Industrial and Organizational Psychology
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Industrial and Organizational Psychology is the scientific study of human behavior in organizations and the workplace. This course explores key concepts and practices related to personnel selection, employee motivation, training and development, performance appraisal, job satisfaction, leadership, and organizational culture. Students will analyze how psychological principles are applied to improve individual and group performance, enhance employee well-being, and optimize organizational effectiveness. Emphasis is placed on research methods, ethical considerations, and the practical challenges faced by professionals in the field of industrial and organizational psychology.
Recommended Textbook
Organizational Behavior Improving Performance and Commitment in the Workplace 6th Edition
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16 Chapters
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Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is Organizational Behavior?
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ji-woo is interested in the effects of the choice of reward on employee motivation. She knows that there have been several studies done on this subject and compares their results looking for an average correlation. Ji-woo is conducting a
A) meta-analysis.
B) mediocre analysis.
C) medial analysis.
D) remedial analysis.
E) moderated analysis.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following individual characteristics illustrated in the integrative model of OB reflect the various traits and tendencies that describe how people act, with commonly studied traits including extraversion, conscientiousness, and collectivism?
A) trust, justice, and ethics
B) learning and decision making
C) personality and cultural values
D) job performance and organizational commitment
E) organizational structure and organizational culture
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Job Performance
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Sample Questions
Q1) A week ago, Manny wrecked a company car when another driver pulled out in front of him, and once he threw away about a hundred dollars' worth of perfectly good office supplies while clearing out an old storage cabinet. Yet his supervisors have not held either action against him. Why is this most likely the case?
A) These acts were unintentional and therefore are not considered counterproductive behavior.
B) Manny is already receiving professional help for his tendency toward counterproductive behavior.
C) Manny is such a good performer at the company that he can get away with counterproductive behavior.
D) Manny has connections to the company's leadership and therefore will not be blamed for counterproductive behavior.
E) These acts were the result of Manny's personal problems and therefore are not considered counterproductive behavior.
Answer: A
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4
Chapter 3: Organizational Commitment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Employees categorized as citizens demonstrate the highest levels of organizational commitment and behave in an active, constructive manner.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Lamar works for the United Bank at Madison. He feels overworked and dislikes his job, but he cannot quit because he needs the job to repay his college loans. What type of commitment does Lamar have?
A) continuance commitment
B) normative commitment
C) affective commitment
D) cognitive commitment
E) intuitive commitment
Answer: A
Q3) Affective commitment exists when there is a sense that staying is the "right" or "moral" thing to do.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Job Satisfaction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of the five facets of value-percept theory, if job satisfaction had to increase to a large extent, which facet should be given high priority for improvement?
A) pay satisfaction
B) promotion satisfaction
C) supervision satisfaction
D) coworker satisfaction
E) satisfaction with the work itself
Q2) People often describe flow as being "in the zone" and report heightened states of clarity, control, and concentration. In which of the following scenarios would the person involved most likely experience a flow state?
A) Ibuki stands at a machine, punching out the same parts day after day.
B) Hyata enjoys research even though his present research task is not demanding.
C) Mark has been trying to create a good project proposal, but he feels out of his depth.
D) Leslie has been using her skills to write a proposal for a project that will be challenging.
E) Louise has been stamping envelopes for hours, a task she finds repetitive and boring.
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Chapter 5: Stress
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Sample Questions
Q1) Social support refers to the help that people receive when they are confronted with stressful demands.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Hindrance stressors have a ________ relationship with organizational commitment.
A) weak positive
B) strong negative
C) strong positive
D) moderate negative
E) moderate positive
Q3) Describe the nature of hindrance stressors, and give one example each of three different hindrance stressors.
Q4) When people first encounter stressors, the process of primary appraisal is triggered.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Supportive practices are one way of helping employees cope with stressful demands.
A)True
B)False
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Motivation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Merit pay represents the most common element of organizational compensation plans.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Maitlyn has discovered that almost all of her co-workers are just there to collect a paycheck, and few of them feel as though they are motivated intrinsically. Maitlyn feels she should bring this to the attention of upper management so they can make some changes. Define psychological empowerment, and using Maitlyn's situation, identify the four concepts that can make work tasks intrinsically motivating, and explain each concept.
Q3) How do employees make the choices that take them in the "right direction"? Justify your answer with the help of expectancy theory.
Q4) ________ is the cognitive groupings or clusters of outcomes that are viewed as having critical psychological or physiological consequences.
A) Instrumentality
B) Valence
C) Equity
D) Expectancy
E) Needs
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Chapter 7: Trust, Justice, and Ethics
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ is the willingness to be vulnerable to an authority based on positive expectations about the authority's actions and intentions.
A) Trust
B) Credence
C) Consensus
D) Ethics
E) Proximity
Q2) The legal component of corporate social responsibility argues that the law represents society's codification of right and wrong and must, therefore, be followed.
A)True
B)False
Q3) ________ is the third step in the four-component model of ethical decision making and reflects an authority's degree of commitment to the moral course of action.
A) Moral attentiveness
B) Moral awareness
C) Moral intensity
D) Moral judgment
E) Moral intent
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9
Chapter 8: Learning and Decision Making
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ is when we attribute our failures to external factors and our successes to internal factors.
A) The ratio bias effect
B) The self-serving bias
C) The gambler's fallacy
D) Escalation of commitment
E) The fundamental attribution error
Q2) Learning refers to the process of generating and choosing from a set of alternatives to solve a problem.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Learning is moderately correlated with task performance.
A)True
B)False
Q4) For positive reinforcement to be successful, employees needs to see a direct link between their behavior and the desired outcome.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss the relationships among learning, experience, and decision making.
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Chapter 9: Personality and Cultural Values
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Big Five personality dimension ________ is a key driver of what's referred to as typical performance, which reflects performance in the routine conditions that surround daily job tasks.
A) neuroticism
B) conscientiousness
C) extraversion
D) openness to experience
E) agreeableness
Q2) Chance lives in Louisiana on a boat he built. Chance is good at carpentry and electrical work. According to the RIASEC model, the ________ type of personality dimension best describes Chance.
A) artistic
B) realistic
C) enterprising
D) conventional
E) investigative
Q3) Describe each of the Big Five dimensions. Which dimension has the biggest influence on job performance? Explain.
Q4) Explain the principle of situational strength and principle of trait activation.
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Chapter 10: Ability
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the context of abilities, which of the following is True regarding the relative influence of genes and the environment?
A) Genes play a greater role than the environment.
B) The amount attributed to genes or the environment depends on the nature of the ability.
C) Environment plays a role only when it is deficient.
D) Environment plays a greater role than genes.
E) Genes play a marginal role, but environment plays no role.
Q2) Using general rules to solve problems is referred to as ________ reasoning.
A) probabilistic
B) quantitative
C) deductive
D) inductive
E) spatial
Q3) ________ ability is a strong predictor of task performance.
A) Emotional
B) General cognitive
C) Spatial
D) Psychomotor
E) Sensory
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Chapter 11: Teams: Characteristics and Diversity
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Sample Questions
Q1) To assure a high level of goal interdependence, a team should have
A) a formalized mission statement.
B) an organizational chart.
C) clear expectations.
D) explicitly assigned roles.
E) high outcome interdependence.
Q2) Which of the following is an example of a function of an action team?
A) Art and Raul lead the rescue effort when their company's coal mine collapses.
B) Shelly and Jenny divide the tasks associated with assembling the refrigerators on their line.
C) James and Michael form a committee to purchase new busses for the school corporation.
D) Bruce and Brad work to improve the durability of the battery covers their company makes.
E) Han and Otto correspond via electronic means to coordinate product development in two countries.
Q3) Team members prefer low task interdependent situations when there is low outcome interdependence.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Teams: Processes and Communication
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which two network structures fall between the extremes in terms of the level of centralization?
A) all-channel networks and circle networks
B) circle networks and wheel networks
C) Y networks and wheel networks
D) circle networks and Y networks
E) all-channel networks and wheel networks
Q2) How are taskwork processes different from teamwork processes?
Q3) Which of the following is True about competency in conflict resolution?
A) It coordinates and synchronizes activities among team members.
B) It helps establish specific and difficult goals for the team.
C) It understands communication networks.
D) It can identify situations requiring participative problem solving.
E) It can distinguish between desirable and undesirable conflict.
Q4) Transition processes are relevant before the team actually begins to conduct the core aspects of its work; they have no role between periods of work activity.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain how information richness influences the communication process.
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Chapter 13: Leadership: Power and Negotiation
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Sample Questions
Q1) When the requestor clearly explains why performing a request will benefit the target personally, this is the influence tactic known as
A) coalition.
B) exchange.
C) apprising.
D) ingratiation.
E) personal appeals.
Q2) Diane and Tia had two conflicting ideas regarding how to relaunch their restaurant to a new market. Tia favored a flashy, after-hours club atmosphere, whereas Diane proposed a more middle-class look and feel. At one point, the tension between them seemed about to escalate, but then Diane gave in and suggested that they go with Tia's plan. Diane used the ________ style of conflict resolution.
A) accommodating
B) collaborating
C) compromise
D) competing
E) avoiding
Q3) Differentiate between mediation and arbitration.
Q4) Identify the five types of power and discuss each, with examples.
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Chapter 14: Leadership: Styles and Behaviors
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the style of decision making whereby the leader plays no role in deliberations unless asked?
A) directive
B) autocratic
C) delegative
D) facilitative
E) consultative
Q2) According to research on the time-driven model of leadership, which leadership style seems to be overused by managers?
A) autocratic
B) consultative
C) delegative
D) facilitative
E) negotiative
Q3) Transformational leadership is more strongly related to unit-focused measures of leadership effectiveness than most other leadership forms.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the training methods that can be used to create more effective leaders.
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Chapter 15: Organizational Structure
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following examples illustrates a functional structure?
A) Linda's Pet Grooming has eight employees that all report to Linda.
B) Rio Riffic has a hydraulics division, a PVC division, and a fixtures division.
C) AB Aeronautics has a private division, a commercial division, and a government division.
D) BG Limited has a Pacific Northwest division, a Midwest division, and a Northeast Division.
E) Handy Homes has a financial department, a production department, and a sales department.
Q2) Restructuring an organization has a positive impact on task performance because restructuring helps employees view their jobs in new and exciting ways.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Briefly describe the effect of restructuring on job performance and organizational commitment.
Q4) Define span of control. Describe the relationship between a span of control and organizational performance.
Q5) Differentiate between mechanistic and organic structures.
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Chapter 16: Organizational Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) The physical layout of workspaces, dress codes, and the level of technology used are all examples of ________ that are represented by the organization's culture.
A) core values
B) cultural diversity
C) personal dynamics
D) observable artifacts
E) operational capacity
Q2) What is meant by person-organization fit? What are its advantages?
Q3) Creativity cultures affect the quality, but not the quantity, of creative ideas within an organization.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Socialization happens in five relatively distinct stages.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss the encounter stage of the socialization process.
Q6) Subcultures unite a smaller subset of the organization's employees.
A)True
B)False
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