changes in the caste system reflect this process?
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Chapter 16: The Two Worlds of Christendom
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Q1) Examine the role that trade played in the Byzantine empire.How did the economic world of Byzantium change over the years?
Q2) In what ways did Byzantium carry on the legacy of Rome? What was Justinian's dream? In what ways was Byzantium different from Rome?
Q3) The theme system
A) weakened the peasantry by taking their land away.
B) made land available to the peasants in return for military service.
C) led to the break between the Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox churches.
D) limited the religious authority of the Byzantine emperors.
E) was the foundation of the Byzantine educational structure.
Q4) On Christmas Day 800,Charlemagne received the imperial crown from A) himself.
B) Pope Leo III.
C) Pope Gregory I.
D) Byzantine emperor Justinian IV.
E) Pippin.
Q5) Examine the split between the Roman Catholic church and Greek Orthodox church.What led to this fundamental split? How did this split influence later history?
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Chapter 17: Nomadic Empires and Eurasian Integration
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Q1) Chinggis Khan was the unifier of the Mongols.His given name was Temüjin and he was born in 1167.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The Ghaznavid Turkish leader who raided and plundered India in the eleventh century was
A) Osman.
B) Chinggis Khan.
C) Hülegü.
D) Mahmud.
E) Tamerlane.
Q3) Examine the life of the Turkish nomadic tribes.How did they adjust to their environments? How did the environment limit their development? How did the environment and their nomadic lifestyle influence their intellectual world?
Q4) The most important institution of the Mongol state was the clan,which magnified the power of the small population.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What influence did the Mongols have on Eurasian trade and cultural integration?
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Chapter 18: States and Societies of Sub-Saharan Africa
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Q1) The legendary Mali king,Sundiata,built his capital at A) Jenne.
B) Niani.
C) Kongo.
D) Ghana.
E) Alexandria.
Q2) Just as the kingdoms of west Africa were linked to the wider world by trans-Saharan trade,the kingdoms of east Africa were linked mainly by A) Egyptian trade.
B) Indian Ocean trade.
C) trans-Atlantic trade.
D) south African trade.
E) Persian Gulf trade.
Q3) Examine religion in sub-Saharan Africa.What religions and religious concepts dominated? How did trans-Saharan trade affect African religions?
Q4) In what ways was Kilwa a good example of a Swahili city-state?
Q5) Examine the terra-cotta head on page 385.What can you learn from art as a historical source? What does this figure tell you about the political history of Ife?
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Chapter 19: The Increasing Influence of Europe
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Q1) Hugh Capet was crowned King of France in 987
A) and immediately turned France into a powerful,centralized state. B) and was immediately excommunicated by Pope Gregory VII. C) and was eventually overthrown by the Holy Roman emperor. D) but it took centuries for the French kings to build a powerful,centralized state. E) and immediately launched an unsuccessful invasion of Spain.
Q2) Discuss the social transformation of Europe during the high middle ages.What were the three estates? How did growing urbanization and increased trade influence this social system?
Q3) The evolution of the university coincided with the rediscovery of the works of Aristotle.
A)True
B)False
Q4) By the year 1300,the population of Europe had risen to around
A) 24 million.
B) 47 million.
C) 79 million.
D) 92 million.
E) 152 million.
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Chapter 20: Worlds Apart: The Americas and Oceania
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Q1) With seasonal migrations,encounters with other people,and trade,the aboriginal people of Australia diffused their cultural traditions throughout the Pacific islands.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The kingdom of Chucuito was located in
A) southwest North America.
B) northeast North America.
C) Mesoamerica.
D) Oceania.
E) South America.
Q3) Which of the societies of North America had developed settled agriculture by the fifteenth century? What kind of agriculture was typical?
Q4) What could the emphasis on human sacrifice tell you about the Aztec state and religion? In what ways was it a continuation of traditional Mesoamerican practices? In what ways was it not? Is the Aztec emphasis on human sacrifice similar to any other societies studied so far?
Q5) Compare the social,political,and religious worlds of the Americas and Oceania.In what ways were they similar? In what ways were they different?
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Chapter 21: Expanding Horizons of Cross-Cultural
Interaction
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Q1) Cotton was introduced to west Africa by the A) Europeans.
B) Muslims.
C) Chinese.
D) Bantus.
E) Mongols.
Q2) The most notable of the humanistic thinkers,who published the first edition of the Greek New Testament,was
A) Erasmus.
B) Petrarca.
C) Donatello.
D) Masaccio.
E) Paul III.
Q3) Give some specific examples of agricultural and technological diffusion along the trade routes.
Q4) What role did disease play in China and Europe in the fourteenth century? How were these societies influenced by the outbreak of disease? How did they recover? Compare the spread of the bubonic plague to other times when disease played an important role in history.
Q5) What were the social and economic outcomes of the plague?
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Chapter 22: Transoceanic Encounters and Global
Connections
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Q1) The center of Spanish commercial activity in Asia was
A) Manila.
B) Batavia.
C) Bombay.
D) Melaka.
E) Hawai`i.
Q2) The VOC was the
A) English East India Company.
B) indirect trade route that Portuguese mariners used to take advantage of wind patterns.
C) Portuguese missionary organization that spread Christianity along the trade routes.
D) United East India Company.
E) European multinational organization,Victory Over China,that focused on Asian expansion.
Q3) What factors led to the Seven Years' War in the eighteenth century? What was the outcome,globally,of that conflict?
Q4) Examine the early Portuguese exploration and dominance in trade.What made this dominance possible? Why didn't their early advantage last?
Page 24
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Chapter 23: The Transformation of Europe
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Q1) Describe the putting-out system.Why did manufacturers begin to seek out rural labor for the production of goods? What societal effects did this have?
Q2) The Council of Trent
A) rooted out the Arian heresy.
B) successfully reached a compromise in the early Protestant movement between Luther and Calvin.
C) played a key role in Henry VIII's break with the Catholic church.
D) took steps to reform the Catholic church.
E) launched the witch-hunts of the sixteenth century.
Q3) What factors encouraged the evolution of a constitutional government in England and the Netherlands?
Q4) The Society of Jesus-the Jesuits-received instruction in theology,philosophy,and the classics,and became effective missionaries.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Three great minds collaborated to shatter the ancient Ptolemaic view of the universe.Note the contributions of Copernicus,Kepler,and Galileo.Who do you think made the most significant contribution? Who took the greatest risk?
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Chapter 24: New Worlds: The Americas and Oceania
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT true of the native Americans that the English and French came into contact with?
A) The native societies of North America did not have large,centralized states like the Aztecs and Incas.
B) The native Americans did not live in densely populated areas.
C) The native Americans practiced agriculture,but moved frequently in pursuit of game.
D) The native Americans lived in dozens of distinct societies.
E) The native Americans guarded their claims to private ownership of land even more jealously than the Europeans.
Q2) While the Spanish American empire concentrated on the extraction of silver,the Portuguese empire in Brazil depended on the production and export of sugar.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Examine the social transformation of Mesoamerica and South America.How complete was this transformation? How much of native traditions remained?
Q4) What became of the Taíno people of the Caribbean?
Q5) What was distinctive about the European exploration and settlement of Australia?
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Chapter 25: Africa and the Atlantic World
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Q1) Describe both native African resistance to the slave trade and the forms of resistance among African slaves in the Americas.How much success did these efforts have?
Q2) In 1505 a massive Portuguese naval expedition subdued all the Swahili cities from Sofala to Mombasa.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When the Dutch founded Cape Town they encountered which of these indigenous groups?
A) Kongolese
B) Khoikhoi
C) Ndongo
D) Zimbabwe
E) Fulani
Q4) Examine the picture of Queen Nzinga on page 566.How does her struggle with the Portuguese represent the African response to the Europeans? Was she a typical woman of the age? What role did Dona Beatriz play in the religious world of Africa?
Q5) Relate the American concept of "life,liberty,and the pursuit of happiness" to slavery.How did these two concepts coexist?
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Chapter 26: Tradition and Change in East Asia
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Q1) The phrase "Son of Heaven" refers to the
A) near godlike status that the Jesuit Matteo Ricci reached in China.
B) explanation for the incredible appeal of Christianity in Japan.
C) Chinese emperor's role in maintaining order on the earth.
D) belief that the Japanese emperors were direct descendents of the sun goddess Amaterasu.
E) syncretic Christian-Buddhist religion.
Q2) Confucian tradition ranked three broad classes of commoners below the gentry: peasants,artisans,and merchants.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Examine the rise of the Qing dynasty.How did the Manchus view Chinese society and culture? In what ways were the Manchus influenced by Chinese traditions?
Q4) The Manchus called their dynasty Qing,which meant A) "northern conqueror."
B) "brilliant."
C) "floating world."
D) "pure."
E) "the chosen."
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Chapter 27: The Islamic Empires
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Q1) Constantinople was captured by Mehmed II in 1453 and became the Ottoman capital,subsequently known as Istanbul.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The jizya was the tax paid by
A) Muslims to Hindus as a means of fostering better relations between the two faiths.
B) European merchants for access to trade through the Indian Ocean.
C) Chinese merchants as a sort of bribe to allow them access to Indian markets.
D) non-Muslims as the price for retaining their religion in an Islamic country.
E) the Safavids to the Ottomans after their disastrous defeat at Chaldiran.
Q3) Examine the foundations of the Safavid empire.What made it unique? What role did Shah Ismail play in the rise of the empire? What were the religious implications and influence of the Safavids?
Q4) The most famous of the Mughal monuments,and one of the most prominent of all Islamic edifices,was the Süleymaniye mosque.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What factors led to the economic and military decline of the Islamic empires?
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Chapter 28: Revolutions and National States in the Atlantic World
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Q1) Examine the rise of nationalism in nineteenth-century Europe.Was there a transformation of nationalist thought? How would Europe be changed by the evolution of a more xenophobic nationalism?
Q2) Napoleon Bonaparte was a brilliant military leader who became a general at age twenty-four.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Why did the French revolution turn against itself when the American revolution didn't? In what ways was the French revolution more radical than its American predecessor? How radical did the French revolution become? Could it be argued that the American revolution did turn against its roots? Were there limits to the social and political change in the American revolution?
Q4) Compare and contrast the philosophies of Metternich and Bismarck.What ideals drove them? Why would Metternich view nationalism as such a threat?
Q5) In what specific ways did the ideals of the Enlightenment challenge long-held assumptions about government and social order?
Q6) Compare the unification of Italy with the unification of Germany.
Page 30
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Chapter 29: The Making of Industrial Society
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Q1) Over the long haul,trade unions
A) reduced the likelihood of a revolution by improving the lives of working people.
B) dramatically increased the chances for a revolution through their ties to Marxian socialists.
C) were completely unsuccessful in improving the conditions of the working class.
D) stood out as the most radical critics of industrial society. E) fell under communist control.
Q2) The most crucial technological breakthrough of the early industrial era was the development of a general-purpose steam engine in 1765 by James Watt.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The most prominent of the nineteenth-century socialists were the German theorists Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.They argued that human history has been a struggle between social classes,and that the future lay with the working class because capitalism would grind to a halt.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 30: The Americas in the Age of Independence
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Q1) How did the caudillos rise to power in Latin America? Who benefited most from their rule?
Q2) Examine the economic development of the Americas in the nineteenth century.Were there any similarities in the different approaches? Why did some areas end up wealthier than others? Which of the areas would be in the best shape to compete in the twentieth century?
Q3) Examine the changing role of women in the Americas in the nineteenth century.What advancements were made? How did the status of women vary among Canada,the United States,and Latin America?
Q4) Summarize the steps by which Canada became politically united and independent of Britain.How was the government of the Dominion of Canada like and unlike that of the United States?
Q5) Compare nineteenth-century migration patterns of North America and Latin America.Where did migrants come from in each case? What opportunities did they find in each region?
Q6) What have been the central ethnic conflicts in Canadian history?
Q7) Discuss the role that migration played in the expansion of the United States.Why did migrants come to the United States? What awaited them? What were the benefits and difficulties of migration?
Page 32
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Chapter 31: Societies at Crossroads
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Q1) In 1899 the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists,known as Boxers,organized to rid China of "foreign devils" and their influences.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What was Count Witte's program for the industrialization of Russia? What were the results?
Q3) Which of the following was NOT a rebellion that threatened China in the nineteenth century?
A) Taiping
B) Tungan
C) Mongol
D) Muslim
E) Nian
Q4) Sultan Abdül Hamid II
A) poured money into a ship-building race with the British.
B) ruled despotically but also followed Tanzimat principles.
C) was forcibly placed in power by the Young Turk Party.
D) carefully nurtured the development of the Turkish parliament.
E) won the last great Ottoman Turkish military victory by recapturing Greece.
Q5) Compare the reforms of the Tanzimat era with the program of the Young Turks.
Page 33
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Chapter 32: The Building of Global Empires
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Q1) The Boers were
A) east African coastal merchants.
B) Indians who served as soldiers for the British.
C) Malaysian tribal chieftains who allied with the Dutch.
D) Australian aborigines.
E) Dutch settlers in the southern tip of Africa.
Q2) Which Asian and African states managed to maintain their sovereignty in the nineteenth century? Why these states?
Q3) The Monroe Doctrine
A) ensured that neither the Europeans nor the Americans would ever interfere in western hemispheric affairs.
B) opened Japan to U.S. trade.
C) gave the British an inroad into New Zealand.
D) worked as a justification for U.S. intervention in western hemispheric affairs.
E) handed the Philippines over to the United States.
Q4) What were the principal "tools of empire"-the various technologies that gave the Europeans such an advantage?
Q5) Compare the British conquest of south Africa with that of Egypt and Sudan.
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Chapter
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Q1) In the wake of World War I,Mustafa Kemal became president of A) Russia.
B) Egypt.
C) Persia.
D) Syria.
E) Turkey.
Q2) The most significant economic loss to Europe following the Great War was the loss of overseas investments and foreign markets.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The first total war in world history was
A) the Crimean War.
B) the American Civil War.
C) World War II.
D) the Franco-Prussian War.
E) World War I.
Q4) How did the mandate system work in the Middle East? Who profited most from this system?
Q5) How did the war transform civilian life? Consider especially the enlarged role of the government.
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Chapter 34: An Age of Anxiety
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Q1) What role did innovations in physics and psychology play in the questioning of traditional knowledge and society? Were there criticisms of science?
Q2) How did Lenin and the Bolsheviks secure their power in Russia? How did Stalin secure his power within the party and within the Soviet Union?
Q3) Discuss Werner Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.How did this scientific theory capture the spirit of an entire age? Can you think of similar scientific discoveries or theories that had a similar effect? How did art reflect the intellectual transformation of the early twentieth century? What did the phrase "to abolish the sovereignty of appearance" mean?
Q4) By 1929,the price of a bushel of wheat was
A) unnaturally and dangerously high.
B) at its highest point in two hundred years.
C) the same as today.
D) at its lowest level in four hundred years.
E) the same price it had been a hundred years earlier.
Q5) Examine the rise to power of Adolf Hitler.What were his main ideas and goals? How did he transform Germany?
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Chapter 35: Nationalism and Political Identities in Asia, Africa, and Latin America
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Q1) Which of the following refers to "land of the pure"?
A) India
B) Soviet Union
C) Korea
D) Pakistan
E) Manchuria
Q2) Look at the picture of Jiang Jieshi and Mao Zedong on page 839.What were their main philosophies? What was their relationship to Sun Yatsen? How did they influence Chinese history?
Q3) Two warring factions emerged in China between the wars: the Nationalists and the Communists.What values and interests did each represent? What advantages did each have?
Q4) During the twenty-five years he spent in South Africa,Gandhi embraced a moral philosophy of tolerance and nonviolence,and developed the technique of passive resistance.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Compare and contrast Indian and Chinese nationalism.In what ways did they differ? What were the main threats to each? Which would be more successful?
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Chapter 36: New Conflagrations: World War II and the Cold War
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Q1) The U.S.victory in the Pacific that turned the tide against the Japanese was A) Pearl Harbor.
B) Guam.
C) Midway.
D) Iwo Jima.
E) Okinawa.
Q2) In the Battle of Britain,the Germans hoped to defeat the English
A) through a massive naval invasion of Scotland.
B) through their secret alliance with the Irish.
C) almost solely through air attacks led by the Luftwaffe.
D) through simultaneous attacks launched from Norway and France.
E) using their vast advantage in submarine warfare.
Q3) An active policy of de-Stalinization was begun in 1956 by
A) Dwight Eisenhower.
B) Harry Truman.
C) Marshall Tito.
D) Mikhail Gorbachev.
E) Nikita Khrushchev.
Q4) Why didn't Britain and France object when Hitler and Mussolini violated the peace treaty? What were the consequences of their policy of appeasement?
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Chapter 37: The End of Empire
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Q1) What are the goals and concerns of the modern Islamist movement? What specific policies and actions have emerged from this movement?
Q2) In April 1994,South Africa elected ANC candidate Nelson Mandela as the first black president.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Gandhi and Nehru supported the concept of communalism and,therefore,the partition of India and Pakistan.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What was the significance of the Iran-Iraq War? Was it influenced in any way by legacies of the cold war? Discuss the implications of the Gulf War.
Q5) The power of Islam as a means of staving off secular foreign influences was demonstrated by the revolution that took place in Iran in 1979.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What was Gamal Abdel Nasser's vision for the Arab world? What was his view of the cold war?
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Chapter 38: A World Without Borders
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Q1) President Ronald Reagan's cold war rhetoric and budgets challenged détente and the Soviet ability to match U.S.spending,but internal changes in the communist world worked most effectively to bring an end to the communist system and the cold war.
A)True
B)False
Q2) How have rural populations in the developing world dealt with the increasing trend of urbanization? How has this affected migration patterns?
Q3) The area(s)of the world where child labor is most prominent is/are A) Africa.
B) south Asia.
C) southeast Asia.
D) the Middle East.
E) south and southeast Asia.
Q4) Examine concepts such as Americanization and McDonaldization.How influential is the United States in the world today? Why are some countries frightened by this influence?
Q5) What roles have international organizations such as the United Nations played in today's world? How will they continue to shape the future?
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