Introduction to Psychology
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Introduction to Psychology provides a comprehensive overview of the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. This course explores fundamental concepts such as perception, learning, memory, emotion, motivation, development, and personality, as well as examining biological, cognitive, and social influences on human behavior. Students will become familiar with major psychological theories and research methods, and apply critical thinking to real-world psychological issues. Through lectures, discussions, and interactive activities, students will gain foundational knowledge to better understand themselves and others, laying the groundwork for advanced study in psychology and related disciplines.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology An Exploration 2nd Edition by
Saundra K. Ciccarelli
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13 Chapters
4381 Verified Questions
4381 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Science of Psychology
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361 Verified Questions
361 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Modern psychology is said to have begun when:
A)Greek philosophers began studying the differences between people.
B)Wundt opened the first laboratory devoted to the scientific study of psychology.
C)Freud developed psychoanalytic theory and therapy.
D)it was discovered in the early 1900s that many illnesses have no medical basis.
Answer: B
Q2) In an experiment,a researcher manipulates one variable to see how it affects a second variable.The manipulated variable is called the __________.
A)dependent variable
B)control variable
C)independent variable
D)hypothetical variable
Answer: C
Q3) Critical thinking requires making judgments that are well reasoned and well thought out.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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3
Chapter 2: The Biological Perspective
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Sample Questions
Q1) The part of the brain that receives sensations of touch,balance,bodily position,and oversees spatial abilities is the __________.
A)occipital lobe
B)temporal lobe
C)parietal lobe
D)frontal lobe
Answer: C
Q2) During a resting potential,the neuron is positively charged inside and negatively charged outside.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The part of the brain which interprets visual information is the __________.
A)occipital lobe
B)temporal lobe
C)parietal lobe
D)frontal lobe
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception
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392 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following occurs when,because one object appears to be blocking another object,the viewer assumes that the blocked object is farther away?
A)convergence
B)linear perspective
C)overlap
D)texture gradient
Answer: C
Q2) What structure in your eye is most like the film in a camera?
A)the retina
B)the lens
C)the cornea
D)the pupil
Answer: A
Q3) Contiguity is the tendency to perceive ____________.
A)objects that are close to each other as part of the same grouping
B)things with a continuous pattern rather than with a complex,broken-up pattern
C)two things that happen close together in time as being related
D)objects that are in a common area or region as being in a group
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) The spread of conditioning to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus is called:
A)associative linkage.
B)generalization.
C)higher-order conditioning.
D)spontaneous recovery.
Q2) One interesting thing about conditioned taste aversions is that birds differ from mammals in how they learn them.Birds seem more likely to learn the taste aversion to the appearance of the new food,rather than the smell.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Changes controlled by a genetic blueprint,such as an increase in height or the size of the brain,are examples of ___________.
A)maturation
B)learning
C)habituation
D)growth cycles
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Chapter 5: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) When someone looks at an image,the retina turns the light rays from it into neural messages that go up to the optic nerve so the brain can interpret them.This process is called _______________.
A)encoding
B)storage
C)retrieval
D)evaluation
Q2) In the famous case of H.M.,after having part of his brain removed,he could no longer
A)pay attention to specific stimuli
B)retrieve memories
C)form new memories
D)make sense of memories
Q3) The processes of encoding,storage,and retrieval are seen as part of the ____________ model of memory.
A)information processing
B)top-down storage
C)classical conditioning
D)Tolman's cognitive
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Consciousness and Cognition
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Sample Questions
Q1) What term do psychologists use to designate our personal awareness of feelings,sensations, and thoughts?
A)thinking
B)cognition
C)conscience
D)consciousness
Q2) CPAP stands for ___________.
A)continuous positive airway pressure
B)cancer prevention application procedure
C)controlled pulmonary air pump
D)correctable pointed airflow problem
Q3) Circadian rhythms are controlled by the ___________.
A)pineal gland
B)suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
C)thalamus
D)hippocampus
Q4) Almost everyone goes through the same stages of slee
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Development Across the Life Span
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Sample Questions
Q1) Damage caused by unstable molecules is the main idea of the ______ theory of aging.
A)wear-and-tear
B)cellular clock
C)free radical
D)active
Q2) According to Piaget,children begin to develop concepts and the ability to think in terms of abstractions in the __________ stage.
A)preoperational
B)formal operational
C)concrete operational
D)sensory-motor
Q3) In Piaget's theory,the stage of development between birth and 2 years of age,in which the individual uses senses and motor abilities to interact with objects in the environment,is called the _________ stage.
A)concrete operations
B)sensorimotor
C)preoperational
D)formal operations
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Luc said,"I don't care what I do as long as I am the best at it!" What need is this?
A)need for achievement
B)need for affiliation
C)need for power
D)need for sex
Q2) What is one of the criticisms of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
A)The highest level has never been attained.
B)Self-actualization is actually a biological drive.
C)The hierarchy does not have any focus on social needs.
D)Some people who struggle with lower needs may still satisfy higher needs.
Q3) Which of the following activities is inconsistent with drive-reduction theory?
A)eating food when you are hungry
B)going swimming on a hot day
C)eating when you are not hungry
D)smoking pot to relax
Q4) Physiologically based drives that are unlearned are called primary drives.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Stress and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Kirima has her doctorate in health psychology.Which of the following research questions might she be most likely to investigate?
A)Why are college students more prone to doing drugs when they take harder classes?
B)What is the relationship between one's ethnicity and their political affiliation?
C)Are men or women better drivers?
D)What is the relationship between a person's age and the number of years it takes them to get an undergraduate degree?
Q2) Once seated at his favorite restaurant,Malik was torn between ordering a turkey sandwich and ordering a plate of lasagna.He loves both equally,and is struggling to make a choice.Malik is experiencing an avoidance-avoidance conflict.
A)True
B)False
Q3) An unpredictable situation is one that is not controllable,which may at least partially explain the stress it causes.
A)True
B)False
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11
Chapter 10: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Even though she thought it was silly,Emily wore pink and green ribbons in her hair as her friends did.This is an example of:
A)a group role.
B)a group norm.
C)conformity.
D)obedience.
Q2) Gerard goes to his job interview dressed in patched blue jeans,a torn t-shirt,and sandals.His hair is uncombed and he hasn't shaved in a few days.Obviously,Gerard knows nothing about __________.
A)cognitive dissonance.
B)attitude formation.
C)impression formation.
D)groupthink.
Q3) Which of the following individuals is most likely to make the fundamental attribution error?
A)Maggie,a 24-year old Caucasian woman
B)Jethro,an 18-year old Caucasian man
C)Anut,a 46-year old Pakistani woman
D)Mona,a 72-year old Hawaiian woman
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Theories of Personality and Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which element in Freud's personality theory contains the conscience?
A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)preconscious
Q2) What three types of intelligence constitute Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence?
A)global,intuitive,and special
B)general,global,and specific
C)analytical,creative,and practical
D)mathematical,reasoning,and verbal
Q3) Which assessment technique requires people to respond to unstructured or ambiguous stimuli?
A)dynamic
B)projective
C)objective
D)predictive
Q4) Jung's collective unconscious and Freud's unconscious are very similar.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) The psychodynamic approach to psychological disorders stresses the importance of:
A)stimulus-response patterns.
B)present settings.
C)repressed memories.
D)psychopathological systems.
Q2) The role of __________,a neurotransmitter,may provide clues to both bulimia and anorexia.
A)serotonin
B)insulin
C)dopamine
D)norepinephrine
Q3) According to family,twin,and adoption studies,a person is at greatest risk for developing schizophrenia _________.
A)if he or she has an identical twin diagnosed with the disorder
B)if he or she has a nonidentical twin diagnosed with the disorder
C)if he or she has an adoptive parent diagnosed with the disorder
D)if he or she has a biological parent diagnosed with the disorder
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14
Chapter 13: Psychological Therapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Omar is currently undergoing psychoanalysis.His therapist asks him to keep a journal by his bed and write down his dreams immediately upon awakening.Omar brings his journal to therapy and discusses his dreams with his therapist.Omar's therapist is attempting to do which of the following?
A)uncover repressed material
B)facilitate positive transference
C)create resistance within the client
D)facilitate unconditional positive regard
Q2) Systematic and contact desensitization evolved from:
A)classical conditioning principles.
B)modeling therapies.
C)biofeedback techniques.
D)operant conditioning principles.
Q3) Which type of therapy is based on well-researched learning principles?
A)behavior
B)cognitive-behavior
C)psychoanalysis
D)client-centered
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