Introduction to Anthropology Review
Questions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Anthropology offers a comprehensive overview of the study of humans, exploring humanity's biological evolution, cultural development, and social diversity across the globe. The course examines major subfields cultural anthropology, archaeology, biological anthropology, and linguistic anthropology providing students with foundational knowledge of human origins, kinship systems, belief structures, language, and cultural practices. Through ethnographic case studies, theoretical perspectives, and hands-on activities, students gain insights into how anthropologists investigate human societies past and present, and learn to appreciate the complexity and interconnectedness of human experiences.
Recommended Textbook
Mirror for Humanity A Concise Introduction to Cultural Anthropology 7th Edition by Conrad Phillip
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Chapter 1: What Is Anthropology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Anthropology's comparative, biocultural perspective
A)allows the inclusion of both biological and cultural approaches to comment or solve a particular issue or problem.
B)is the reason it has traditionally studied nonindustrialized societies.
C)is insignificant, since evolution is studied by biological anthropologists while culture is studied by cultural anthropologists.
D)is a product of the participant observation approach.
E)places it in the humanities.
Answer: A
Q2) Ethnology is
A)the study of human speech sounds.
B)the comparative, generalizing aspect of cultural anthropology.
C)the most important subfield of anthropology.
D)the study of ancient ethnic groups.
E)a synonym for ethnography.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) The word cat is a symbol.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) What mechanism of cultural change is responsible for pidgin English?
A)Enculturation
B)Acculturation
C)Independent invention
D)Migration
E)Diffusion
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following is a cultural universal?
A)Hypodescent
B)Hyperdescent
C)Bifurcate merging kinship terminologies
D)Transhumance
E)Some kind of family
Answer: E
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Chapter 3: Doing Anthropology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Interviews can help establish rapport with community members.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) When studying a culture today, anthropologists
A)must focus on one site at one point in time.
B)will not take photos of their informants due to privacy laws.
C)try to find cultures that have never been contacted by another culture.
D)must consider culture contact, external organizations, and power differentials and how they affect cultures.
E)only study cultures with no access to television.
Answer: D
Q3) What phenomenon does Kottak describe about his arrival in Arembepe, Brazil?
A)Culture shock
B)The ethnographic present
C)Survey techniques
D)Interview schedules
E)Bifocality of the local and the outside world
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Language and Communication
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Romance languages (e.g., French, Spanish) belong to which of the following language families?
A)Mixe-Zoque
B)Indo-European
C)North Caucasian
D)Dravidian
E)Austro-Asiatic
Q2) What is Quillpad?
A)A recording device for the recovery of endangered languages
B)A device that translates handwritten notes into typed text
C)A device that transcribes spoken text into typed text
D)A service that converts phonetically spelled South Asian languages into local-language script
E)A service that translates a Google page into the language of your choice
Q3) What are minimal pairs used to identify?
A)Phonemes
B)Phones
C)Aspiration
D)Allomorphs
E)Bound morphemes
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Chapter 5: Making a Living
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is a potlatch?
A)A festive event where the sponsors give away gifts and gain prestige in return
B)A fastening device for the first pottery to keep animals out of the food
C)A harvest festival in agricultural cultures
D)A lock for the outhouse that is shaped like a pot
E)A rite of intensification to solidify group bonds
Q2) How is a rent fund different from a subsistence fund? Cite examples to illustrate your argument.
Q3) Which of the following is found in all human societies?
A)Gender-based division of labor
B)Transhumance
C)Highly specialized technology
D)Domestication of animals for food
E)Terracing
Q4) Which of the following is associated with horticultural systems of cultivation?
A)Intensive use of land and human labor
B)Irrigation and terracing
C)Use of draft animals
D)Location in arid areas
E)Slash-and-burn techniques
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Political Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Population control in states refers to police and military forces.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is not typical of state societies?
A)A primarily foraging-based subsistence strategy
B)Class stratification
C)Boundary maintenance systems
D)Intensive agriculture
E)Fiscal systems
Q3) An age set is an example of a pantribal sodality.
A)True
B)False
Q4) For most of human history, people lived in societies characterized by what kind of sociopolitical organization?
A)Band
B)Tribe
C)Chiefdom
D)State
E)Complex chiefdom
Q5) What are the differences between open- and closed-class systems?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Families, Kinship, and Marriage
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your nuclear family includes you, your parents, and your grandparents.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In what way is exogamy adaptive?
A)It increases the number of individuals that one can rely on in times of need.
B)It increases the likelihood that disadvantageous alleles will find phenotypic expression and thus be eliminated from the population.
C)It impedes peaceful relations among social groups and therefore promotes population expansion.
D)It was an important causal factor in the origin of the state.
E)It reduces the gene pool of a community.
Q3) What is the name of the family in which a child is raised?
A)Family of procreation
B)Family of orientation
C)Family of nucleation
D)Levirate family
E)Sororate family
Q4) Why does bridewealth stabilize marriages?
Q5) What are the six things that Leach argued marriage can accomplish?
Q6) In what ways has industrialism affected North American family organization?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Gender
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Sample Questions
Q1) Women's status tends to be high in matrilineal-matrilocal societies.
A)True
B)False
Q2) More than half of American households with incomes below the poverty line
A)are patrifocal.
B)are extended.
C)are headed by men.
D)are headed by women.
E)are headed by grandparents.
Q3) Homosexual practices among the Etoro demonstrate that homosexuality is more pronounced in matrifocal societies.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the domestic-public dichotomy?
A)Strong differentiation between spheres of exchange
B)Strong differentiation between the secular and the sacred
C)Strong differentiation between elite and commoners
D)Strong differentiation between the home and the outside world
E)Strong differentiation between local and international trade
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Chapter 9: Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Religion is a cultural generality-that is, it is found in most, but not all, societies.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following statements about religions is not true?
A)Specific religious beliefs and practices vary cross-culturally.
B)Religion can be an instrument of societal change, even revolution.
C)Religion serves only to maintain social solidarity; it does not create or maintain social divisions.
D)Religion is a cultural universal.
E)State religions are presided over by full-time specialists.
Q3) What is the term for the marginal or in-between phase of a rite of passage?
A)Voodoo
B)Mana
C)Taboo
D)Liminality
E)Animism
Q4) Discuss two cases in which religion played an important role in social change.
Q5) How do you explain the universality of religion?
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Chapter 10: Ethnicity and Race
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Weber, what are the three dimensions of social stratification?
A)Means of production, mode of production, measure of production
B)Status, exchange, religion
C)Gender, ethnicity, race
D)Wealth, power, prestige
E)Age, gender, ethnicity
Q2) According to Marx, class consciousness results from
A)the persistence of ethic identities after ethnic "markers" (distinct clothing styles, etc.) have more or less disappeared.
B)an elaboration of diverse religious beliefs in industrialized societies.
C)peoples' recognition of cognatic kin beyond the boundaries of biological relatedness.
D)peoples' identification with groups based on common economic interests.
E)the gradual elaboration of gender-based differences first established during the period of peasant subsistence farming.
Q3) Industrialization and mass production have given rise to a culture of consumption.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Applying Anthropology
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is a "plural society"? According to Barth, what conditions contribute to the stability and endurance of ethnic boundaries?
Q2) Cultural colonialism is a process of external assimilation that occurs when a developing nation-state requests financial support from a First World nation-state.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What effects did colonialism and colonial nation-building have on "imagined communities" (e.g., ethnic groups, nationalities)? Illustrate your answer with specific examples.
Q4) Discrimination that is not legally sanctioned is known as A)ethnic discrimination.
B)prejudicial discrimination.
C)de jure discrimination.
D)de facto discrimination.
E)situational discrimination.
Q5) The hypodescent rule is applied to individuals who are racially "pure."
A)True B)False
Q6) Explain the notion of "imagined community."
Page 13
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Chapter 12: The World System and Colonialism
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Q1) What kind of disease theory underlies traditional understandings of susto?
A)Personalistic
B)Naturalistic
C)Biomedical
D)Emotionalistic
E)Tribal
Q2) Cultural resource management is an example of applied
A)ethnology.
B)biological anthropology.
C)archaeology.
D)linguistic anthropology.
E)ethnography.
Q3) Human societies are becoming increasingly urban.What are (or will be) some of the effects of increased urbanization? Where are these effects most pronounced? What contributions can applied anthropologists make to urban planning?
Q4) In his comparison of rural and urban communities, Redfield found that cultural innovations spread from urban areas to rural ones.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Anthropologys Role in a Globalizing World
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Sample Questions
Q1) What does it mean for people to live mulitlocally?
A)Migrants maintain ties with their native lands through phoning, e-mailing, visiting, sending money, and watching ethnic TV.
B)Individuals from warm climates move north to work during the summer, but move home in the winter.
C)The indigenous people of a colonized country maintain their own customs while assimilating to the dominant culture.
D)Families split and live in two different countries to gain the benefits of both.
E)Offspring live in multiple countries.
Q2) Which of the following is not true of postmodernism?
A)It originally described a style and movement in architecture.
B)It rejects rules, geometric order, and austerity.
C)It has a clear and functional design or structure.
D)It draws on a diversity of styles from different times and places.
E)It extends "value" well beyond classic, elite, and Western cultural forms.
Q3) Acculturation can occur with or without firsthand contact between groups.
A)True
B)False
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