Introduction to Nursing Science Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Introduction to Nursing Science provides students with a comprehensive overview of the foundational principles, concepts, and theories that guide the nursing profession. This course explores the historical development of nursing, its role within the healthcare system, and the philosophical, ethical, and scientific underpinnings of nursing practice. Emphasis is placed on understanding the nursing process, evidence-based practice, patient-centered care, and the importance of cultural competence and communication in delivering high-quality care. By the end of the course, students will have developed a broad perspective on the scope and responsibilities of nurses, preparing them for further study and professional growth in the field of nursing.
Recommended Textbook
Understanding Nursing Research Building an Evidence Based Practice 6th Edition by Grove
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse serves on a committee to develop a clinical protocol to guide dressing changes for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)abscesses.Which is the most important type of evidence to consider when formulating this protocol?
A) Assertions from a panel of infectious disease physicians about existing protocols to treat this organism.
B) A statistical review of experimental studies comparing various dressing change protocols and patient outcomes.
C) A systematic review of all nursing and medical literature about the incidence of MRSA infection and various dressing change protocols.
D) Studies identifying the correlations between variables such as dressing types and subsequent infection rates.
Answer: B
Q2) Which are components of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)? (Choose all that apply.)
A) Best research evidence
B) Expert opinion consensus
C) Patient needs and values
D) Safe, cost-effective care
Answer: A,C,D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Introduction to the Quantitative Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) In which type of research does the researcher seek to examine causal relationships among variables without being able to manipulate the variables?
A) Descriptive
B) Correlational
C) Experimental
D) Quasi-experimental
Answer: D
Q2) The purpose of a study abstract is to:
A) describe the reason for conducting the study.
B) outline the theoretical framework that defines the study.
C) summarize a study concisely and capture the reader's attention.
D) summarize previous research about the study's topic.
Answer: C
Q3) The methodology portion of the research report is used to:
A) describe the study design.
B) discuss the implications of the study.
C) provide a theoretical framework for the study.
D) summarize the purpose, methods, and results.
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Introduction to the Qualitative Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher describes phrases and terms discovered in a qualitative study and describes and links these with various themes.This is an example of:
A) coding the data.
B) describing the data.
C) dwelling with the data.
D) interpreting the data.
Answer: D
Q2) What is true about scientific rigor in qualitative nursing research?
A) Studies are rigorous only when results are quantifiable.
B) Study findings are considered trustworthy when rigor is applied.
C) Scientific rigor is not applicable with qualitative studies.
D) Scientific rigor is only used with random-controlled trials.
Answer: B
Q3) Which is true about rigor in qualitative research?
A) Data should be interpreted according to the initial expectations of the researcher.
B) Findings of the study should be generalizable to a larger population.
C) Studies are evaluated based on design detail and thoroughness of evaluation.
D) There is no method for judging rigor in qualitative research.
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Examining Ethics in Nursing Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher will have greater success gaining approval for a research study involving pregnant women if which provision is put into place?
A) Care is taken to maintain strict confidentiality of subjects.
B) Consent is given by the pregnant women's significant others.
C) Subjects may experience therapeutic effects from the intervention.
D) Subjects receive financial rewards for participation in the study.
Q2) Which patient information requires deidentifying in order to maintain privacy? (Select all that apply)
A) E-mail addresses
B) Full-face photographs
C) State of residence
D) Medical record numbers
Q3) A nurse researcher who wishes to use animals in a research study must include which elements in an animal use protocol? (Select all that apply)
A) Animal living conditions and veterinary care
B) Assurances that animals will be kept alive
C) Justification for the use of animals over humans
D) Procedures to minimize pain and distress
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Chapter 5: Research Problems,Purposes,and Hypotheses
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Q1) In a research proposal,the author describes what is already known about the research topic.This would be included in the discussion of the study's:
A) background.
B) feasibility.
C) purpose.
D) significance.
Q2) Which component of a research study is exemplified in the statement,"This study identifies various themes associated with parenting children who have chronic disease?"
A) Aim or objective
B) Hypothesis
C) Research methodology
D) Research problem
Q3) Which is true about a dependent variable in a research study? It is:
A) manipulated by the researcher to test the research hypothesis.
B) the cause of changes in other variables in a research study.
C) the experimental variable in a research study.
D) the outcome the researcher wishes to predict.
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Chapter 6: Understanding and Critically Appraising the Literature Review
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Q1) After a literature search has yielded a list of articles,an efficient way to identify relevant studies during a literature search is to review:
A) an electronic database search history.
B) only experimental studies.
C) reference lists in other studies.
D) study abstracts.
Q2) A step just prior to beginning a literature search using an electronic database is to:
A) decide how many articles are needed.
B) determine the type of study.
C) identify keywords for the search.
D) perform a Google search.
Q3) When initially reading the relevant literature for comprehension,the researcher will:
A) critically appraise the studies.
B) highlight the main points of the studies.
C) make decisions about paraphrasing quotes.
D) review the abstract only.
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Chapter 7: Understanding Theory and Research
Frameworks
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Q1) Which statement is true about theory and qualitative studies?
A) Qualitative studies rely on conceptual frameworks and not on theory.
B) Qualitative studies are not based on theory.
C) Qualitative studies may be used to create theory.
D) Qualitative studies use theory in the same way as quantitative studies.
Q2) Which is an important characteristic of a variable?
A) It is broad and encompasses several ideas.
B) It is constant from one instance to another.
C) It is less specific than a concept.
D) It is measurable and changeable.
Q3) In the introduction to a study,the researcher explains why self-esteem is expected to affect obesity.The explanation of this relationship represents which aspect of the study?
A) Concept
B) Construct
C) Framework
D) Theory
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Chapter 8: Clarifying Quantitative Research Designs
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse researcher conducts a study to determine whether women who breastfeed their infants experience better sleep in the first two postpartum months.This study will employ which type of research design?
A) Correlational
B) Descriptive
C) Descriptive correlational
D) Predictive correlational
Q2) A researcher develops a 7-point Likert scale to evaluate feelings of well-being in patients who are undergoing chemotherapy.The researcher administers this measure to other,similar patients in other medical centers.This is done in order to:
A) decrease mono-operation bias.
B) improve the test-retest reliability.
C) increase interrater reliability.
D) strengthen the operational definition of constructs.
Q3) Which action will the researcher take to improve construct validity?
A) Allow data collectors to know which subjects are assigned to which groups
B) Ensure that operational definitions reflect theoretical constructs
C) Make sure that the researcher is involved in data collection
D) Utilize only one measurement method to measure study variables
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Examining Populations and Samples in Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) When using stratified random sampling,the researcher is able to:
A) achieve greater control over subject selection.
B) avoid discussion of the effects of extraneous variables.
C) lower the costs associated with sampling.
D) use a smaller sample size.
Q2) The goal of sampling theory is to:
A) clearly define sample types used in research studies.
B) determine the best way to achieve representative samples.
C) develop methods for collecting data more efficiently.
D) provide frameworks for data analysis.
Q3) The goal of appropriate sampling in research is to:
A) accurately reflect the characteristics of the target population.
B) completely define the traits of the accessible population.
C) identify all attributes of the sample population.
D) study an entire population.
Q4) Which of the following is true about convenience sampling?
A) It tends to be less expensive and easier to conduct.
B) It requires fewer subjects to achieve a representative sample.
C) It is used more often in quantitative research.
D) It allows the researcher greater control over extraneous variables.
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Chapter 10: Clarifying Measurement and Data Collection in Quantitative Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher evaluates a measurement tool by administering the tool to a group of subjects every 2 weeks for 8 weeks.This is a measure of the tool's:
A) alternate forms reliability.
B) internal consistency reliability.
C) interrater reliability.
D) test-retest reliability.
Q2) A researcher conducts a study to examine the effects of breastfeeding on infant weight at age 6 months.Which type of measurement is used to measure the infants' weight?
A) Direct
B) Indirect
C) Nominal
D) Ordinal
Q3) A researcher evaluates whether a tool addresses the major elements of the construct being studied.This helps to ensure:
A) content validity.
B) equivalence.
C) internal consistency.
D) readability level.
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Chapter 11: Understanding Statistics in Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) A review of demographic data shows that mothers with higher levels of education have fewer children.This represents which type of relationship?
A) Asymmetrical
B) Negative
C) Positive
D) Symmetrical
Q2) In statistical analysis of data,the alpha value is used to:
A) describe the degree of generalizability of the findings.
B) determine the risk of a Type I error.
C) reveal whether the p value meets criteria for statistical significance.
D) speculate on the frequency distribution of study values.
Q3) Which describes an outlier?
A) A data point with a value outside what is predicted by other data points
B) Any data point far from the median point, but still within 2 standard deviations from the mean.
C) A study result that is directly attributable to randomness.
D) A study score from a subject lost to attrition after the study begins.
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Chapter 12: Critical Appraisal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research for Nursing Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) How do practicing nurses participate in critical appraisal of research?
A) By adhering to evidence-based practice guidelines and best practices
B) By presenting findings from their own outcomes research
C) By questioning the quality, credibility, and meaning of studies
D) By reading research journals to keep current in knowledge and practice
Q2) During a critical appraisal of a research study,the reviewer determines that a study about blood glucose monitoring of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus has implications for patients with type 2 diabetes.The reviewer will determine this during which phase of the research critique?
A) Analysis
B) Comparison
C) Comprehension
D) Evaluation
Q3) A determination that findings in a qualitative study are applicable to other populations is an evaluation of a study's:
A) generalizability.
B) reliability.
C) transferability.
D) validity.
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Chapter 13: Building an Evidence-Based Nursing Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) When using the Stetler Model of research utilization,the nurse researcher reviews the risks,resources,and readiness of staff associated with making changes in practice based on evidence.Which part of the model is this?
A) Phase I: Preparation
B) Phase II: Validation
C) Phase III: Comparative Evaluation
D) Phase IV: Translation/Application
Q2) When addressing a health care question to determine best practice,the nurse identifies and appraises quality research using a structured,comprehensive synthesis of the research literature to determine the best research evidence available.This is an example of a:
A) literature review
B) meta-analysis.
C) meta-synthesis.
D) systematic review.
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15
Chapter 14: Outcomes Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is one of the indicators used by the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI)?
A) Assessment, intervention, and reassessment of pediatric pain
B) Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment (CLIA) standards
C) Protocols for monitoring biometric equipment used in hospitals
D) The number of hours hospital residents work per week
Q2) Which is an example of a type of nursing service that might be evaluated in outcomes research?
A) Application of wound care products
B) Clinical care protocol implementation
C) Glucose monitoring for newly diagnosed diabetics
D) Using a Braden Scale for skin assessment
Q3) The development of the Uniform Hospital Discharge Data Set and the Universal Minimum Health Data Set was helped by:
A) establishing guidelines for outcomes research.
B) identifying the contribution of nursing care to patient outcomes.
C) prescribing data elements to be monitored in outcomes research.
D) reporting financial and statistical data from hospitals.
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