Human Growth and Development for Counseling Exam Materials
Course Introduction
This course examines the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social aspects of human growth and development from infancy through old age, with particular emphasis on the implications for counseling practice. Students explore major developmental theories, research findings, and cultural influences shaping individual and family development across the lifespan. Special topics include developmental milestones, transitions, risk and protective factors, and how developmental issues may present in a counseling context. The course prepares future counselors to apply knowledge of developmental processes to assessment, diagnosis, intervention, and the promotion of well-being in diverse client populations.
Recommended Textbook
The Life Span Human Development for Helping Professionals 4th Edition by Patricia C. Broderick
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15 Chapters
532 Verified Questions
532 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Organizing Themes in Developme
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37 Verified Questions
37 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Keisha is a 35-year-old African-American woman who is depressed.Her presenting concerns include marital distress,the imminent possibility of losing her job,overeating,and chain-smoking.As you listen to her story,you begin to construct a picture of her developmental history.Which of these explanations would someone using a stage theory of development be most likely to offer for Keisha's problems?
A)Keisha's difficulties most likely developed through the interaction of her family experiences and societal conditions like poverty and racism.
B)Keisha's problems are most likely related to insufficient emotional gratification during infancy when oral needs are paramount.
C)Keisha's problems are most likely related to lack of appropriate models of effective marital communication.
D)Keisha's has experienced reward from her eating and smoking habits,and so she seeks these rewards in stressful situations.
Answer: B
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3
Chapter 2: Epigenesis and the Brain: the Fundamentals of Behavioral Development
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you look at the karyotypes of person A and person B and discover that they look alike, what can you infer is the same about these two people?
A)Their parents.
B)Their sex.
C)Their height.
D)Their blood type.
Answer: B
Q2) There are 46 of these in the nuclei of human cells,they are composed of deoxyribonucleic acid.
A)Teratogens
B)Zygotes
C)Chromosomes
D)Genes
Answer: C
Q3) Most postnatal brain growth depends upon the proliferation of A)synapses.
B)myelination.
C)neurotransmitters.
D)glial cells.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Cognitive Development in the Early
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35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Normally developing motor and visual milestones for a 4-month-old include
A)crawling,scribbling with a crayon,interpreting facial expressions.
B)sitting without support,playing with simple toys,20/20 vision.
C)rolling over,reaching for objects,visual tracking moving objects.
D)standing with support,reaching for objects,visual preference for faces.
Answer: C
Q2) Developmentalists study what infants and children understand about other people's intentions,desires,beliefs,feelings,and so on.This field of study is referred to as
A)cognitive development.
B)theory of mind.
C)concrete operational thought
D)preoperational thought.
Answer: B
Q3) The general consensus is that disorders of the autism spectrum
A)are not related to any detectable brain growth abnormalities.
B)are directly caused by pediatric vaccines containing thimerosal.
C)are neurobiological in nature and have high family concordance rates.
D)cannot be reliably diagnosed because there is too much variation.
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Emotional Development in the Early Years
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34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Bowlby's attachment theory,which of the following purposes)have attachment systems evolved to serve,for both the younger and the older infant?
A)Growth of number skills.
B)Assuring survival and security.
C)Assuring language development.
D)Growth of a wide range of emotions.
Q2) If a mother and baby are cooing and smiling at each other,and then the mother withdraws and becomes unresponsive,the typical infant will first engage in ____________,and then in ____________.
A)self-directed coping behaviors / other-directed coping behaviors
B)crying / sleeping
C)sleeping / crying
D)other-directed coping behaviors / self-directed coping behaviors
Q3) Explain the cultural contributions to the development of attachments.What role does culture play in this process? ,
Q4) If attachment quality can change over time as caretaking quality changes,explain the significance of infant's attachments to their caregivers.,
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6
Chapter 5: The Emerging Self and Socialization in the Early Years
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37 Verified Questions
37 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following emotions develops only after a child has a mental representation of him or herself as a separate person?
A)Anger.
B)Guilt.
C)Fear.
D)Disgust.
Q2) Which of the following is a critical element that underlies the development of self-control?
A)Self-esteem.
B)Authoritarian discipline.
C)Emotion regulation.
D)Power assertion.
Q3) At what age would a young child typically show self-recognition,the ability to recognize themselves in a mirror?
A)By 10 months.
B)By 13 months.
C)By 18 months.
D)By 3 years.
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Chapter 6: Realms of Cognition in Middle Childhood
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) For counselors who work with abused and maltreated children,which of the following statements draws an appropriate conclusion from research on social cognition and friendships?
A)Counselors should employ group counseling because abused children can relate best to other maltreated children.
B)Individual classroom accommodations are most helpful because these children typically lag behind their peers academically and this help will do most to bolster their self-esteem.
C)The counselor needs to serve as the attachment figure so that these children can form an attachment and develop empathy for others.
D)Counselors should pay attention to the social world of these maltreated children,because those who can make a best friend have a good chance of improving their self-esteem.
Q2) Memory is to some degree reconstructed.This accounts for the phenomenon of A)production deficiencies.
B)theory of mind.
C)preoperational egocentrism.
D)false memories.
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Chapter 7: Self and Moral Development: Middle Childhood
Through Early Adolescence
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35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ms.Jackson,a middle school counselor,is concerned about the special problems girls face at adolescence.Consider the research evidence for gender differences in self-esteem at this period of development.Which of the following interventions would be most productive?
A)Restructure the curriculum to teach subjects from a feminist perspective in order to empower girls.
B)Respond more favorably to initiatives developed by girls in the school,giving them priority over boys' initiatives to redress past inequality.
C)Conduct group counseling sessions for all female students as a preventive intervention for eating disorders and depression.
D)Provide opportunities,modeling,and support for both girls and boys to select courses and activities that could be considered non-traditional with regard to gender.
Q2) Write a response to a parent who believes that constantly comparing a child to other,perhaps more accomplished or talented,children is a good way to motivate that child to achieve more and become stronger.,
Q3) Develop a case study that reflects the development of an aggressive disorder.,
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Chapter 8: Gender and Peer Relationships: Middle
Childhood Through Early Adolescence
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37 Verified Questions
37 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) As a toddler,Joey loved to "dance" with his mother and his sisters,twirling around the house to music.By age 5,Joey refused to dance anymore,saying that dancing was for girls.His mother felt that he really wanted to dance but that he just wouldn't.How would a psychoanalytic Freudian theorist explain Joey's attitude toward dancing?
A)Joey was forced to stop dancing by the taunting of his male friends.
B)Joey is intrinsically motivated to engage in behaviors that he believes are consistent with his gender.
C)Joey now identifies with his father,and prefers to do only what he sees his father do.
D)Joey secretly hates his mother and wishes to punish her.
Q2) Counselors working with school-age children and adolescents need to recognize that gender identity continues to develop in these years.Among the important findings from recent research is that girls tend to feel
A)more content with their gender than boys.
B)more pressure to conform to gender stereotypes than boys.
C)less content with their gender than boys.
D)the same degree of pressure to conform to gender stereotypes as boys.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Physical,cognitive,and Identity Developments in Adolescence
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34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not an illustration of formal operational thought?
A)Alyssa classifies information about the main branches of the US government by drawing a diagram of various departments within each branch.
B)Cody generates all the possible combinations of numbers from a seven digit telephone number.
C)Cai writes a paper discussing how satire is used in a popular comic strip to promote deeper thinking.
D)Farouk creates a story about a society that is free from war,suffering,and death.
Q2) What are the characteristics of formal operations and how does this kind of thinking differ from concrete operational thinking? ,
Q3) A coping style which has been linked to higher levels of depression among adolescent girls and women is
A)rumination.
B)distraction.
C)support seeking.
D)withdrawal.
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11
Chapter 10: The Social World of Adolescence
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35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) High levels of parental monitoring and control are associated with which of the following outcomes regardless of ethnicity or social class?
A)More drug use but less involvement in other criminal activity among adolescents.
B)More deviant behavior and drug use among adolescents.
C)More gang membership among adolescents.
D)Less deviant behavior and drug use among adolescents.
Q2) Mr.and Mrs.Brown have consulted you about their 13-year-old daughter,Joanne.She is not doing as well academically as she always did in elementary school.She seems to be involved with a popular crowd that is quickly moving into sexual experimentation and drug use.Describe the options that Mr.and Mrs.Brown have for helping their daughter navigate her early adolescence,based on available research.,
Q3) Participation in after-school activities sponsored by school or community organizations is
A)unrelated to academic achievement.
B)detrimental to academic achievement.
C)positively related to academic achievement.
D)positively related to social competence but detrimental to academic achievement.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Developments in Young Adults
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Globalization has begun to affect the young adult period in developing nations by
A)increasing the length of time individuals spend in self-exploration before taking on adult responsibilities.
B)decreasing the number of families who can education their children.
C)limiting the occupational and lifestyle options available.
D)decreasing young adults' exposure to a diversity of beliefs and values.
Q2) Donna runs a day care center.After many years of hard work,the business has grown and provides a steady income.Donna's daughter,Elaine,has asked Donna to give her a loan for a down payment on a business of her own.In order to provide this loan,Donna would have to cut expenses at the day care center,including reducing staff by at least two employees.What is the primary characteristic that points to a particular stage of cognitive functioning in Donna's case?
A)She must consider how her decision will affect many people. B)She is working to earn an income and acquire more assets.
C)She considers what has given her life meaning and purpose.
D)She focuses on her personal needs and goals.
Q3) List three pitfalls counselors need to avoid in their decision-making.Give examples of each.,
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Chapter 12: Socioemotional and Vocational Developments in Young Adulthood
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34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Karina,a college student,has a strong mastery orientation.We can expect that Karina therefore holds which of the following theories of intelligence?
A)Entity theory.
B)Generativity theory.
C)Information processing theory.
D)Incremental theory.
Q2) According to Holland's description of modal personal orientations,Danielle has an "enterprising" style,she is sociable,domineering,energetic,ambitious,talkative,optimistic,and assertive.According to Holland's theory of career development,Danielle's career counselor should
A)work with Danielle to change her style,especially her domineering and assertive characteristics.
B)work with Danielle to encourage self-awareness so that she can match her career choice to her existing style.
C)encourage Danielle to recognize that she will probably have very few career opportunities.
D)encourage Danielle to explore other personal orientations before she settles on a career.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Middle Adulthood: Cognitive, personality, and Social Development
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Erikson's theory,which developmental task is central to the middle adulthood stage of life?
A)Ego integrity.
B)Intimacy.
C)Autonomy.
D)Generativity.
Q2) Based on research,which adolescent and early adult characteristics are most strongly related to high levels of generativity in middle adulthood?
A)Extraversion and agreeableness.
B)Agreeableness and openness.
C)Affiliation and power needs.
D)Introversion and agreeableness.
Q3) Women and men play multiple roles in their lives.What are some examples of these roles? Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of taking on the responsibilities of multiple roles,and provide clear examples of these advantages and disadvantages.Include a discussion of role buffering.,
Q4) Compare and contrast Erikson's view of midlife with that of Vaillant.,
Q5) Describe the factors that promote stability in adult life and those that promote change.,
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Chapter 14: Living Well: Stress, coping, and Life Satisfaction in Adulthood
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35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Beverly is a slim,beautiful woman of 60.She has two grown children,and one grandchild who is cared for by a full-time nanny.Beverly lives in a spacious suburban home on a large,multi-acre lot,and she employs a housekeeper and groundskeeper part-time to take care of the house and yard.She believes that she is fortunate to live such an affluent lifestyle,but more and more lately she has been overcome by feelings of sadness.She has thought about seeking counseling but feels foolish and guilty,as though she has no right to her feelings.Beverly's distress seems to illustrate "the American paradox." Explain what that is and what some of the sources of that paradox might be in her life.Page 529)
Q2) Anna is a 44-year-old divorced mother of two teenagers.Anna's father,who lives alone in a nearby suburb,has recently been diagnosed with lung cancer.Anna needs to take her father to and from medical appointments while she tries to manage the demands of her own full-time job.She goes to the employee assistance counselor at work for help in coping with the demands of her situation.The counselor understands that the demands on Anna are too great given her available resources,a phenomenon called
A)role buffering.
B)role confusion.
C)role strain.
D)role multiplicity.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Gains and Losses in Late Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following describes a typical stage progression in retirement,according to Atchley?
A)Honeymoon,stability,reorientation,disenchantment,termination.
B)Honeymoon,disenchantment,reorientation,stability,termination.
C)Disenchantment,honeymoon,stability,termination,reorientation.
D)There is no typical sequence for the stages of retirement.
Q2) When Jeanine,a successful surgeon,began to suffer from arthritis in her hands,she stopped doing surgery,continuing only the consulting portion of her medical practice,and accepted a position as Dean of the medical school at the university hospital where she had her practice.Shifting her attention to administration and teaching in her position as Dean after the onset of arthritis represents an example of A)selection.
B)reduction.
C)compensation.
D)giving up.
Q3) What is a dual-process model of the grief process? Explain why the available research indicates that a complex model of this sort is needed.Page 588)
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