Introduction to Qualitative Research Practice Exam
Course Introduction
Introduction to Qualitative Research offers students a comprehensive overview of the principles, methodologies, and applications of qualitative research within various academic fields. This course explores key concepts such as data collection through interviews, observations, and document analysis, as well as approaches to data coding, interpretation, and ethical considerations. Students will learn how to design qualitative research projects, analyze complex social phenomena, and present findings effectively. Emphasis is placed on critical thinking, reflexivity, and the development of rigorous research questions, equipping students with foundational skills to conduct and evaluate qualitative research in diverse contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences 8th Edition by Bruce L. Berg
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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Q1) Triangulation can be used to describe the use of multiple methods of data collection to measure a single subject. What is it called when multiple data-collection methods, multiple theories, multiple researchers, multiple methodologies, or a combination of these four categories are involved in research activities?
A) Multiple operationalism
B) Convergent validations
C) Lines of action
D) Triangles of error
Answer: C
Q2) A researcher uses empirical data collection techniques to provider reliable and verifiable data in large aggregates through statistical testing. What methodology is this researcher using?
A) Quantitative research
B) Triangulation
C) Chicago School symbolic interactionism
D) Iowa School symbolic interactionism
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Designing Qualitative Research
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Q1) How would you go about creating a concept map?
Answer: There are several parts to a concept map: nodes, connecting lines, and labels that identify the nodes. A concept map cannot be created in one sitting. Prior to creating the concept map, you must read documents on your proposed subject, and pick ten to twelve concepts or ideas that you will map. The first step to creating the map is to list out the concepts all on one page (digitally or written out). Next you should rearrange the concepts you have listed in order from most abstract to most specific. Then group concepts into columns or stacks of concepts and assign one label or concept name to each grouping. Move the concept columns into clusters (these will be the nodes) with space in between to draw connective lines. Then review the literature and assign appropriate descriptions to the clusters you have created. Add additional pictures and descriptions to the concept clusters that further illuminate their meaning. By this point the relationship between the clusters should be visibly apparent. Finally, show your concept map to others and continue to refine it as you learn more and obtain more opinions.
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Chapter 3: Ethical Issues
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Q1) How might a researcher go about obtaining active or passive consent for studies conducted on the Internet?
Answer: When using an e-mail survey, the researcher can obtain active consent by including a statement to be checked off that indicates the subject has read the terms and conditions for the study. In the case of Web surveys in which a participant can be invited to a Web site to complete the survey, the researcher can provide a description of the study. The act of the subject going to the site and completing the survey can serve as passive consent. When electronic interviews are conducted using private chat rooms and an interview is conducted in real time, a researcher can send informed consent documents to the participant's e-mail address or the agreement to take part in the interview can be obtained at the beginning of the interview.
Q2) The doctrine that was the basis for the Declaration of Helsinki and the Ethical Guidelines for Clinical Investigation is the _______.
A) Nuremberg Code
B) National Research Act
C) Buckley Amendment
D) Privacy Acts of 1974
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: A Dramaturgical Look at Interviewing
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Q1) When an interviewer has a set list of questions but is expected to digress and probe for greater detail with additional questions, this is a(n) ______ structure.
A) semistandardized interview
B) standardized interview
C) creative interview
D) unstandardized interview
Q2) A question that is too long and makes the interviewee unable to respond to the question in its entirety easily and simply is a(n) ______________.
A) double-barreled question
B) overly complex question
C) affectively worded question
D) overly simplified question
Q3) Explain how a researcher can navigate a subject's evasion tactics during an interview.
Q4) What are some of the advantages and disadvantages to conducting interviews over the Internet and email using asynchronous methods?
Q5) How is the language of theatre applied to dramaturgical interviewing?
Q6) Explain how to prepare a quality telephone interview.
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Chapter 5: Focus Group Interviewing
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Q1) When the research begins with a research question and primary data collection is used to answer the question, this is called __________.
A) secondary research
B) applied research
C) pure research
D) participant observation
Q2) A phenomenon that allows a larger number of ideas, issues, and solutions to a problem to be generated through group discussion than through individual conversations is one reason that focus groups are so compelling. What is this called?
A) collective brainstorm
B) moderation
C) synergistic group effect
D) group think
Q3) The ideal length for a single focus group session is ________.
A) 0-30 minutes
B) 30-60 minutes
C) 60-90 minutes
D) 90-120 minutes
Q4) What are some disadvantages of focus group interviewing?
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Chapter 6: Ethnographic Field Strategies
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Q1) The understanding of a social environment from an outsider position is called __________. This is the perspective created in the researcher's analysis, products of interpretations of meaning, theoretical and analytic explanations, and understandings of symbols as mediated through the researcher.
A) thick description
B) subjective soaking
C) emic view
D) etic view
Q2) Why is reflectivity important to ethnography?
Q3) There are six ways that a researcher can strive for invisibility, or to see what's going on without being observed and hence, capture the essence of a situation. Describe how each method works.
Q4) Conducting a study and analysis of some local or indigenous people's viewpoints, beliefs, and practices about nursing care behavior and processes as mediated by cultures is called ______.
A) new ethnography
B) macroethnography
C) microethnography
D) ethnonursing research
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Chapter 7: Action Research
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Q1) What are the three modes of action research, and identify the key characteristics of each.
Q2) A discipline that is NOT representative of a common application of action research is _____________.
A) individual entrepreneurs
B) schools
C) hospitals
D) justice agencies
Q3) A technique a researcher can utilize for informing stakeholders of information gathered that involves institutional or departmental meetings that provide personnel with opportunities to discuss common interests or agendas is called ___________.
A) agency
B) community group meetings
C) informal meetings
D) in-group forums
Q4) Explain the three phases of photovoice, and what each involves.
Q5) Create an example of a research question and population to which the principles of action research are applicable. Provide justification for your research design.
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Chapter 8: Unobtrusive Measures in Research
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Q1) Explain what research technique researchers should use to corroborate unobtrusive data sources (especially physical trace sources), and why.
Q2) The physical items left behind humans are called traces. The category of traces that are indicators that build up or accumulate over time are measures of _______________.
A) official documentary records
B) accretion
C) physical erosion
D) archival strategies
Q3) Examining graffiti in a neighborhood to create a typology of symbolic messages in various graffiti renderings is an example of _________________.
A) official documentary records
B) accretion
C) physical erosion
D) archival strategies
Q4) Define commercial media accounts, and give an example of how they can be used as an unobtrusive data source.
Q5) Define unobtrusive research, and explain how it works.
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Chapter 9: Social Historical Research and Oral Traditions
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Q1) Which term is synonymous with the word past, and refers conceptually to facts and events of long ago?
A) Nostalgia
B) Historical research
C) Historiography
D) History
Q2) Create a list of several questions of your own, or from the text that are examples of things a researcher should ask when determining if a source is valid. Provide a way that the researcher could answer that question.
Q3) Which type of source is a collection of the reading scores of an entire grade level at an elementary school?
A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Quaternary
Q4) Why are oral histories so valuable?
Q5) Define how the term historical research is used in the social sciences.
Q6) What is an oral history?
Q7) What are the goals of historical research?
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Chapter 10: Case Studies
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Q1) What are several reasons that a case study to generate theory or a theory after research model can be useful?
Q2) Which type of case study is a set of multiple case studies of the same entity using a multi-design approach to provide a holistic view of the dynamics of the research subject?
A) Snapshot case study
B) Longitudinal case study
C) Pre-post case study
D) Patchwork case study
Q3) When do case studies take place?
A) Prior to a staged event to observe planning dynamics
B) During a naturally occurring social event
C) During a staged event planned by researchers
D) After the event occurs
Q4) Which type of journal entry transforms a personal document into a solicited document?
A) Entries to create a written record of daily events
B) Entries for therapeutic release
C) Entries created per a request from an investigator
D) Entries created to be a chronological listing of new experiences
Page 12
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Chapter 11: An Introduction to Content Analysis
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Q1) Which involves a researcher working with subjects within the established research setting to accomplish a change or action?
A) Content analysis
B) Interpretative approaches
C) Social anthropological approaches
D) Collaborative approaches
Q2) Which involves the researcher spending substantial time in a research community, and analysis of field notes as text to uncover the ways people operate in a particular setting, and manage their day-to-day lives?
A) Content analysis
B) Interpretative approaches
C) Social anthropological approaches
D) Collaborative approaches
Q3) Which term describes the data groupings that emerge in the course of analyzing data to give the content an overarching pattern?
A) Theoretical classes
B) Concept classes
C) Special classes
D) Common classes
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Chapter 12: Writing Research Papers: Sorting the Noodles from the Soup
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Q1) What are the outlets available for social scientists to disseminate their research?
Q2) Which part of a methodology section explains the way information was collected (e.g., interviews, focus groups, etc.), and how it was collected so another researcher can potentially replicate the method?
A) Analysis techniques
B) Subjects
C) Data
D) Setting
Q3) Which part of a methodology section explains who the people studied are, how they have been selected, what they have been told about their participation, and what steps have been taken to protect them from harm?
A) Analysis techniques
B) Subjects
C) Data
D) Setting
Q4) What is plagiarism, and what actions make up plagiarism?
Q5) What value does rewriting have in research?
Q6) How can you avoid plagiarism?
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