Human Growth and Development
Final Exam
Course Introduction
Human Growth and Development explores the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes that occur throughout the human lifespan from conception to old age. This course examines major theories and research findings in developmental psychology, highlighting key milestones and the various influences of family, culture, and environment on development. Students will gain a foundational understanding of the stages of growth and the complex interactions between biological, psychological, and social factors that shape individuals across different periods of life.
Recommended Textbook
Childhood Voyages in Development 5th Edition by Spencer A. Rathus
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13 Chapters
2275 Verified Questions
2275 Flashcards
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2
Chapter 1: History, Theories, and Methods
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187 Verified Questions
187 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The study of the influence of genes on development is the study of nature (heredity)as opposed to nurture (environment).
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Charles Darwin is best known as
A) the creator of the theory known as behaviorism.
B) the founder of child development as an academic discipline.
C) the originator of the theory of evolution.
D) the developer of the research method known as the cross-sectional study.
Answer: C
Q3) Piaget believed that
A) development is haphazard,random,and based upon experience.
B) cognitive developments are stage-based and universal.
C) children learn in different sequences based upon their environments.
D) perception is too directly linked to sensation to separate the two.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Heredity and Conception
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181 Verified Questions
181 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If genes are implicated in any given physical trait or behavior pattern,then you would expect
A) DZ twins would be more similar on the trait than MZ twins.
B) all people in a given family would express the trait similarly.
C) cousins would be more similar on the trait than siblings.
D) siblings would be more similar on the trait than cousins.
Answer: D
Q2) Sex chromosomes utilize meiosis to divide.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The textbook suggests that XYY males are over-represented in prison populations.This suggests
A) they may be less intelligent than "normal."
B) they are much more aggressive than is "normal."
C) they commit more crimes against persons,not property.
D) All of these
Answer: A
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4
Chapter 3: Prenatal Development
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175 Verified Questions
175 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a child is born with alcohol-related abnormalities,what do we know?
A) The mother ingested alcohol sometime during the pregnancy
B) Alcohol can be passed from the mother to the developing child
C) That the placenta was unable to keep the alcohol from being passed to the child
D) All of these can be assumed
Answer: D
Q2) Rh incompatibility results when
A) enzymes produced by the fetus infect the mother.
B) bacteria from the mother cross the placenta and infect the child.
C) antibodies produced by the mother are transmitted to the fetus.
D) high blood pressure in the mother damages the fetal nervous system.
Answer: C
Q3) If a child is born with stunted arms and legs,what may have happened?
A) The fetus was exposed to a significant teratogen between the 4th and 8th weeks after conception
B) The mother must have ingested alcohol at least once during the pregnancy
C) The fetus was exposed to a teratogen during the third trimester
D) The amniotic fluid was infected with some kind of virus
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Birth and the Newborn Baby: In the New World
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179 Verified Questions
179 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the Children's Hospital Boston study,researchers found that the frontal lobes of the babies who died from SIDS were less sensitive to the brain chemical serotonin.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Rebecca is in labor with her first child.Her physician informs her it will be necessary to deliver the child via C-section.What does this mean?
A) The physician will cut through the abdomen and uterus and remove the baby
B) The baby will be delivered through the birth canal
C) The baby will be born using forceps
D) A C-section will not be performed,as this technique is never used on first-time mothers
Q3) In their research in the 1970s,Klaus and Kennell found that extended contact between mothers and their babies shortly after birth
A) was unimportant to parent-infant bonding.
B) resulted in differences in mother-infant interactions two years later.
C) was related to social and cognitive differences in the children at age 5.
D) was important for boy infants but unimportant for girl infants.
Q4) What happens during the three stages of childbirth?
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Infancy: Physical Development
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172 Verified Questions
172 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In their classic study of depth perception,Gibson and Walk (1960)found that
A) one-month-olds would not cross the visual cliff.
B) boys crossed the visual cliff earlier than girls.
C) infants would cross the cliff if their mothers encouraged them to do so.
D) 8 out of 10 crawling infants would not cross onto the visual cliff.
Q2) An individual develops mental retardation due to a disorder called PKU.What do we know about this?
A) The individual has excessive myelination
B) The disorder inhibits the formation of myelin in the brain
C) The myelin travels into the soma and destroys the neuron
D) The myelin covers the dendrites and stops the communication process
Q3) Infants exhibit more generalized and diffuse motions before they begin to reach and grasp with specific intent.The tendency of behavior to become more specific and distinct is called
A) integration.
B) conceptualization.
C) globalization.
D) differentiation.
Q4) Briefly describe the difference(s)between cephalocaudal and proximodistal patterns of development.Give examples.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Infancy: Cognitive Development
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176 Verified Questions
176 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the relationship between MLU and chronological age?
A) As chronological age increases,MLU tends to decrease
B) As chronological age increases,MLU tends to increase
C) Chronological age and MLU are unrelated
D) Chronological age increases across time,whereas MLU remains the same across time
Q2) Is infant crying a primitive form of language?
A) Yes,because crying represents language
B) No,because cries do not represent objects or events
C) It depends upon the type of cry emitted
D) It depends upon the sex of the child
Q3) If a one-hour-old infant sticks out her tongue in response to an adult doing the same,what has occurred?
A) The infant observed the adult and then decided to stick out her tongue
B) Learning has occurred
C) Deferred imitation has occurred
D) Given the age of the child,this is most likely an imitation reflex
Q4) How is it possible to assess cognitive development in children who are too young to talk?
Q5) How do secondary and tertiary circular reactions differ?
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Chapter 7: Infancy: Social and Emotional Development
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171 Verified Questions
171 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Biological factors suspected of contributing to ASDs include
A) abnormal brain wave patterns or seizures.
B) increased activity in the frontal and temporal lobes.
C) contact with lead or other heavy metals in utero.
D) vaccines,particularly those that include a mercury preservative.
Q2) Attachment can be used as a measure of the
A) SES of the parents.
B) attachment classifications of siblings.
C) IQ scores of the parents.
D) quality of parenting the child receives.
Q3) Full-term children are more likely than preterm children to be abused.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Believing that sunshine and fresh air will make children ill,the natives in one Guatemalan village isolate their children until they are 13 to 14 months of age (Kagan & Klein,1973).After this isolation,the children
A) remain apathetic.
B) are physically and mentally retarded through adulthood.
C) are as intellectually and physically able as American children by age 11.
D) regress even further in their physical and emotional development.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Early Childhood: Physical Development
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172 Verified Questions
172 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Parents' dislikes of certain types of foods (such as vegetables)
A) lead to their child having healthy eating habits in later childhood.
B) have no impact whatsoever on their child's food preferences.
C) may lead to the child also disliking those foods.
D) impact boys more so than girls.
Q2) Which of the following is TRUE about brain plasticity?
A) It is possible because of "sprouting"
B) It is possible because of "redundancy"
C) It becomes increasingly less likely to occur as we age
D) All of these are true
Q3) What accounts for individual differences in activity level in children?
Q4) Ultrasound shows that
A) fetuses have no preference for handedness.
B) a majority of fetuses suck their left thumbs.
C) about 95% of fetuses suck their right thumbs.
D) fetuses suck both right and left thumbs equally.
Q5) By age 3 or 4,children can walk up stairs like adults do,one step at a time.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Explain why nightmares are more common in young children than in older children.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Early Childhood: Cognitive Development
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172 Verified Questions
172 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following represents a recognition task for children?
A) Asking children which toys they've seen before
B) Asking children to name all their friends
C) Asking children to name the President of the United States
D) Having children draw pictures of their families
Q2) Five-year-old Karl chooses more formal words when talking to his teachers,but uses infant-directed speech when speaking to his baby brother,Nelson.This changing of speech to fit the social situation is called
A) grammar.
B) syntax.
C) pragmatics.
D) egocentrism.
Q3) Discuss what memory is like in early childhood.
Q4) What is a retrieval cue?
A) Something that helps us place important information into memory
B) An iconic code that makes memories stronger
C) Any trigger that helps us pull something from memory
D) A semantic code that makes memory more efficient
Q5) Describe the cognitive abilities and limitations of preoperational children.
Q6) What factors influence cognitive development in early childhood?
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Early Childhood: Social and Emotional Development
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170 Verified Questions
170 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Habituation means
A) the more exposed we are to a stimulus,the less sensitive we become to it.
B) punishment inhibits aggressive behavior.
C) viewing violence primes aggressive behavior.
D) viewing violence increases arousal.
Q2) According to D.Baumrind (1991),which pattern of parenting is low on the dimensions of both restrictiveness/control and warmth/responsiveness?
A) Authoritarian
B) Authoritative
C) Uninvolved-neglectful
D) Rejecting-neglecting
Q3) Children who are physically punished are more likely to behave aggressively.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Gender constancy is the knowledge that one is female or male.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Parallel play is a nonsocial form of play.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Middle Childhood: Physical Development
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171 Verified Questions
171 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/52043
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is TRUE about learning disabilities?
A) They tend to disappear as children reach adulthood
B) They affect less than 1% of the childhood population
C) They are more common in girls than in boys
D) None of these
Q2) What percentage of school-aged children is diagnosed with ADHD?
A) Less than 1%
B) Around 10%
C) 15%
D) 1-5%
Q3) Which of the following parts of the brain have been associated with dyslexia?
A) Angular gyrus
B) Hypothalamus
C) Medulla
D) Hippocampus
Q4) Discuss motor development during the middle childhood years.Are there sex differences that should be mentioned? If so,what might account for these differences?
Q5) Describe the typical growth patterns in middle childhood.Are there sex differences in growth patterns during this time?
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Chapter 12: Middle Childhood: Cognitive Development
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177 Verified Questions
177 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following adjectives accurately describes Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
A) Inconsistent
B) Unpredictable
C) Sequential
D) Random
Q2) What impact does the promise of rewards have on the recall of information?
A) It has no impact whatsoever
B) It inhibits recall
C) It can facilitate recall
D) It only improves recall from adolescence through adulthood
Q3) Giftedness is defined as having a high IQ score.
A)True
B)False
Q4) "IQ" stands for
A) intelligence quotient.
B) intellectual quandary.
C) individual qualities.
D) intellectual quantity.
Q5) What makes a good teacher?
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Chapter 13: Middle Childhood: Social and Emotional Development
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172 Verified Questions
172 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Treatment for conduct disorder
A) has been ineffective.
B) has only shown success when combined with the use of medications.
C) has been effective for boys,but not for girls.
D) tends to be more successful when it rewards good behavior and includes parent training.
Q2) Some studies find that it is not divorce,per se,that leads to problems among children.Rather,______ is an important contributing factor.
A) maternal depression
B) loss of the child's friends due to moving to a new neighborhood
C) paternal depression
D) increased fighting among siblings
Q3) How do teacher expectations affect student success?
Q4) Children
A) may share things with their peers that they will not share with their parents.
B) generally are not influenced by peers.
C) generally strive to be independent and different from peers.
D) always do things they would not normally do because of peers.
Q5) What happens to parent-child relationships during middle childhood?
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