Human Society and Behavior
Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
This course examines the foundational principles of human society and the complex patterns of behavior that shape social interactions. Through an interdisciplinary approach, students will explore topics such as social organization, cultural norms, group dynamics, identity formation, and the influence of institutions on individual and collective behavior. By analyzing theories and case studies from sociology, psychology, and anthropology, the course provides insight into how societal structures and cultural contexts impact personal and group actions, while fostering an understanding of the forces that drive social change and cohesion.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Sociology 6th Edition by Richard P. Appelbaum
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1118 Verified Questions
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Chapter 1: Sociology: Theory and Method
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78 Verified Questions
78 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Theorists of ________, such as Auguste Comte and Émile Durkheim, compared societies to the workings of a human body.
A) functionalism
B) postmodern theory
C) feminist theory
D) symbolic interactionism
Answer: A
Q2) The German sociologist Max Weber was highly influential in sociology for his studies of:
A) the French Constituent Assembly.
B) hunter-gatherer societies.
C) bureaucracy.
D) urban planning.
Answer: C
Q3) Society, according to Karl Marx, was:
A) a fully functioning grouping of social equals.
B) primarily divided by social class.
C) at its historical apex.
D) a reflection of the mind of God.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Culture and Society
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70 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Chen studies the process through which Brazil is shifting from workers mostly working in fields and living in rural villages to people living in cities and working in factories, offices, and the like. He is noting how Brazil is becoming a(n) ________ society.
A) pastoral
B) agrarian
C) industrial
D) postmodern
Answer: C
Q2) ________ are widely agreed-upon principles or rules people are expected to observe; they represent the dos and don'ts of social life.
A) Norms
B) Material goods
C) Values
D) Sanctions
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Socialization, the Life Course, and Aging
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67 Verified Questions
67 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) At Sally's birthday party, her mother reminded her to say "thank you" every time she opened a present from a friend. Sally's mom was engaging in the process of:
A) ageism.
B) socialization.
C) life course development.
D) resocialization.
Answer: B
Q2) What did researchers do to realize children are now consuming 7.5 hours of media per day?
A) They expanded the definition of media to include music, the Internet, social networks, and video games.
B) They looked at children from all socioeconomic backgrounds.
C) They measured how much media children consumed at night, after their parents had gone to bed.
D) They connected media consumption to food consumption.
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Social Interaction and Everyday Life in the Age
of the Internet
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Sample Questions
Q1) Trevor takes the subway to and from work. He usually wears his headphones and listens to his music on the subway. He is careful not to bump shoulders with the passengers next to him when he is standing on the crowded train. Trevor engages in ________ on the subway.
A) social positioning
B) focused interaction
C) impression management
D) unfocused interaction
Q2) The sociologist who developed the field of microsociology and emphasized the importance of understanding the seemingly trivial aspects of everyday social behavior was:
A) Erving Goffman.
B) Elijah Anderson.
C) Émile Durkheim.
D) Karl Marx.
Q3) The social positions that a person occupies determine that person's:
A) social roles.
B) ideas.
C) gender identity.
D) racial identity.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Groups, Networks, and Organizations
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Sample Questions
Q1) One advantage that modern large organizations have over traditional formal bureaucracies is that:
A) their incorporation of information technology allows them to hire more workers.
B) due to increasing use of technology, modern organizations are more hierarchical.
C) increased technology allows workers in modern organizations to work fewer hours.
D) modern organizations today are more flexible and decentralized.
Q2) Which of the following is a social group?
A) members of a sorority
B) everyone in your sociology class who has blond hair
C) people waiting at Terminal C for Flight 181
D) passengers on a cruise ship
Q3) Until the late twentieth century, organizational studies largely ignored:
A) organizational size.
B) dysfunctions of bureaucracy.
C) the physical setting of organizations.
D) gender relations.
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Chapter 6: Conformity, Deviance, and Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) Two groups of boys, one working class and the other middle class, engage in equal amounts of delinquent activity. The members of one group are considered "boys being boys," and the members of the other are considered "troublemakers." Which of the following theories best explains this difference?
A) strain theory
B) differential association theory
C) control theory
D) labeling theory
Q2) Offenses committed by large corporations in society are called:
A) elite crime.
B) bureaucratic crime.
C) corporate crime.
D) crime syndicate.
Q3) Which of the following countries has the highest incarceration rate?
A) China
B) Japan
C) France
D) United States
Q4) Why have efforts to significantly decrease the supply of illegal drugs in the United States failed?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Stratification, Class, and Inequality
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a person moves from one position in a class structure to a nearly identical position, the person is said to experience:
A) short-range downward mobility.
B) long-range downward mobility.
C) declining mobility.
D) across-position mobility.
Q2) Wealth and income are both important determinants of social class. Which of the following best characterizes the relationship between wealth and income in the United States?
A) Income disparities between rich and poor have increased in the past three decades, whereas wealth disparities have decreased during the same time.
B) Wealthy people almost always inherited their money; thus there is no relationship between wealth and income.
C) The same factors that limit people's incomes also limit their ability to accumulate wealth.
D) Whereas race, education, and age influence income, wealth is independent of these variables.
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Chapter 8: Global Inequality
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Sample Questions
Q1) State-centered theories of global inequality and economic development argue:
A) that state involvement in the economy interferes with prosperity.
B) that appropriate government policies do not interfere with economic development but rather can play a key role in bringing it about.
C) that the state is constructed in such a way that it must impede development.
D) that any economic theory should be focused solely on state actors and political action.
Q2) Jian Mei explains in her work that philosophy led to economic development in many of east Asia's newly industrializing economies. She is likely referring to:
A) the role of Confucianism in encouraging obedience, loyalty, and thrift.
B) the ways that Zen stresses letting go of emotion.
C) how Christianity spread to east Asia through European missionaries.
D) the enforced atheism of communist China and its stress on the importance of money.
Q3) What is the role of technology in deepening existing global inequalities? Please explain in three to five sentences.
Q4) In three to five sentences, describe how world-systems theory explains global inequality.
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Chapter 9: Gender Inequality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Child-care work is considered "women's work," and construction work is considered "men's work." Child-care workers generally make less than construction workers. This situation exemplifies:
A) masculinity.
B) the glass escalator.
C) gender typing.
D) the glass ceiling.
Q2) According to the textbook, in Navajo culture, the nádleehí, male-bodied people with feminine natures:
A) are considered especially honorable.
B) are devalued.
C) cross-dress because they consider cross-dressing erotic.
D) were banned from Navajo society.
Q3) In the United States, men generally have more status, power, and prestige than women. This is an example of:
A) gender conformity.
B) matriarchy.
C) masculinity.
D) gender inequality.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Ethnicity and Race
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Sample Questions
Q1) In American Apartheid (1993), Douglas Massey and Nancy A. Denton argue that ________ is/are responsible for the perpetuation of black poverty and the continued polarization of black and white people.
A) the history of racial segregation
B) impersonal market forces
C) the biological inferiority of blacks
D) the cultural inferiority of blacks
Q2) More than 99 percent of the people in the United States are descended from: A) immigrants.
B) Europeans.
C) Africans.
D) Native Americans.
Q3) Which category of full-time workers had the lowest weekly earnings in 2012?
A) Latina women
B) white women
C) black men
D) white men
Q4) According to the textbook, Cuban Americans are relatively more successful than Mexican Americans. How can this difference be explained? Please answer in a few sentences.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Families and Intimate Relationships
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Sample Questions
Q1) Members of the Native American Standing Rock Sioux tribe share history and bonds based on a common lineage of blood relatives. This form of relationship is also known as:
A) cohabitation.
B) a household.
C) kinship.
D) a village.
Q2) Which general perspective has been most concerned with the domestic division of labor, unequal power relationships, and caring activities in the family?
A) functionalism
B) Marxism
C) feminism
D) symbolic interactionism
Q3) It was common in Ladakhi society for brothers to share one wife. This type of marriage is an example of:
A) monogamy.
B) polygyny.
C) polyandry.
D) patrilocality.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Education and Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Contrary to Karl Marx, Max Weber believed that ________ was the source of the capitalistic outlook found in the modern West.
A) Buddhism
B) Protestantism
C) materialism
D) Confucianism
Q2) Why are sociologists so concerned with the social organization of religion?
A) Religion is the primary source of the development of the economy, which sociologists consider the most important building block of any society.
B) Religion is among the most important institutions in society and is a primary source of the deepest-seated norms and values.
C) Sociologists view religion as a repressive force, and sociologists value open societies.
D) Religion is the institution that determines our basic understandings of ourselves, such as gender, race, nationality, and other markers of identity.
Q3) What is the theory of religious economy? Please explain your answer in three to five sentences.
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14
Chapter 13: Politics and Economic Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Amal and Bridget both work in the same company; Amal is a full-time worker, and Bridget is a temporary worker. Based on this information, which of the following statements is most likely to be true?
A) Bridget has a higher salary than Amal.
B) Amal shirks her responsibilities more than Bridget.
C) Bridget has more paid vacation time than Amal.
D) Amal is covered by medical insurance from the company, but Bridget is not.
Q2) Jennifer works in a factory that manufactures microwave ovens. During her eight-hour shift, she tightens four screws on each unit that passes on an assembly line belt. She performs this task on more than 1,500 microwave ovens per day. Her work is an example of whose innovation in industry?
A) Max Weber
B) Karl Marx
C) Joseph Schumpeter
D) Henry Ford
Q3) In a short paragraph, compare and contrast pluralist theories of modern democracy and the power elite model.
Q4) In a short paragraph, explain why unions in the United States have suffered from a decline in membership since the 1980s.
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Chapter 14: The Sociology of the Body: Health, Illness, and Sexuality
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73 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the textbook, which of the following terms is incorrectly used, is misleading, and should be avoided?
A) sexual desire
B) sexual orientation
C) sexual preference
D) sexual partner
Q2) What are some of the important contributions of Alfred Kinsey's research on sexuality? Please explain your answer in a short paragraph.
Q3) In three to five sentences, explain what sexual orientation is.
Q4) Which of the following people would most likely practice alternative medicine?
A) an oncologist
B) a chiropractor
C) a pediatrician
D) a cardiologist
Q5) What is the biomedical model of health? Please explain your answer in three to five sentences.
Q6) In a short paragraph, describe changes in sexual practices over the past two centuries.
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Q7) In three to five sentences, compare complementary and alternative medicine.
Chapter 15: Urbanization, Population, and the Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the 2010 U.S. Census, Waukee, an area located outside Iowa's capital city of Des Moines, is 98.17 percent white. If suburbs are increasingly becoming "majority minority," what explains Waukee's demographics?
A) Waukee has a white mayor, which makes it less welcoming to residents of color. B) Waukee is an exurb, not a suburb, so it is one of the few places that remain majority white.
C) Suburbs in the Midwest are generally exempt from the "majority minority" pattern. D) Waukee has a lower average income compared to surrounding areas.
Q2) According to one popular website, Global Footprint, seven planets would be required for all people on earth to somehow achieve the standard of living of the average American. Given that we only have one planet, what do you think will be required to make the transition from current processes of environmental degradation to sustainable development? Explain your answer in three to five sentences.
Q3) Why is gentrification considered an urban problem? In three to five sentences, explain what happens to residents of a neighborhood when it goes through the process of gentrification.
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Chapter 16: Globalization in a Changing World
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Neil Smelser, social movements are motivated by:
A) political breakdown.
B) clashes of goals.
C) an inspirational leader.
D) a response to social conditions.
Q2) Consider Smelser's Structural Strain framework for understanding the origins of collective action. Describe and contrast structural strain and generalized beliefs and ideologies, explaining how each factor might contribute to the likelihood of collective action.
Q3) According to Charles Tilly's model, what are the four main components of collective action? Provide detailed examples of each component to fully illustrate your understanding of Tilly's model.
Q4) According to globalization skeptics, compared with patterns of trade a century ago:
A) the world economy has not changed much.
B) the world economy is more global and less regionalized.
C) the world economy is less global and more regionalized.
D) there is less trade because there are too many types of currency.
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