Introduction to Psychology Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Psychology offers a comprehensive overview of the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. The course explores major psychological theories, foundational research methods, and key concepts such as cognition, emotion, development, learning, perception, and motivation. Students will examine biological, social, and environmental influences on behavior, and gain insight into topics like personality, psychological disorders, and therapy. Emphasis is placed on real-world applications, ethical considerations, and the relevance of psychology to everyday life.
Recommended Textbook
Discovering Behavioral Neuroscience An Introduction to Biological Psychology 4th Edition by Laura
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16 Chapters
2642 Verified Questions
2642 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is Behavioral Neuroscience?
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146 Verified Questions
146 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a large area of brain is surgically removed, we refer to the result as a(n)
A) magnetoencephalogram.
B) microdialysis analysis.
C) lesion.
D) ablation.
Answer: D
Q2) A gene-wide association study (GWAS) is a type of A) twin study.
B) adoption study.
C) reverse genetic screen.
D) forward genetic screen.
Answer: D
Q3) Microdialysis can be used to assess the chemicals present in a very small area of the brain.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Functional Neuroanatomy and the Evolution of the Nervous System
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202 Verified Questions
202 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The primary purpose of CSF is to
A) nourish the cells of the brain and spinal cord.
B) float the brain within the skull.
C) remove toxins from the brain and excrete them from the body.
D) synthesize chemical messengers.
Answer: B
Q2) A subdural hematoma is a "bruise" that often occurs following a head injury and affects a layer of the membranes that cover the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nerves. Given your knowledge of anatomical terms, which of the following is the likely location of this type of injury?
A) the scalp
B) the meninges
C) the lateral ventricles
D) the central canal of the spinal cord
Answer: B
Q3) The primary auditory cortex is found in the parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Neurophysiology: The Structure and Functions of the
Cells of the Nervous System
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163 Verified Questions
163 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In this figure, threshold is measured at ____________________mV, the peak of the action potential occurs at ____________________mV, and the recording during the refractory period appears to go as low as ____________________mV.
Answer: -65, +40, -80 (approximate; see Figure 3.13)
Q2) Neurons with short axons that communicate primarily with adjacent cells are known as _________ neurons.
A) sensory
B) motor
C) projection
D) local circuit
Answer: D
Q3) The resting potential of a neuron is primarily dependent on the movement of A) sodium.
B) calcium.
C) chloride.
D) potassium.
Answer: D
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Psychopharmacology
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180 Verified Questions
180 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Erectile dysfunction drugs such as Viagra act by increasing activity of A) substance P.
B) oxytocin.
C) NO.
D) CCK.
Q2) Which of the following drugs act as reuptake inhibitors?
A) organophosphates and reserpine
B) cocaine and Prozac®
C) nicotine and curare
D) Botox and apomorphine
Q3) Within the brain, NO
A) does not appear to play an important role in any system.
B) appears to play an important role in regulating breathing and blood pressure.
C) appears to play an important role in higher cognitive functions, such as attention.
D) appears to play an important role in regulating sensory input to the cortex.
Q4) When the body's compensation for a drug cancels out most of the drug's effects, ________ occurs, and when the compensatory effects occur alone, ________ occurs.
Q5) Alcohol produces its effects by acting on the ______ receptor.
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Chapter 5: Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain
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147 Verified Questions
147 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Joan has one APOE3 and one APOE4 allele. This means Joan is heterozygous for the APOE gene.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Alternative versions of a particular gene are known as
A) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
B) imprinted genes.
C) alleles.
D) proteomes.
Q3) About two-thirds of the cells traveling to the developing cortex follow radial glia, and the remaining one-third move in a horizontal direction instead, without using radial glia to guide them.
A)True
B)False
Q4) .Describe the development of the neural tube into bulges or vesicles.
Q5) Fragile-X syndrome usually occurs as a result of A) paternal age.
B) maternal age.
Page 7
C) unusually high codon repeats on the X chromosome.
D) the inability to metabolize phenylalanine.
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Chapter 6: Vision
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171 Verified Questions
171 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Small black print on a white background is an example of a stimulus with _________ frequency and _________ contrast.
A) high; high
B) high; low
C) low; high
D) low; low
Q2) Nick's grandfather has just been diagnosed with glaucoma and was told by his doctor that this condition results from a blockage of fluid in the anterior chamber of the eye. Based on Nick's understanding of the anatomy of the eye, he was able to tell his grandfather that the blockage involves his
A) vitreous humor, which circulates around the cornea and lens.
B) aqueous humor, which circulates around the cornea and lens.
C) vitreous humor, located in the main chamber of the eyeball.
D) aqueous humor, located in the main chamber of the eyeball.
Q3) Photons
A) may be divided into smaller particles.
B) possess constant amounts of energy.
C) always travel at the same speed.
D) are too small to impact the visual systems of animals.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Nonvisual Sensation and Perception
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165 Verified Questions
165 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Primary somatosensory cortex is located in
A) the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe.
B) the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe.
C) the fusiform gyrus of the temporal lobe.
D) Heschl's gyrus of the temporal lobe.
Q2) Typical speech has an intensity of about _________ dB, whereas legal deafness is defined as occurring when speech sounds lower than _________ dB cannot be heard.
A) 40; 65
B) 60; 82
C) 82; 100
D) 102; 120
Q3) Human hearing is not as good as dogs' hearing for _________ frequencies and not as good as elephants for _________ frequencies.
A) high; middle
B) middle; low
C) high; low
D) low; high
Q4) Discuss some variations in sensitivity to smell that have been shown in humans.
Q5) Describe the types of mechanoreceptors that provide information about touch.
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Chapter 8: Movement
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164 Verified Questions
164 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Elaine has suffered a spinal cord injury. It is likely that she has had a loss of ____ muscle fibers.
A) slow-twitch
B) slow-twitch and fast-twitch
C) fast-twitch
D) autonomic
Q2) Intrafusal fibers receive input from
A) alpha motor neurons.
B) gamma motor neurons.
C) Ia sensory fibers.
D) C fibers.
Q3) Primary motor cortex is located in the _________ gyrus of the _________ lobe.
A) precentral; frontal
B) precentral; parietal
C) postcentral; frontal
D) postcentral; parietal
Q4) Describe the major features of fast- and slow-twitch muscles, and discuss the implications of these different features for movement.
Q5) Describe current hypotheses regarding the causes of Parkinson's disease.
Q6) How does recruitment work and why does our body do this?
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Chapter 9: Homeostasis, Motivation, and Reward
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163 Verified Questions
163 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Animals with large body volumes generate _________ animals with small body volumes.
A) more heat than B) less heat than
C) the same amount of heat as
D) more heat than some animals with small body volumes and less heat than other
Q2) People with anorexia nervosa that would be categorized as "severe" usually maintain a BMI of less than
A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20
Q3) Ryan was running his first marathon with a friend, and after drinking a lot of plain water, he dropped out of the race. At the hospital, he was diagnosed with hyponatremia and treated for
A) a wide range of problems resulting from his failure to release ADH.
B) dehydration of organ tissues, including the brain, due to water moving into the hypertonic blood supply.
C) a dangerous loss of fluid due to constant urination.
D) swelling of the brain due to low sodium levels.
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Chapter 10: Sexual Behavior
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159 Verified Questions
159 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT true for people who have high levels of body symmetry?
A) They experience more opportunities for sexual activity.
B) They are viewed as healthier.
C) They are viewed as more beautiful.
D) They have elevated levels of sex hormones.
Q2) The _____ neurons in male rodents have twice as many synaptic inputs than females, which might affect the animals' responses to stimuli such as the odor of a potential mate
A) preoptic area
B) INAH-2
C) SNB
D) INAH-3
Q3) Many individuals with Klinefelter syndrome experience
A) unusually good verbal abilities.
B) deficits in verbal skills.
C) unusually good spatial relations.
D) deficits in the processing of spatial relations.
Q4) Carla has been diagnosed with Turner syndrome. Discuss what symptoms she might experience and the specific genetics she inherited.
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Chapter 11: Sleep and Waking
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169 Verified Questions
169 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jack is studying for a quiz and records in his notes that the SCN is the ______ and
A) suprachiasmatic nucleus; is the only biological clock in the body.
B) superficial cortical nucleus; is one of multiple, independent biological clocks in the body.
C) suprachiasmatic nucleus; may be viewed as the body's "master clock."
D) superficial cortical nucleus; responds more slowly to phase shifts than clocks in other types of tissue.
Q2) Lucid dreaming
A) occurs when you can consciously control your dream.
B) occurs when you cannot control a nightmare.
C) occurs only during NREM sleep.
D) is characteristic of people with clinical depression.
Q3) Actual cessation of breathing followed by waking and gasping for air is characteristic of
A) insomnia.
B) somnambulism.
C) nocturnal enuresis.
D) apnea.
Q4) Discuss the EEG patterns characteristic of each sleep stage.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Learning and Memory
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168 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Levels of protein kinase M zeta (PKM?) increase during the stage of LTP stabilization.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In experiments Wilder Penfield performed on patients, they reported experiential memories when he stimulated which region of their brains?
A) parietal lobes
B) amygdalae
C) frontal lobes
D) temporal lobes
Q3) NMDA receptors ___________ when the nearby membrane is not depolarized.
A) allow both sodium and calcium to enter the cell
B) are blocked by a molecule of calcium
C) are blocked by a molecule of magnesium
D) allow potassium to leave the cell
Q4) Output from the hippocampus travels via the
A) parahippocampal and rhinal cortices.
B) perforant pathway.
C) mossy fibers.
D) fornix.
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Chapter 13: Cognition
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168 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Language is found in
A) all human cultures.
B) most but not all contemporary human cultures.
C) a minority of contemporary human cultures.
D) all contemporary human cultures but probably did not occur in most human societies until approximately 15,000 years ago.
Q2) Making reference to the numbered figures in this illustration, describe the differences in activity observed in the typical reader and the reader with dyslexia.
Q3) All left-handed people process language in the right hemisphere, and all right-handed people process language in the left hemisphere.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The structures in this illustration were severed in the classic split-brain procedures used by Joseph Bogen. They are #1, ____________________, #2, ____________________, #3, ____________________, and #4,
Q5) Describe the major features of dyslexia.
Q6) Discuss the implications of lateralization on musical abilities and learning.
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Chapter 14: Emotion, Aggression, and Stress
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to research on temperament, babies who are extremely unresponsive to environmental stimuli at birth may develop _________ later in life.
A) anxiety disorders
B) antisocial or psychopathic disorders
C) major depressive disorders
D) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Q2) Damasio hypothesized that somatic markers are
A) emotional processes that guide behavior.
B) conscious appraisals of subjective emotional states.
C) unlearned associations between physical states and subjective feelings.
D) stimuli that nearly all human beings respond to emotionally without prior experience.
Q3) John, who is right-handed, is studying a reproduction of the Mona Lisa very intently, without moving his eyes. It is likely that his interpretation of Mona Lisa's emotional expression will be most influenced by A) her eyes.
B) the left half of her face, which is in John's right visual field.
C) the right half of her face, which is in John's left visual field.
D) the lower half of her face.
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Chapter 15: Neuropsychology
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151 Verified Questions
151 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following could NOT be an accurate statement?
A) Tom has been hospitalized due to lung cancer that has metastasized to his brain.
B) Tom has been hospitalized due to a glioma that has caused him to have seizures.
C) Tom has been hospitalized due to a benign tumor that has spread to his liver.
D) Tom has been hospitalized due to a meningioma that will be removed from his brain tomorrow.
Q2) Seizures that originate in a focal area without affecting consciousness are known as A) absence seizures.
B) tonic-clonic seizures.
C) simple partial seizures.
D) complex partial seizures.
Q3) Open head injuries are most likely to be fatal when the damage
A) involves both hemispheres of the brain.
B) is localized in one hemisphere of the brain.
C) does not involve the ventricles.
D) affects a single lobe rather than multiple lobes.
Q4) Describe the two major types of generalized seizures.
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17
Chapter 16: Psychopathology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Injections of sodium lactate can initiate a panic attack in individuals diagnosed with panic disorder.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Brain growth in autism spectrum disorder usually
A) proceeds at a normal rate.
B) first accelerates and then decelerates relative to healthy controls.
C) first decelerates and then accelerates relative to healthy controls.
D) proceeds at an increased rate throughout childhood and adolescence.
Q3) Kah has been diagnosed with PTSD. It is possible that imaging scans of her brain would show a smaller A) hypothalamus.
B) nucleus accumbens.
C) hippocampus.
D) amygdala.
Q4) Medications that influence the activity of serotonin, GABA, and glutamate have produced encouraging improvements in the behavior of children with autism spectrum disorder.
A)True
B)False
Page 18
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