Human Neurobiology
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Human Neurobiology explores the structure and function of the human nervous system, with a focus on the biological basis of neural processes underlying behavior, sensation, movement, and cognition. The course examines the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neuron function, synaptic transmission, and neuroplasticity, as well as the organization of neural circuits and systems in the brain and spinal cord. Key topics include sensory systems, motor control, neurodevelopment, neurological disorders, and current research techniques in neurobiology. Through lectures, readings, and practical activities, students develop a comprehensive understanding of how the nervous system governs human physiology and behavior.
Recommended Textbook
Biological Psychology 13th Edition by James W. Kalat
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
14 Chapters
1750 Verified Questions
1750 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/213 Page 2
Chapter 1: Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/3133
Sample Questions
Q1) Santiago Ramón y Cajal used special staining techniques to reveal that the brain is composed of individual cells.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Ribosomes are the part of a cell that ____.
A) performs metabolic activities
B) breaks down harmful chemicals
C) transports proteins
D) synthesizes new proteins
Answer: D
Q3) The structure that contains a cell's chromosomes is called the ____.
A) endoplasmic reticulum
B) nucleus
C) mitochondrion
D) ribosome
Answer: B
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 3
Chapter 2: Synapses
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/3134
Sample Questions
Q1) Temporal summation most likely occurs with ____.
A) infrequent, subthreshold excitation
B) rapid succession of stimuli that each exceed threshold
C) infrequent, inhibitory stimuli
D) rapid succession of subthreshold excitation
Answer: D
Q2) What happens when a neurotransmitter is released by a presynaptic cell?
A) It causes calcium to rush into the presynaptic neuron.
B) It causes calcium to rush into the postsynaptic neuron.
C) The neurotransmitter passively spreads across the synaptic cleft.
D) The neurotransmitter is actively transported across the synaptic cleft.
Answer: C
Q3) Reuptake is an alternative to which other process?
A) Recycling of neurotransmitters
B) Breaking down neurotransmitters via an enzymatic process
C) Absorbing neurotransmitters by postsynaptic neurons
D) Re-releasing neurotransmitters from postsynaptic neurons
Answer: B
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
4
Chapter 3: Anatomy and Research Methods
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/3135
Sample Questions
Q1) While it is known for a role in balance and coordination, the _____ is also very important for certain types of learning and conditioning.
A) cerebellum
B) pons
C) basal ganglia
D) substantia nigra
Answer: A
Q2) Which part of the nervous system prepares the body for "fight or flight" activities?
A) Sympathetic
B) Somatic
C) Parasympathetic
D) Peripheral
Answer: A
Q3) Abe has suffered damage to the right side of his cerebral cortex. As a result, he now has motor and sensory deficits on the right side of his body.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 5
Chapter 4: Genetics, Evolution, Development, and Plasticity
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/3136
Sample Questions
Q1) Which action best illustrates altruistic behavior?
A) Bullying other kids in the lunch line
B) Spreading rumors about your boss
C) Picking up your room
D) Helping an elderly person across the street
Q2) A person with two recessive genes is considered to be ____ for that trait.
A) homozygous
B) heterozygous
C) unitary
D) marginal
Q3) Changes in single genes are called ____.
A) alterations
B) mutations
C) mendelians
D) enzymes
Q4) At later stages of the neuron's development, neurotrophins ____.
A) increase the branching of axons
B) cause the neuron's death
C) become converted into myelin
D) connect the axon to axons of adjoining cells
Page 6
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 5: Vision
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/3137
Sample Questions
Q1) Brittanie has had damage to the dorsal stream of her visual system. She now has trouble with _____.
A) describing what is seen
B) perceiving the movement of an object
C) remembering something seen at a previous time
D) reaching out to grasp an object
Q2) Daryl is studying for a quiz on the visual system. He records in his notes that axons from the _____ project to the ____ of the cerebral cortex.
A) LGN; occipital lobe
B) V1; occipital
C) V1; parietal
D) LGN; parietal
Q3) Which theory can best explain why people that are wearing yellow-colored glasses can still identify the color of a green apple?
A) Trichromatic theory
B) Retinex theory
C) Opponent-process theory
D) Kodak theory
Q4) Describe the functional and anatomic differences between rods and cones.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 7
Chapter 6: Other Sensory Systems
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/3138
Sample Questions
Q1) Most theorists believe that the first sensory system was ____.
A) vision
B) vestibular
C) pain
D) chemical
Q2) During her lecture on pain, Dr. Turk explains to her class that _____ is released by axons that carry information about mild pain.
A) Dopamine
B) Serotonin
C) Substance P
D) Glutamate
Q3) Since taste receptors are modified _____, they are replaced approximately every
A) skin cells; two weeks
B) skin-cells two months
C) olfactory receptors; three weeks
D) somatosensory neurons; two weeks
Q4) Rena is in the woods and hears an owl. She looks around to see where the owl is located. Discuss three cues that she was able to perceive in order to located the owl by sound.
Page 8
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 7: Movement
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/3139
Sample Questions
Q1) The role of heredity in late-onset Parkinson's disease ____.
A) equals that of early onset Parkinson's disease
B) is probably not as great as with early onset Parkinson's disease
C) is greater for DZ twins that MZ twins
D) is greater for females than males
Q2) The prefrontal cortex plans movements according to their probable outcomes.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Hyman's heart is beating thanks to the work of smooth muscles.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The doctor checked Daphne's eyes by shining a light into them to see if her pupils contracted. The doctor was testing her central pattern generators.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Purkinje cells are ____.
A) proprioceptors
B) flat cells in sequential planes
C) nuclei in the central cerebellum
D) axons parallel to one another
9
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 8: Wakefulness and Sleep
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/3140
Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement is true with regard to the duration of a self-generated sleep/activity cycle?
A) It is unreliable in most species, and dependably close to 24 hours only in primates.
B) It is longer if the organism is normally active in the dark.
C) It rarely varies from one individual to another, if at all.
D) It is highly consistent in a given individual in a given environment.
Q2) Discuss the leading theories on the biological perspectives on dreaming.
Q3) Jaleesa has been diagnosed with insomnia because she has sleep attacks while she is awake.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to the activation-synthesis hypothesis, what do dreams reflect?
A) The brain's attempt to make sense of spontaneous neural activity
B) Unconscious motivations and emotions
C) Experiences that have been part of the species' evolutionary history
D) An imbalance among hormone levels
Q5) Orexin is not necessary for waking up, but it is for staying awake.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 10
Chapter 9: Internal Regulation
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/3141
Sample Questions
Q1) What is one reason why animals with a lesion in the lateral hypothalamus eat so little?
A) They are constantly active and over-responsive to sensory stimuli.
B) All the food they eat is immediately converted into fat storage.
C) They experience a decreased cortical response to the smell and sight of food.
D) They have low levels of blood sugar.
Q2) Axons from the satiety-sensitive cells of the arcuate nucleus deliver an _____ message to the paraventricular nucleus, releasing ______.
A) excitatory; melanocortins
B) inhibitory; melanocortins
C) excitatory; CCK
Q3) Tryptophan enters the brain by an active-transport protein that it shares with ____ and other large amino acids.
A) phenylalanine
B) melatonin
C) lactose
D) glucose
Q4) Marisa is sick and has a fever. Explain what a fever is and how this is good for Marisa.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 11
Chapter 10: Reproductive Behaviors
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/3142
Sample Questions
Q1) Refugio's wife just had a baby. Very likely, his level of testosterone has decreased and prolactin has increased.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Catherine is studying the two categories of sex hormones: androgens and progesterones.
A)True B)False
Q3) Men are more likely to choose a partner based on age whereas women choose a partner based on size.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Progesterone prepares the uterus for the implantation of a fertilized ovum and promotes the maintenance of pregnancy.
A)True B)False
Q5) Describe the current recommendations for rearing an intersex child.
Q6) Describe activating effects of sex hormones and give specific examples.
Q7) Describe the organizing effects of sex hormones and give specific examples.
Page 12
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 11: Emotional Behaviors
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/3143
Sample Questions
Q1) The area that is activated by feeling disgusted is the same area of the brain responsible for ____.
A) sight
B) smell
C) taste
D) hearing
Q2) Prolonged high cortisol levels are associated with increased hippocampal damage.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Lanny has damage to his amygdala. He now has trouble with _____.
A) understanding spoken language
B) learned fears
C) regulating his body temperature
D) learning new tasks
Q4) Psychologists typically define emotion in terms of the following components: ____.
A) actions, cognitions, emotions, and heart rate changes
B) feelings, actions, emotions, and heart rate changes
C) cognitions, actions, emotions, and physiological changes
D) cognitions, feelings, actions, and physiological changes
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 13
Chapter 12: Learning, Memory, and Intelligence
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/3144
Sample Questions
Q1) Professor Willet tells his class that the structures formed from degenerating neuronal cell bodies are called _____.
A) tau plaques
B) amyloid beta proteins
C) tangles
D) thiamine scars
Q2) Rosalinda stimulated the gills of an Aplysia by squirting them with a brief jet of seawater, at first, it will ____.
A) ignore the water
B) withdraw its gills
C) take in the water through the gills
D) squirt the water in the direction of the source
Q3) Professor Diggs tells her class that compared to overall brain size, brain-to-body ratio is the best correlate of intelligence.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe three adaptations of our ancient ancestors that allowed them to evolve a larger brain.
Q5) Describe the difference between declarative and procedural memory.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 14
Chapter 13: Cognitive Functions
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/3145
Sample Questions
Q1) Briefly discuss the concept of a language acquisition device and its genetic basis.
Q2) Anne has a problem with making decisions impulsively and has started gambling. She might have suffered damage to her _____.
A) ventromedial prefrontal cortex
B) orbitofrontal cortex
C) parietal cortex
D) frontotemporal lobe
Q3) The view that mental processes and certain kinds of brain processes are the same thing, described in different terms is known as ____.
A) materialism
B) mentalism
C) the identity position
D) dualism
Q4) When people perceive themselves as being threatened, oxytocin ____.
A) increases their attention to possible dangers
B) decreases their attention to possible dangers
C) calms them down
D) helps them better analyze the situation
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 15
Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
126 Verified Questions
126 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/3146
Sample Questions
Q1) Charlotte has schizophrenia and is beginning to experience _____ (one of the major side effects) as a result of her medication affecting the _____.
A) substance-induced psychotic disorder; prefrontal cortex
B) substance-induced psychotic disorder; basal ganglia
C) tardive dyskinesia; prefrontal cortex
D) tardive dyskinesia; basal ganglia
Q2) The amino acid, glycine, provides a possible co-treatment for schizophrenia because it ____.
A) can be chemically converted into dopamine
B) increases the effectiveness of glutamate
C) decreases the effectiveness of glutamate
D) increases the growth and division of glia cells
Q3) Trey is finding it hard to function in everyday life as a result of hearing voices and displaying disorganized behaviors. Given that isn't any other explanation, his doctors will likely diagnose him with _____.
A) autism
B) Asperger's syndrome
C) schizophrenia
D) multiple personality disorder
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 16