Human Development for Educators
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Human Development for Educators explores the physical, cognitive, social, and emotional growth of individuals from birth through adolescence, emphasizing factors that influence learning and behavior in educational settings. This course examines major developmental theories, cultural and environmental impacts on development, and the diverse challenges students may encounter at different stages. Educators will gain insights into recognizing and supporting students developmental needs, applying research-based strategies to promote optimal growth, and fostering inclusive and supportive classroom environments for learners of all backgrounds and abilities.
Recommended Textbook
Educational Psychology Active Learning Edition 12th Edition by Anita Woolfolk
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15 Chapters
1511 Verified Questions
1511 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Learning, Teaching, and Educational Psychology
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68 Verified Questions
68 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The study of the processes of teaching and learning is the focus of the discipline of
Answer: educational psychology
Q2) When studies are based only on observations,the results should be expressed as
A)cause-and-effect relationships.
B)descriptions.
C)principles.
D)theories.
Answer: B
Q3) A researcher reports that students who have the highest test scores in school tend to be more involved in extracurricular activities than are other students.What specific type of research study must have been conducted?
A)Correlational
B)Descriptive
C)Ethnographic
D)Experimental
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Cognitive Development
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84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When Mary returned from the high-school prom,she complained,"Everyone hated my dress!" What specific concept does this account best illustrate?
A)Adolescent egocentrism
B)Interpsychological action
C)Reversible thinking
D)Semiotic function
Answer: A
Q2) "Out of sight,out of mind" describes the behavior of children who have not acquired
Answer: object permanence
Q3) Vygotsky's view of cognitive development differs from Piaget's in the importance and emphasis placed on a person's
A)experience.
B)genetic factors.
C)interpersonal interactions.
D)private speech.
Answer: C
Q4) The specialization of the two hemispheres of the brain is called ________. Answer: lateralization
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Chapter 3: The Self, Social, and Moral Development
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Based on recent studies,which of the following children is likely to have the greatest difficulty with assessing the intention of others?
A)Bart,a ten-year-old with high self-esteem
B)Enid,an aggressive three-year-old
C)Liliana,a passive five-year-old
D)Philip,an aggressive nine-year-old
Answer: B
Q2) Teachers should pay attention to which children are rejected and play alone.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The development of children's self-concept evolves by means of
A)constant self-evaluation in many different situations.
B)contrasting themselves with their peers.
C)differentiating between their skills and those of their peers.
D)gauging the verbal reactions of significant others.
Answer: A
Q4) People who have a positive self-concept are said to have high ________. Answer: self-esteem
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Chapter 4: Learner Differences and Learning Needs
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The type of intelligence that increases until adolescence and then gradually declines with age is ________.
Q2) The largest category of students with disabilities includes students who are emotionally disabled.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Section 504 is a state law (found in most states)that protects students against any type of discrimination.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Loni has a vision impairment and you notice that she seems to have fewer problems working from photocopied material than from materials copied by hand.This difference is likely due to the A)better quality of the photocopied print.
B)difference in print colors.
C)kind of material being copied.
D)size of the printing.
Q5) The theory of multiple intelligences consisting of at least eight separate entities was proposed by ________.
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Chapter 5: Language Development, Language Diversity, and Immigrant Education
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74 Verified Questions
74 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the primary reason why bilingualism has generated such heated debates in recent years?
A)Changing demographics
B)Failure of many students to use standard English
C)Increased numbers of students who must take summer school
D)Rising numbers of college freshmen with poor reading skills
Q2) Generally,students are not ready to study the rules of a language formally until about age five.This is when most students have started to gain A)literacy.
B)metalinguistic awareness.
C)semantic speech.
D)syntax.
Q3) A student who has mastered phoneme-grapheme correspondence has good _____________skills.
Q4) Emergent reading is an example of an inside-out literacy skill.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The assumption that students' home culture is inferior because it has not prepared them to fit well into schools is called the ________ model.
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Chapter 6: Culture and Diversity
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73 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which one of the following statements is technically TRUE regarding the term minority group?
A)It is a category composed of people who have biologically transmitted traits.
B)It is a term that refers to a numerical minority compared to the total population.
C)It refers to a group of people who receives unequal or discriminatory treatment.
D)The number of these groups is decreasing slightly in nearly every one of the states.
Q2) The knowledge,rules,traditions,and attitudes that guide behavior in a particular group of people represent the ________ of that group.
Q3) Differences between males and females in cognitive abilities are
A)attributed more to genetic than environmental factors.
B)considered to be very small and insignificant.
C)reported to be larger today than was the case in earlier studies.
D)small in the past decade but steadily increasing.
Q4) Organized bodies of knowledge about groups of people that affect how we react to them are called ________.
Q5) What would you say to these parents? Explain why you would give these answers.
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Chapter 7: Behavioral Views of Learning
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107 Verified Questions
107 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Contrast reinforcement and punishment and describe the various categories of each.How can we tell if something is a reinforcer or a punisher?
Q2) Breaking complex performances into sub-skills and sub-processes is part of a systematic procedure called ________.
Q3) Define "learning" and discuss how it differs from other forms of behavior.
Q4) Mr.Smith uses a token economy system in his history class.Whenever Bill breaks a rule,he lose a "chip." If the infraction is major,Bill loses several chips.This is an example of A)cueing.
B)presentation punishment.
C)removal punishment.
D)satiation.
Q5) Removal of a given reinforcement leads to ________.
Q6) When a particular tone is presented repeatedly but is not followed by a conditioned stimulus,________ has occurred,if there had been no response earlier with no previous conditioning.
Q7) A relatively permanent change in a person's knowledge or behavior that results from experiences is called ________.
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Chapter 8: Cognitive Views of Learning
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The process that occurs when remembering certain information is hampered by the presence of other information is called ________.
Q2) The "spread of activation" phenomenon is basically a short-term memory process.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Flashbulb memories remain in long-term memory longer than episodic memories.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The use of imagery techniques of learning,such as the keyword method,seems most appropriate for what age group?
A)Early elementary school
B)Kindergarten
C)Late elementary school and older
D)Preschool
Q5) Stimuli from the environment are theorized to first enter working memory.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Differentiate between distributed and massed practice.Which method of practice is better for learning?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Complex Cognitive Processes
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95 Verified Questions
95 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A heuristic is a step-by-step prescription for achieving a goal that usually is domain-specific.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Ms.Winn developed a new method of math instruction,which had a wide spread impact on education and revolutionalized the field of mathematics education.Ms.Winn is noted for her________,or innovation.
Q3) Expert teachers don't have to think as hard as beginning teachers due to an ability to
A)access short-term memory.
B)memorize many details.
C)recognize patterns in problems.
D)use logical reasoning.
Q4) Sometimes students do not apply the problem-solving strategy they have learned when they should or could.We refer to this type of situation as students having a(n)________.
Q5) The sudden re-conceptualization or reorganization of a problem that clarifies it and suggests a possible solution is ________.
Q6) Response set:
Page 11
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Chapter 10: The Learning Sciences and Constructivism
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87 Verified Questions
87 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A structure for teaching,developed by Jerome Bruner,that introduces the fundamental structure of all subjects during the early school years and then revisits the subjects in increasingly more complex forms over time,is called what type of curriculum?
A)Advanced
B)Cultural
C)Spiral
D)Vicarious
Q2) Collaboration with others in learning is believed by many constructivists to involve working together to co-construct meaning through ________.
Q3) Social constructivist theorists view learning as occurring within a specific ________.
Q4) Constructivist views of learning are grounded in the research of A)curriculum designers.
B)Gestalt psychologists.
C)many psychologists and educators.
D)Piaget and Vygotsky primarily.
Q5) The role of the ________ in a cooperative learning group is to explain concepts when needed.
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Chapter 11: Social Cognitive Views of Learning and Motivation
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62 Verified Questions
62 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A student who has good follow-through for completing a task is said to have volition.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Volition is another term for task commitment.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Mr.Kain believes he can teach any student in his class regardless of the student's background.Mr.Kain demonstrates a teacher who has a strong sense of ________.
Q4) Mr.Jacoby is very effective at encouraging his students to become self-regulated learners because he includes the following in his teaching:
A)Direct instruction on the aspects of self-regulated learning
B)Minimal feedback so that his students can evaluate their own work
C)Cooperative learning activities
D)Opportunities for students to develop their creative abilities
Q5) How could you apply social cognitive theory to helping Annie become more confident and successful in her writing skills?
Q6) Self-regulated learners are ________ to learn.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Motivation in Learning and Teaching
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116 Verified Questions
116 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ms.Riley tells the class,"If we have a good lesson on fractions,I will credit each of you with a bonus point." She is trying to stimulate what type of motivation?
A)Extrinsic
B)Intrinsic
C)Stable
D)Trait
Q2) A current reflection of the humanistic perspective is the "self-esteem movement."
A)True
B)False
Q3) The cognitive approach to motivation is illustrated best by people who respond to A)events to which they choose to pay attention. B)events that have been rewarding in the past.
C)the objective worth or value of events.
D)their perceptions of events,not the events themselves.
Q4) Define motivation,and differentiate between behavioral,humanistic,cognitive,and sociocultural approaches to the interpretation of motivation.
Q5) The interest state that arouses,directs,and maintains behavior is ________.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Creating Learning Environments
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109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Kathy's student teacher works well with small groups,but she finds it difficult to keep track of the rest of the class during small group sessions.Kathy should work with her student teacher to develop A)group focus.
B)movement management.
C)overlapping.
D)withitness.
Q2) If a student tells you that he broke up with his girlfriend last night and was unable to complete his homework,it is the teacher's responsibility to see that the homework gets completed.
A)True
B)False
Q3) One of the characteristics proposed by Doyle for a multidimensional classroom is predictability.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The time students spend working on learning tasks,while experiencing a high rate of success,is called ________ learning time.
Q5) What step would you take next in dealing with Ellen,if you were Mr.Fournier?
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Chapter 14: Teaching Every Student
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Instructional planning is shared by teachers and students in the ________ approach to learning.
Q2) The BEST method by which active learning can be incorporated into lectures is to use
A)lower-level cognitive objectives.
B)questioning strategies.
C)scripted cooperation.
D)techniques involving small groups.
Q3) Which one of the following students is responding to a divergent question?
A)Alice identifies the category name for a group of objects.
B)Dave adds to simple lines as many lines as he wants to make a meaningful figure.
C)Janelle indicates which one of five figures is concealed in a complex figure.
D)Mario gives a word to satisfy a definition and a given first letter.
Q4) Are Juanita's objectives likely to be restricted to Bloom's cognitive domain? Why or why not?
Q5) Based on the brief description above,analyze Ms.Chavez's weaknesses in presenting material and in her choice of approaches (give her lecture skills).
Q6) A classification scheme for educational objectives is called a(n)________.
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Chapter 15: Classroom Assessment, Grading, and Standardized Testing
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185 Verified Questions
185 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A fifth grade teacher gives an ________ to Tasha to measure how much Tasha has learned in social studies.
Q2) In a normal distribution,the type of derived score that has unequal units is ________.
Q3) Identify the three common measures of central tendency.Which one of the three measures do you believe to be the most informative for assessing the typical performance of a group of students? Explain your selection.
Q4) In what situations is the use of multiple-choice items desirable? Suggest some guidelines for how such items should be constructed.
Q5) Having students assist in the development of rating scales and scoring rubrics can lead to improved learning.
A)True B)False
Q6) Criterion-referenced assessment is valuable in determining mastery of basic skills. A)True
B)False
Q7) A test that measures what it is supposed to is considered to be ________.
Page 17
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