Chapter 1: Introducing Government in America
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Q1) Describe the relationship between age and voter turnout.
Answer: The relationship between age and voter turnout is complex and can be influenced by various factors. Generally, research has shown that older individuals are more likely to vote compared to younger individuals. This could be due to a number of reasons, including higher levels of political interest and engagement, a stronger sense of civic duty, and more established social and financial stability.
However, it's important to note that this relationship is not absolute. There are many young people who are actively engaged in the political process and who consistently turn out to vote, while there are also older individuals who choose not to participate in elections. Additionally, voter turnout can also vary by election type and specific circumstances, so it's not solely determined by age.
Overall, while age can be a factor in predicting voter turnout, it's just one of many variables that can influence an individual's decision to participate in the democratic process.
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Chapter 2: The Constitution
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Q1) Madison was most fearful of tyranny of the _________; one result in the U.S.Constitution was the _______________.
A)minority; Bill of Rights
B)majority; Bill of Rights
C)minority; separation of powers
D)majority; separation of powers
E)minority; direct elections of the U.S. House of Representatives
Answer: D
Q2) A constitution is a nation's basic law.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) According to James Madison,the "most common and durable source of factions" was
A)the unequal division of property.
B)urban and rural divisions.
C)aristocracy.
D)the British army.
E)racial inequalities.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Federalism
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Q1) The supremacy clause
A)establishes the Constitution,laws of the national government,and treaties as the supreme law of the land.
B)establishes the Supreme Court as the final arbiter in all civil and criminal disputes.
C)declares that the national government is superior to the states in every concern.
D)states that powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution,nor prohibited by the states,are reserved to the states.
E)states that the people are the supreme authority in the United States and that the government shall be subservient to them.
Answer: A
Q2) Only the national government is allowed to A)levy taxes.
B)regulate commerce with foreign nations.
C)take private property for public purposes.
D)make and enforce laws.
E)Only the national government is allowed to do all of these.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Civil Liberties and Public Policy
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Q1) How have issues like prayer and Bible reading in public schools been settled by the Supreme Court,and why? How high would you construct the "wall of separation" between church and state,and why?
Q2) The First Amendment prohibits an established national religion.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The Bill of Rights was written and proposed by
A)the United States Supreme Court in 1796.
B)the First Congress of the United States in 1789.
C)the Constitutional Convention in 1787.
D)President George Washington in 1789.
E)President Thomas Jefferson in 1801.
Q4) Before making an arrest,police need what the Constitution calls "probable cause" to believe that someone is guilty of a crime.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In what ways might the further expansion of individual liberties require an expansion-rather than a limitation-of the scope of government?
Q6) What is the exclusionary rule and how has it been used by the Supreme Court?
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Civil Rights and Public Policy
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Q1) What is meant by the principle of comparable worth? How can this be achieved?
Q2) The White primary
A)was the examination voters had to pass before being allowed to vote,designed to prevent Blacks from voting because they had been denied educational opportunities.
B)denied Blacks the right to run for office in primary elections in the South.
C)excluded Blacks from primary elections,thus depriving them of a voice in the real electoral contests in the South.
D)denied Blacks the right to vote in all southern elections.
E)allowed Blacks to vote only in Republican primaries in the heavily Democratic South.
Q3) Sexual harassment is prohibited by
A)Title IX of the Education Act of 1972.
B)Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
C)the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
D)the Thirteenth Amendment.
E)the Nineteenth Amendment
Q4) Should women be required to register for the draft,as is the case with men? Is this an instance of gender discrimination?
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Chapter 6: Public Opinion and Political Action
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Q1) Martin Luther King,Jr.'s "Letter from a Birmingham Jail" is a classic defense of A)protest.
B)violence.
C)civil disobedience.
D)law and order.
E)antiwar philosophy.
Q2) When it comes to questions about the scope of government,
A)more Americans today believe that government is getting too powerful compared to Americans in the mid-1960s.
B)most Americans report never having thought about the scope of government power.
C)a plurality of Americans support more government spending on programs such as education,health care,protecting the environment,and fighting crime.
D)many Americans oppose big government in principle but favor it in practice.
E)All of the above are true.
Q3) The 2000 census found that for the first time,Hispanics outnumbered African Americans as the largest minority population in the U.S.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: The Mass Media and the Political Agenda
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Q1) Since 1996,FCC rules have stipulated that no single owner can control more than _____ percent of the broadcast market.
A)5
B)15
C)25
D)35
E)45
Q2) Which of the following statements about TV news coverage is TRUE?
A)The three major networks combined devoted an average of 12.6 minutes per night to the 2000 presidential contest,just one-half of the time devoted to the 1992 campaign.
B)The three major networks combined devoted an average of 24.6 minutes per night to the 2000 presidential contests,double the amount of time devoted to the 1992 campaign.
C)Ratings pressure for the three major TV networks has led to an increase in the amount of time devoted to political coverage.
D)In 2000,most voters relied on network TV coverage to hear the presidential candidates deliver their messages.
E)Both b and c are true.
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Chapter 8: Political Parties
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Q1) There are three dimensions to political parties: the party in the electorate,the party as an organization,and the party in government.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The election of 1828 that brought Andrew Jackson to the presidency was significant because it
A)began the ascendancy of the New Deal coalition around the Democratic Party.
B)marked the rise of the Whigs.
C)was the first time the Republican Party controlled Congress.
D)forged a new political coalition.
E)marked the beginning of the dominance of northern industrialists.
Q3) Primaries that allow voters to decide on Election Day whether they want to participate in the Democratic or Republican contests are called
A)open primaries.
B)closed primaries.
C)blanket primaries.
D)political primaries.
E)party machine primaries.
Q4) What was the importance of the election of 1896?
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Chapter 9: Campaigns and Voting Behavior
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Q1) What are the primary criticisms of the nomination system? What are some suggestions to reform the system?
Q2) Network television news coverage of national party conventions has
A)dramatically increased in response to the growing significance of national conventions in selecting presidential and vice presidential candidates.
B)dramatically decreased in response to the declining significance of national conventions in selecting presidential and vice presidential candidates.
C)experienced drastically larger audiences than news coverage of national party conventions in earlier decades.
D)outpaced audience viewing of popular events,such as the Super Bowl.
E)generally been limited to one major broadcast station,such as CBS or NBC.
Q3) It is possible for the Electoral College to choose a president who did not win a majority of the popular vote.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are matching funds? Where do they come from? Why have recent candidates,including John McCain and Barack Obama in 2008,forgone matching funds?
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Chapter 10: Interest Groups
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Q1) An advantage for small groups is that
A)free riders can be forced out of the organization,creating more unity.
B)it is easier to reconcile divergent interests in small groups.
C)there is more at stake for each member,making it easier to organize and activate all members.
D)collective goods do not have to share with the big interests.
E)they are able to "hide" in the political process so that opposing groups are not able to organize against them.
Q2) What is Olson's law of large groups?
Q3) Interest groups differ from political parties because
A)parties use technology more effectively.
B)groups tend to be policy specialists while parties tend to be policy generalists.
C)the groups' main arena is the electoral system.
D)parties seek many access points in government.
E)parties use technology less effectively.
Q4) Right-to-work laws outlaw union membership as a condition of employment.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are the key differences between interest groups and political parties?
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Chapter 11: Congress
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Q1) Party leaders who work with the majority or minority leader to count votes beforehand and lean on waverers whose votes are crucial to a bill favored by the party are called
A)whips.
B)speakers.
C)pork barrellers.
D)PACs.
E)filibusterers.
Q2) Women comprised approximately 17 percent of the 111th Congress.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The House Rules Committee reviews most bills coming from a House committee before the bills go to the full House.
A)True
B)False
Q4) More than 90 percent of the incumbents in the House of Representatives seeking reelection win.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the role of lobbyists in the lawmaking process.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: The Presidency
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Q1) The House must vote by simple majority in order to impeach a president.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following statements about the relationship between the presidency and the press is FALSE?
A)The person who most often deals with the press from the White House is the president's press secretary.
B)Reporters tend to focus on the most visible layer of the president's personal and official activities,also called the "body watch."
C)Recent studies of the news media have shown that the news is systematically biased toward the Democratic Party and toward Democratic presidents.
D)News coverage of the presidency tends to emphasize the negative.
E)The media are an important intermediary helping to interpret and analyze presidential activities for the public.
Q3) Explain the factors that affect presidential leadership of Congress.Why are some presidents more effective than others at leading Congress?
Q4) What is "going public" and how and why do presidents do it?
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Chapter 13: The Federal Bureaucracy
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Q1) All regulations contain each of the following elements EXCEPT
A)a grant of power and set of directions from Congress.
B)some means of enforcing compliance with congressional goals and agency regulations.
C)presidential oversight and control of enforcement.
D)a set of rules and guidelines by the regulatory agency itself.
E)None of these; all are elements of the regulatory process.
Q2) The ________ Act was passed partly as a memorial to the memory of President James Garfield,who was assassinated in 1881.
A)Pendleton Civil Service
B)Treason
C)Voting Rights
D)Hatch
E)Interstate Commerce
Q3) What is known as the "granddaddy" of the government corporations?
A)The Tennessee Valley Authority
B)The U.S. Postal Service
C)Amtrak
D)General Services Administration
E)National Science Foundation
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Chapter 14: The Federal Courts
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Q1) The justification used by federal courts primarily to avoid deciding cases regarding conflicts between the president and Congress is known as the doctrine of
A)judicial activism.
B)political questions.
C)independent grounds.
D)stare decisis.
E)judicial restraint.
Q2) All courts rely heavily upon ________,the way similar cases were handled in the past,as a guide to current decisions.
A)writs of certiorari
B)writs of mandamus
C)precedent
D)original intent
E)amicus curiae
Q3) Amicus curiae briefs may only be filed by formal litigants in a particular case being heard by the Supreme Court.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain the importance of amicus curiae briefs.
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Politics of Taxing and Spending
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Q1) Because wealthier Americans pay higher rates of income taxes than others,the federal income tax is an example of a A)progressive tax.
B)regressive tax.
C)liberal tax.
D)user-based tax.
E)flat tax.
Q2) Explain what is meant by a budget deficit.
Q3) What are the challenges facing the future of Social Security?
Q4) An excess of federal expenditures over federal revenues is called a A)budget.
B)deficit.
C)tax.
D)debt.
E)tax expenditure.
Q5) Corporate taxes yield more revenues than do individual taxes. A)True
B)False
Q6) What was the result of the Supreme Court's decision in the case of Pollock v.Farmer's Loan and Trust Co.(1895)? Page 17
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Chapter 16: Social Welfare Policymaking
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Q1) Which of the following is funded through payroll taxes on employers and employees?
A)Social Security
B)Family and Medical Leave Act
C)Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIPs)
D)Supplementary Security Income (SSI)
E)All of these are funded through payroll taxes.
Q2) The gap between the rich and the poor is smaller today than it was in the middle of the twentieth century.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which law,signed by President Bill Clinton in 1996,proposed to "end welfare as we know it"?
A)Social Security Act
B)Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act
C)Aid to Families with Dependent Children
D)Children Health Insurance Program
E)Earned Income Tax Credit
Q4) What,according to Martin Giles,explains Americans' dislike of welfare policies?
Q5) How do Americans view responsibility for social welfare?
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Chapter 17: National Security Policymaking
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Q1) The United Nations was created in A)1789. B)1865. C)1919.
D)1945. E)1967.
Q2) Karl von Clausewitz called war a "continuation of politics by other means." A)True B)False
Q3) The president is the chief initiator of U.S.foreign policy. A)True B)False
Q4) Usually,for economic sanctions to succeed,they need broad international support. A)True B)False
Q5) Why did the United States become involved in the Vietnam War? What were the central concerns and/or the dominant doctrines that shaped our involvement?
Q6) According to Nye,soft power is often crucial to national security. A)True B)False
Page 20
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