Introduction to Psychology Midterm
Exam
Course Introduction
Introduction to Psychology provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental concepts, theories, and research methods in the field of psychology. Students will explore topics such as biological bases of behavior, perception, learning, memory, development, motivation, emotion, personality, psychological disorders, and social interactions. The course emphasizes both historical perspectives and contemporary approaches, helping students understand how psychological principles are applied to everyday life. Through lectures, discussions, and practical exercises, students will gain a foundational understanding of human behavior and mental processes.
Recommended Textbook
Individual Differences and Personality 3rd Edition by Michael C. Ashton
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13 Chapters
199 Verified Questions
199 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Basic Concepts in Psychological Measurement
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22 Verified Questions
22 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/50093
Sample Questions
Q1) Suppose that scores on an Anxiety scale are normally distributed and are calculated as standard scores (i.e. ,with a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one).In a typical group of 100 people,about how many would you expect to have standard scores between -1 and +1?
A)16
B)32
C)50
D)68
E)95
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following correlations between two variables would tell you that those variables are essentially unrelated to each other?
A).94
B)-.96
C)-.04
D)both A and B
E)both B and C
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Personality Traits and the Inventories That Measure
Them
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Recall that Jackson (1975)examined the validity of self-report personality scales in predicting observer reports for the same traits,with the aim of comparing scales that were constructed according to different methods.Jackson found that scales constructed according to the ___________ method (even when constructed by students)were more valid than scales constructed according to the ___________ method (even when constructed by psychologists).
A)rational;empirical
B)factor-analytic;rational
C)empirical;rational
D)empirical;factor-analytic
E)rational;factor-analytic
Answer: A
Q2) What can be correctly concluded from the trait-versus-situation debate?
A)Traits and situations are actually the same thing.
B)Traits,if they exist at all,are unimportant in predicting behavior.
C)Traits determine behavior almost perfectly,regardless of the situation.
D)Traits usually predict behavior better in particular situations than in aggregated situations.
E)Traits predict behavior well when many situations are considered together.
Answer: E
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Personality Structure: Classifying Traits
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9 Verified Questions
9 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The following are six of the "facet" scales of the HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised: Creativity,Perfectionism,Greed-avoidance,Flexibility,Dependence,Social boldness.Which of the following is the ordering of the HEXACO factors that matches the ordering of the above list of facets?
A)Honesty-Humility,Emotionality,Extraversion,Agreeableness,Conscientiousness,Opennes s to Experience
B)Openness to Experience,Conscientiousness,Agreeableness,Extraversion,Emotionality,Honesty-Humility
C)Openness to Experience,Conscientiousness,Honesty-Humility,Agreeableness,Emotionality,Extraversion
D)Openness to Experience,Conscientiousness,Agreeableness,Emotionality,Honesty-Humility,Extraversion
E)Openness to Experience,Agreeableness,Conscientiousness,Honesty-Humility,Extraversion,Emotionality
Answer: C
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5
Chapter 4: Developmental Change and Stability of Personality
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11 Verified Questions
11 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the HEXACO personality factors shows the largest age differences,with an average level in 60-year-olds that is about one standard deviation unit higher than the average level in 18-year-olds?
A)Agreeableness
B)Honesty-Humility
C)Conscientiousness
D)Openness to Experience
E)Extraversion
Q2) Recall the Hawaiian longitudinal study of personality by Hampson and Goldberg (2006),in which middle-aged persons' self-reports of personality were compared with their elementary school teachers' ratings of their personalities made 40 years earlier.Which of the following best summarizes the findings of that study regarding the stability of personality across this time period?
A)Stability was very high for all Big Five factors.
B)Stability was close to zero for all Big Five factors.
C)Across the Big Five factors,stability ranged from moderate to very high.
D)Across the Big Five factors,stability ranged from near-zero to moderate.
E)Stability could not be examined directly because completely different traits were assessed at the two time points.
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Chapter 5: Biological Bases of Personality
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Personality trait levels consistently show fairly strong and theoretically meaningful associations with which of the following?
A)Blood type
B)Handwriting style
C)Astrological sign
D)A and B
E)None of the above
Q2) Which dimension of Cloninger's model is closest conceptually (and empirically)to the Behavioral Inhibition System ("stop" system)of Gray's model?
A)Reward Dependence
B)Novelty Seeking
C)Harm Avoidance
D)All three are about equally related.
E)None of the above;the two models represent wholly independent phenomena.
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Chapter 6: Genetic and Environmental Influences on Personality
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17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would indicate the effect of the common (between-family)environment on a given trait?
A)The correlation between adoptive siblings.
B)The correlation between biological cousins raised together,times eight.
C)The correlation between biological siblings raised together,times two.
D)The correlation between biological cousins raised apart,times eight.
E)The correlation between biological siblings raised apart,times two.
Q2) Which of the following biological relatives is the proportion of shared genes not equal to 50% (or approximately 50%)? (Consider only the genes that are not shared by all persons. )
A)Mother and child
B)Father and child
C)Non-twin siblings
D)Fraternal (dizygotic)twins
E)Identical (monozygotic)twins
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Chapter 7: The Evolutionary Function of Personality
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12 Verified Questions
12 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the six HEXACO personality factors shows the largest differences between the sexes,and is thought to be relevant to kin altruistic tendencies?
A)Honesty-Humility
B)Emotionality
C)Extraversion
D)Agreeableness
E)Conscientiousness
Q2) Recall Nettle's (2006)interpretations of adaptive trade-offs for the Big Five personality factors.Which of the following were among the benefits that Nettle proposed to be associated with high levels of Neuroticism?
1)Attractiveness to potential mates
2)Reduced risk of schizophrenia
3)Avoidance of dangers
4)Competitive success
A)1 and 2
B)1 and 3
C)2 and 3
D)2 and 4
E)3 and 4
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Chapter 8: Personality Disorders
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the alternative system for diagnosing personality disorders as proposed for the DSM-5,which of the following dimensions does NOT have any clear counterpart among the Big Five or HEXACO dimensions?
A)Negative Affectivity
B)Detachment
C)Antagonism
D)Disinhibition
E)Psychoticism
Q2) In the alternative system for diagnosing personality disorders as proposed for the DSM-5,which of the following dimensions is thought to represent the opposite of compulsive tendencies?
A)Negative Affectivity
B)Detachment
C)Antagonism
D)Disinhibition
E)Psychoticism
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10
Chapter 9: Personality and Life Outcomes
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18 Verified Questions
18 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to research findings,which combination of self-esteem and Narcissism levels is most likely to be associated with aggressive,hostile behavior?
A)High self-esteem,high Narcissism.
B)High self-esteem,low Narcissism.
C)Low self-esteem,high Narcissism.
D)Low self-esteem,low Narcissism.
E)Any levels of self-esteem or of Narcissism that are too far from the normal,average level.
Q2) Recall that Terracciano and Costa (2004)compared the personality characteristics of persons who had never smoked,of persons who had quit smoking,and of persons who were current smokers.How did the personality trait levels of people who had quit smoking compare with the personality trait levels of people who had never smoked and of people who were current smokers?
A)About the same as those of people who had never smoked.
B)About the same as those of people who were current smokers.
C)Even more extreme than those of persons who had never smoked.
D)Even more extreme than those of persons who were current smokers.
E)In between those of persons who had never smoked and those of persons who were current smokers.
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11
Chapter 10: Mental Ability
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26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following summarizes the results of the investigation by Deary et al. (2004),who compared the mental ability test scores of the same group of persons at age 11 and at age 80?
A)Scores at age 11 and age 80 were strongly positively correlated,and scores at age 80 were generally lower than scores at age 11.
B)Scores at age 11 and age 80 were strongly positively correlated,and scores at age 80 were generally about the same as scores at age 11.
C)Scores at age 11 and age 80 were strongly positively correlated,and scores at age 80 were generally higher than scores at age 11.
D)Scores at age 11 and age 80 were very weakly correlated,and scores at age 80 were generally lower than scores at age 11.
E)Scores at age 11 and age 80 were very weakly correlated,and scores at age 80 were generally higher than scores at age 11.
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Chapter 11: Vocational Interests
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12 Verified Questions
12 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the findings of Lykken et al. (1993),the heritability of vocational interests is close to which value,on average?
A).00
B).15
C).30
D).50
E).80
Q2) Which two of Holland's (1966)interest dimensions are associated (1)with interests in law and politics and (2)with interests in life sciences and medicine?
A)Social and Realistic
B)Enterprising and Investigative
C)Conventional and Investigative
D)Artistic and Realistic
E)Enterprising and Conventional
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13
Chapter 12: Religion and Politics
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Suppose that a person has very low levels of both Right-Wing Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Orientation.Which of the following is most likely to describe his or her personality accurately,with reference to the HEXACO personality factors?
A)Low Conscientiousness and high Agreeableness
B)Low Agreeableness and high Extraversion
C)High Emotionality and high Honesty-Humility
D)High Openness to Experience and high Honesty-Humility
E)High Openness to Experience and low Emotionality.
Q2) Which of the following political attitudes would be least likely to be correlated with Social Dominance Orientation?
A)Support for cuts to government social programs for the poor.
B)Opposition to programs assisting members of racial minority groups.
C)Support for stricter regulation of alcohol and tobacco products.
D)Support for increased military spending.
E)Opposition to laws protecting the environment.
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Chapter 13: Sexuality
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the results of Schmitt's (2005)cross-national study of sociosexual orientation,which of the following statements can be considered accurate?
A)The most sociosexually restricted countries were found in Europe.
B)Across all countries,men tended to be more sociosexually unrestricted than were women.
C)In countries with greater equality of status between men and women,the differences in sociosexuality between men and women were smaller.
D)All of the above.
E)B and C only.
Q2) Investigations by Ben Zion et al. (2006)and Garcia et al. (2010)found higher levels of Sexual Arousal and lower levels of Sexual Commitment,respectively,in individuals who possessed alleles causing greater activity of one of the following substances.Which one?
A)Serotonin
B)Norepinephrine
C)Dopamine
D)Testosterone
E)Oxytocin
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Page 15