Introduction to Psychology Test Questions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Psychology provides a comprehensive overview of the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. The course explores foundational topics such as biological bases of behavior, perception, learning, memory, development, emotion, motivation, personality, and psychological disorders. Students will learn about key psychological theories, research methods, and the application of psychological principles to everyday life. Through case studies, experiments, and critical discussions, this course lays the groundwork for further study in psychology and related disciplines.
Recommended Textbook
Introducing Psychology Brain Person Group 4th Edition by Stephen M. Kosslyn
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Section 1: Introduction to the Science of Psychology:
History and Research Methods
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Q1) Imagine that you are driving in an old car with no air conditioning on a hot summer day on the freeway.Out of nowhere, someone cuts you off.You get angry and react by honking your horn.Which of the following best describes what resulted in your behavior?
A)Events at the level of the person affected events at the level of group.
B)Events at the level of brain affected events of the level of the group.
C)Events at the level of the group affected events at the level of the brain and person.
D)Events at the level of person affected events at the level of the physical context and brain.
Answer: B
Q2) What advice might John B.Watson have offered to psychologists of his time?
A)"Focus on observable behavior."
B)"Life is an effort to overcome inferiority."
C)"We cannot know others until we know ourselves."
D)"Remember that what we accomplish is due to the composition of our genes."
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 1: Section 2: Introduction to the Science of Psychology:
History and Research Methods
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Q1) Psychology is defined as the science of ________.
A)human functioning.
B)the mind and behavior.
C)human motivation and thinking.
D)behavior problems and mental illness.
Answer: B
Q2) John Locke argued that ________.
A)all human knowledge stems from experience.
B)most of human knowledge stems from experience.
C)very little human knowledge stems from experience.
D)some of human knowledge is with us from the day we are born.
Answer: A
Q3) Deceiving participants in a psychological study is _____________.
A)never allowed
B)not addressed as an issue of concern by most IRBs
C)allowed so long as participants will not be harmed (only)
D)allowed so long as participants will not be harmed and the knowledge gained clearly outweighs the use of dishonesty
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Section 1: The Biology of Mind and Behavior: the Brain in Action
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Q1) "All or none" is the principle stating that ______.
A)a neuron either fires or does not fire
B)a neuron fires at full strength or not at all
C)all the dendrites must be receiving messages telling the neuron to fire or it will not fire at all
D)all somas must be receiving messages telling the neuron to fire or it will not fire at all
Answer: A
Q2) To say that both genes and environment are important ________.
A)is completely accurate
B)is completely inaccurate
C)is partially correct depending on the given person and situation
D)is true, yet it fails to clarify that they are different aspects of a single system
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Section 2: The Biology of Mind and Behavior:
Brain in Action
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Q1) After a head injury a person reports that she is unable to see, although her eyes are uninjured.A doctor would suspect an injury in the ______ lobe.
A)occipital
B)parietal
C)temporal
D)frontal
Q2) Ever since he suffered a brain injury by falling from a ladder, his wife has continued to tell the doctor that his personality has changed.He used to be fun loving and care-free, but he is now more critical and yells at his children for seemingly little reason.Zack is likely to have suffered damage to the _______ of his cortex.
A)occipital lobe
B)parietal lobe
C)temporal lobe
D)frontal lobe
Q3) The thalamus is often compared to a(n)________.
A)switching center
B)fast food menu
C)stop sign
D)bus stop
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Chapter 3: Section 1: Sensation and Perception: How the
World Enters the Mind
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Q1) The point at which a person can detect a stimulus 50 percent of the time it is presented is called the ______.
A)absolute threshold
B)range threshold
C)difference threshold
D)noticeable threshold
Q2) Jamie walks from a bright room into a dark room.It will take about ______ minutes for her rods to fully adjust to the dark.
A)10
B)30
C)20
D)40
Q3) Psychological aspects of pain perception can influence the release of the neurotransmitters called ____________, the body's natural version of morphine.
A)endorphins
B)substance P
C)serotonin
D)acetylcholine
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Chapter 3: Section 2: Sensation and Perception: How the
World Enters the Mind
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Q1) The pupil is the ______.
A)opening in the center of the iris
B)white of the eye
C)colored part of the eye
D)lining in the back of the eyeball
Q2) The lowest intensity of a particular stimulus that enables the average person to detect that stimulus 50 percent of the time it is presented is called the ___________.
A)absolute threshold
B)difference threshold
C)just noticeable difference
D)psychophysical threshold
Q3) When you enter a darkened room (e.g., a movie theatre)you will find it hard to see at first but shortly afterward you will be able to see much better.This phenomenon is referred to as:
A)color adaptation.
B)cone adaptation.
C)dark adaptation.
D)light adaptation.
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Chapter 4: Section 1: Learning: How Experience Changes Us
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Sample Questions
Q1) John turns on his fan every night prior to going to sleep.Initially, the sound of the fan is distracting, but after a short period of time he is able to fall asleep in spite of the noise.John's falling asleep in spite of the noise most closely resembles which of the following?
A)habituation
B)associative learning
C)classical conditioning
D)operant conditioning
Q2) In the process of shaping, behaviors are ordered in terms of increasing similarity to the desired response.These behaviors are called _____________.
A)primary reinforcers
B)successive approximations
C)secondary reinforcers
D)unconditioned stimuli
Q3) A Skinner box is most likely to be used in research on ______.
A)classical conditioning
B)operant conditioning
C)vicarious learning
D)cognitive learning
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Chapter 4: Section 2: Learning: How Experience Changes Us
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Q1) ________ is an example of a primary reinforcer, whereas ________ is an example of a secondary reinforcer.
A)A cupcake; a certificate of achievement given to a student
B)A kiss; money
C)Water; food
D)A gold star; cupcake
Q2) Getting paid for each basket of apples you gather represents which schedule of reinforcement?
A)Fixed interval
B)Fixed ratio
C)Variable ratio
D)Variable interval
Q3) In the context of classical conditioning, which of following components "elicits" a response?
A)UR
B)US
C)CER
D)CSR
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Chapter 5: Section 1: Memory: Living With Yesterday
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Q1) Moishe can remember only the first two items and the last two items on the grocery list that his wife just read to him over the phone.The other five items in between are gone.His memory of things at the start of the list demonstrates the
A)encoding specificity effect
B)primacy effects
C)recency effect
D)TOT effect.
Q2) Why does distributed practice result in improved memory over massed practice?
A)You unconsciously memorize the material.
B)Each time you study you provide more associations.
C)Distributed practice activates the frontal lobe.
D)Massed practice leads to consolidation.
Q3) Proactive interference as used in the study of memory refers to when
A)older information already in memory interferes with the retrieval of newer information
B)newer information interferes with the retrieval of older information
C)information is not attended to and fails to be encoded
D)information that is not accessed decays from the storage system over time
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Chapter 5: Section 2: Memory: Living With Yesterday
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Q1) Which of the following distinguishes sensory memory (SM)from short-term memory (STM)?
A)STM holds only a small amount of separate pieces of information
B)STM holds a large amount of separate pieces of information
C)SM holds a large amount of separate pieces of information
D)STM holds a small amount of uniform information
Q2) Loni is asked to memorize the letters I K T E A L N in no particular order.She memorizes them by reorganizing them into the words INK and LATE.This tactic is called ______.
A)cueing
B)shadowing
C)rote rehearsal
D)chunking
Q3) The famous case of H.M.pertains to an individual who had severe memory loss once his hippocampus was removed.However, he still had a form of ________.
A)semantic memory
B)implicit memory
C)explicit memory
D)declarative memory
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Chapter 6: Section 1: Language, Thinking, and Intelligence:
What Humans Do Best
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Q1) You are learning Russian in preparation for a trip next summer.Although you are doing a good job recognizing the written signs you need to know, you are having trouble with the sounds of the Russian language.Which of the following aspects of language is giving you trouble?
A)syntax
B)phonemes
C)morphemes
D)audiograms
Q2) According to your textbook, researchers generally agree that solving a problem well implies ________.
A)in a reasonable amount of time
B)nothing about the time it takes
C)that problems are all easy
D)that problems are usually too difficult
Q3) Which of the following groups of children is most likely to have the most similar IQ scores?
A)identical twins reared apart
B)same-sex fraternal twins
C)siblings reared together
D)identical twins reared together
13
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Chapter 6: Section 2: Language, Thinking, and Intelligence:
What Humans Do Best
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Q1) Jordan is a 10-year-old boy who has a mental age of 8 years.His IQ would be
A)80
B)100
C)125
D)140
Q2) The ability to produce solutions to problems that are unusual, inventive, novel, and appropriate is called ____________.
A)creativity
B)insight
C)heuristics
D)latent learning
Q3) Solving a problem critically depends on ________.
A)one's general intelligence
B)manipulation of mental images
C)how you represent it
D)the use of language
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Page 14
Chapter 7: Section 1: Emotion and Motivation: Feeling and Striving
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Q1) Which level of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy is epitomized by the U.S.Army's slogan "Be all that you can be"?
A)safety
B)self-esteem
C)belongingness
D)self-actualization
Q2) The ______ theory of emotion states that the experience of emotion occurs simultaneously with biological changes.
A)Cannon-Bard theory
B)James-Lange
C)Plutchik's
D)Schachter and Singer's
Q3) ___________ proposed that two things have to happen before emotion occurs: physical arousal and labeling.
A)Plutchik
B)The James-Lange
C)The Cannon-Bard theory
D)Schachter and Singer
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Chapter 7: Section 2: Emotion and Motivation: Feeling and Striving
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Q1) Which of the following behaviors is not an example of drive theory?
A)getting some food when you are hungry
B)going to sleep when you are tired
C)getting something to drink when you are thirsty
D)going jogging when you are bored
Q2) Anna Nicole weighed about 125 pounds most of her adult life.However, it seemed like whenever Anna Nicole gained weight it was easy to lose and get back to 125.But when she wanted to go below 125 it took forever, and even the slightest deviation from her diet got her back to 125.What explanation would you give Anna Nicole?
A)Use better diet products.
B)Start a reality TV show.
C)Her weight, 125, is her set point.Leave it alone.
D)Her BMR is not tied to her set point.
Q3) Which statement reflects the core idea of the facial feedback hypothesis?
A)Men do not express emotion via the face.
B)Facial features have no connection with emotion.
C)Information from facial muscles intensifies emotional experiences.
D)When one facial expression occurs, we quickly register its opposite on the face.
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Chapter 8: Section 1: Personality: Vive La Différence
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Q1) A statistical technique that is designed to see whether traits are strongly associated with each other is called _______.
A)factor features
B)t test
C)pf analysis
D)factor analysis
Q2) Mahmoud was just told that his father has cancer.Mahmoud's first response is that there must be a mistake and he demands that the doctor repeat his tests.Which defense mechanism is at work here?
A)reaction formation
B)denial
C)repression
D)undoing
Q3) A person's responses to a projective test are thought to reflect ____________.
A)current events
B)daydreaming themes
C)maladaptive patterns of behavior
D)what is going on in an individual's personality.
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Chapter 8: Section 2: Personality: Vive La Différence
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Q1) According to Hans Eysenck, a person who is high on the ________ dimension of personality would have a greater proclivity toward developing fears than an individual who was low on that same dimension.
A)psychoticism
B)neuroticism
C)phobicism
D)extraversion
Q2) Donita is angry with her boss so she leaves work a little early in order to run an extra mile before it gets dark.Which defense mechanism is Donita employing?
A)repression
B)reaction formation
C)rationalization
D)sublimation
Q3) According to Rogers, which of the following people is most likely to have a healthy personality?
A)someone with a strongly developed superego
B)someone with an extraverted personality
C)someone brought up with conditional positive regard
D)someone brought up with unconditional positive regard
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Chapter 9: Section 1: Psychology Over the Life Span:
Growing Up, Growing Older, Growing Wiser
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Q1) Which of the following statements about an adolescent's peer relationships is true?
A)Both young men and women who have a more positive relationship with their mother later have more positive intimate relationships with others.
B)Military service tends to reduce the ability to form intimate relationships.
C)Gay young men tend to have more male than female friends.
D)Girls can effectively use direct aggression to exclude other girls from their social circle.
Q2) In Harry Harlow's classic experiments where baby monkeys were separated from their mothers, the baby monkeys tended to prefer to cling to ________.
A)a "mother" made of terrycloth that did not offer food
B)a "mother" not made of terrycloth that did offer food
C)a "mother" made of terrycloth that offered food
D)any available "mother"
Q3) Jean Piaget is noted for his theory of ______.
A)cognitive development
B)perceptual development
C)language development
D)physical development
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Chapter 9: Section 2: Psychology Over the Life Span:
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Q1) Assimilation is to accommodation as ________.
A)necessary is to optional
B)help is to hinder
C)hinder is to help
D)using is to changing
Q2) Which of the following teenagers is the most likely to become pregnant?
A)teenagers who are have an absent mother
B)teenagers with an absent father
C)teenagers without siblings
D)teenagers who live in suburbs
Q3) A teratogen is typically thought of as ________ that can cause damage to the ________.
A)a chemical; fetus only
B)any chemical or radiation; embryo or fetus only
C)virus; fetus only
D)any chemical, virus, or radiation; zygote, embryo, or fetus
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Q1) A person will often take a barbiturate as a ________.
A)sleep aid
B)vitamin supplement
C)means of increasing behavioral arousal
D)treatment for alcoholism
Q2) Adelaida hears a rattling sound as she hikes through the desert.Her muscles tense and her blood pressure rises.According to Hans Selye, she is in the___________.
A)chronic stress phase
B)alarm phase
C)exhaustion phase
D)resistance phase
Q3) There are ________ stages of sleep.
A)two
B)three
C)four
D)five
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Chapter
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Q1) _________ is the term used to describe physical and psychological responses to events that are threatening or challenging.
A)Stress
B)Burnout
C)Dysphoria
D)Distress
Q2) A period of time for which an alcoholic has no memory of events is referred to as a(n)________.
A)alcohol myopia
B)inhibitory conflict
C)blackout
D)disinhibition
Q3) Accelerated and irregular breathing and heart rate are common in which stage of sleep?
A)REM
B)Stage 1
C)Stage 2
D)Stage 3 & 4
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Chapter 11: Section 1: Psychological Disorders: More Than Everyday Problems
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Q1) Aaron Beck (1967)proposed the idea of ________ to explain the negative view of the world, the negative view of themselves, and the negative view of the future in the thoughts of depressed people.
A)cognitive distortions
B)the negative triad
C)the positive triad
D)rumination
Q2) Axis I of the DSM-IV-TR consists of_____________.
A)global assessment of functioning
B)clinical disorders and other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention
C)psychosocial and environmental problems
D)personality disorders and mental retardation
Q3) Any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress, causes harm to others, or harms their ability to function in daily life is called___________.
A)a psychological disorder
B)humors
C)stress syndrome
D)adaptive behavior
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Chapter 11: Section 2: Psychological Disorders: More Than Everyday Problems
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Q1) False beliefs held by a person who refuses to accept evidence of their falseness are known as ______.
A)delusions
B)hallucinations
C)obsessions
D)compulsions
Q2) Which of the following is a criticism of the most recent version of the DSM?
A)There are far too few disorders included in the manual.
B)Categories define medical problems as psychological disorders.
C)The manual fails to provide too loose of a boundary between normal and abnormal behavior.
D)The manual takes into consideration cultural factors
Q3) April uses laxatives to achieve her extremely low weight.Which subtype of anorexia is she most likely displaying?
A)restricting type
B)purging type
C)strict type
D)bulimic type
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Chapter 12: Section 1: Treatment: Healing Actions, Healing
Words
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Q1) Mary, who has a great fear of flying, has been instructed by her behavior therapist to take a brief ride in an actual airplane.If Mary follows her therapist's instructions, then she'll be engaged in ________.
A)imaginal exposure
B)aversive exposure
C)in vivo exposure
D)virtual reality exposure
Q2) Sylvia, who is undergoing client-centered therapy has been told that she experiences an incongruence between her ________self and her _______self.
A)conscious; unconscious
B)possible; future
C)working; current
D)real; ideal
Q3) An advantage to group therapy is that groups ______.
A)are a source of social support
B)allow countertransference to occur
C)bestow unconditional approval on group members
D)allow an extremely shy person to feel more comfortable speaking up
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Chapter 12: Section 2: Treatment: Healing Actions, Healing
Words
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Q1) Edward starts to worry about telling his therapist about his drinking.He is afraid that the therapist will get mad at him like his mother used to.Edward has started relating to his therapist as he related to his mother.Edward is experiencing ________.
A)transference
B)countertransference
C)catharsis
D)resistance
Q2) For which of these problems would systematic desensitization most likely be used?
A)Joe has been depressed for two years.
B)Ken is sexually attracted to young children.
C)As a result of schizophrenia, David does not interact with members of his family.
D)A fear of heights restricts Alice's enrollment to classes that meet on the first floor.
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Chapter 13: Section 1: Social Psychology: Meeting of the Minds
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Q1) Car salespersons are notorious for using the ________ technique, which involves changing terms after an agreement has been made.
A)foot-in-the-door
B)foot-in-the-mouth
C)door-in-the-face
D)lowball
Q2) In the Stanley Milgram obedience experiment, the teachers were given a "sample shock" of _______ volts.
A)10
B)25
C)30
D)45
Q3) If Professor Jameson is most interested in studying what you believe about an object or topic, then she is focusing on the ________ component of attitudes.
A)behavioral
B)affective
C)cognitive
D)informational
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Chapter 13: Section 2: Social Psychology: Meeting of the Minds
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Q1) Ralph, a white student who grew up in Maine, is about to enter the University of Southern California on an athletic scholarship.He is aware that many of his teammates will be black and assumes that they will dislike him and ostracize him.Ralph's attitude is best described as an example of______.
A)prejudice
B)ambiguity
C)nonconformity
D)discrimination
Q2) In Milgram's initial study of obedience, ________ percent of subjects delivered the highest level shock.
A)2
B)30
C)49
D)65
Q3) Realistic conflict theory suggests that prejudice arises from ________.
A)learned behavior
B)competition over scarce resources
C)social categorization
D)self-fulfilling prophecies
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