Human Development and Family Science Exam Preparation
Guide
Course Introduction
Human Development and Family Science explores the physical, emotional, cognitive, and social growth of individuals across the lifespan, placing special emphasis on the dynamics and diversity of families within different cultural contexts. The course introduces foundational theories and research methods used to study development from infancy through late adulthood, examines how family structures, interpersonal relationships, and community environments influence individual well-being, and discusses contemporary issues affecting families such as parenting, work-life balance, and policy implications. Students gain a holistic understanding of human development and acquire skills relevant to careers in education, social services, health care, and family counseling.
Recommended Textbook
Marriages and Families 8th Edition by
Nijole V. Benokraitis
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Chapter 1: he Changing Family
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Q1) Which of the following is a myth about what is natural in families?
A) that unmarried committed relationships are natural
B) that motherhood is natural for women
C) that remaining single or not marrying is natural
D) that homosexuality is natural
Answer: B
Q2) Stephen believes that families always stand for love and security.Linda, on the other hand, has an opinion that families can also be a physically and psychologically brutal setting in society.Which of the following is an accurate statement that weakens Stephen's point of view?
A) Young adults now tend to have a very realistic perspective about families and thus have fewer conflicts.
B) Many parents experience stress while balancing the demands of work and family responsibilities.
C) Most young adults now are more economically sound and also appreciate the benefits of multigenerational households.
D) Most families are now becoming egalitarian, where both the parents equally participate in all the tasks.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Studying the Family
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Q1) Jim and Ryan work as researchers at Palmer Corp., a retail firm.Currently, they are discussing whether they should use field observation to assess the public image of a newly launched product.Jim states that field observation would be the best method to assess the market.However, Ryan disagrees.Which of the following statements, if true, is likely to support Ryan's argument?
A) Researchers at Palmer Corp.have found that field research is a more flexible method than other research methods.
B) Most researchers at Palmer Corp.are trained and qualified to conduct field observation across different market segments efficiently.
C) In the past, Jim has gathered reliable and accurate market data with the use of field observation.
D) Studies have shown that field research disrupts the natural setting because the researcher's presence influences the people being studied.
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: The Family in Historical Perspective
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Q1) Describe briefly the economic duties of men and women during the colonial era.
Answer: Men were expected to be industrious, hardworking, and ambitious, and they were responsible for the family's economic survival.Husbands and wives often worked side by side.Men, women, and children all produced, cultivated, and processed goods for the family's consumption.When necessary, men cared for and disciplined the children while women worked in the fields.Much of women's work was directed toward meeting the needs of others.
Q2) During the 1800s, Mexican men typically worked as ________.
A) garment manufacturers
B) live-in-house servants
C) canning and packing laborers
D) miners
Answer: D
Q3) In the 19th century, childhood changed in that ________.
A) adults began to view and treat children as "miniature adults"
B) children became more involved in industrial jobs
C) children began to spend more time playing than working
D) the level of physical punishment increased
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Racial and Ethnic Families: Strengths and Stresses
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Q1) Which of the following best describes a majority-minority state?
A) It is a state in which the populations of the minority groups and the dominant groups are roughly equal.
B) It is a state in which the population is solely composed of members of the dominant group.
C) It is a state in which the members of minority groups make up less than half of the population.
D) It is a state in which whites make up less than half of the population.
Q2) Which of the following is true of race?
A) Race is a social concept that describes cultural characteristics.
B) Race is determined biologically.
C) Race-determining genes equal the number of genes that make humans similar.
D) Race is a social concept that refers to physical characteristics.
Q3) What reason do American Indian tribal leaders give for the high alcoholism and suicide rates among their youth?
A) the gradual erosion of American Indian culture
B) the oppression imposed on the youth by native cultural practices
C) the remigration of youth back to rural areas
D) the poverty and poor access to services in the reservations
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Socialization and Gender Roles
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Q1) Which of the following is a limitation of symbolic interactionism?
A) It credits people with more free will than they have.
B) It tends to focus excessively on structural factors.
C) It fails to explain how gender roles shape people's everyday lives.
D) It focusses on childhood socialization rather than development across life courses.
Q2) Explain gender identity with the help of an example.
Q3) A father who is the sole breadwinner for his family is performing a(n)________ role.
A) expressive
B) instrumental
C) institutional
D) nurturing
Q4) Male violence is more likely to occur in ________ societies.
A) matriarchal
B) patriarchal
C) egalitarian
D) classless
Q5) Illustrate the cognitive development theory with the help of an example.
Q6) Explain the difference between maintenance work and conversational dominance.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Love and Loving Relationships
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Q1) According to Reiss's wheel theory of love, couples in the ________ stage of their relationship make mutual decisions and support each other's ambitions.
A) self-revelation
B) rapport
C) personality need fulfillment
D) mutual dependency
Q2) Which of the following is an example of acceptance, one of the eight qualities of friendship?
A) Harry often relies on Matt to support him during difficult times.
B) Isabelle shares her thoughts and feelings with Tony.
C) John enjoys spending time with Clara.
D) Tanya tolerates Keith's shortcomings and inadequacies.
Q3) In the first stage of Reiss's wheel theory of love, partners ________.
A) engage in self-revelation
B) establish rapport
C) experience personality need fulfillment
D) have increased mutual dependency
Q4) Why is love unrequited? Explain with the help of reasons.
Q5) Briefly describe a characteristic of love.
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Chapter 7: Sexuality and Sexual Expression throughout Life
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Q1) Discuss some indicators of the persistence of the sexual double-standard.
Q2) Which of the following is an example of social exchange, a micro reason for extramarital sex?
A) Oscar, who has a strained relationship with his wife because he is unemployed, engaged in extramarital sex.
B) Danielle, who has low self-esteem, cheated on her husband because it helped boost her ego.
C) Mario, who has high social and economic status in society, has extramarital sex with attractive women who enjoy being with wealthy men.
D) Monica had sex with someone she had first met through a social networking site because she believed no one would find out about it.
Q3) The sexual drive that makes us receptive to sexual activity is called ________.
A) sexual orientation
B) sexual identity
C) sexual desire
D) sexual script
Q4) Why do STDs have more serious and frequent complications in women?
Q5) Explain the concept of homophobia with the help of examples.
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Chapter 8: Choosing Others: Dating and Mate Selection
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Q1) According to the filter theory, propinquity limits whom we meet, get to know, interact with, and marry.Which of the following, if true, supports this statement?
A) Trends show that men and women choose partners whose physical attractiveness is similar to their own.
B) Men seek younger women because they want to have children.
C) Studies show that the U.S.culture tends to make people's dating preferences and behavior more heterogamous.
D) Research indicates that 39 percent of U.S.workers have dated a coworker.
Q2) Which of the following is true of proms?
A) They are also known as hanging out.
B) They are used as a medium for getting together.
C) They are casual in nature.
D) They are popular traditional dating events.
Q3) What is a traditional date? Explain.
Q4) Charles, a researcher, finds that a relationship can be intimate only if both partners are equally happy and find the relationship mutually satisfying.Which mate-selection theory is Charles's finding based on? What are some of the propositions of this theory?
Q5) How is the concept of bride price different from dowry? Explain.
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Chapter 9: Singlehood, Cohabitation, Civil Unions, and Other Options
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Q1) Briefly explain why singles are postponing marriage.
Q2) ________ refers to a living arrangement in which two unrelated people, who aren't married, live together and are in a sexual relationship.
A) Prenuptial agreement
B) Civil union
C) Hooking up
D) Cohabitation
Q3) In which type of cohabitation do two people make a long-term commitment but do not get legally married?
A) accommodation
B) substitute marriage cohabitation
C) dating cohabitation
D) trial marriage cohabitation
Q4) Among all racial groups in America, the vast majority of people living alone are
A) white
B) African American
C) Latino
D) Asian American
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Marriage and Communication in Intimate Relationships
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Q1) James, a graduate student, moved out of his parents' house for a period of two years.However, he was unable to support himself and decided to move back with his parents.James condition is said to be a part of the ________.
A) Silent Generation
B) Lost Generation
C) boomerang generation
D) baby bloomer cycle
Q2) According to Cuber and Haroff, which of the following is an example of an intrinsic marriage?
A) conflict-habituated marriage
B) passive-congenial marriage
C) vital marriage
D) devitalized marriage
Q3) Which of the following is considered a latent reason for getting married?
A) love and companionship
B) social legitimacy
C) children
D) adult identity
Q4) Briefly describe a passive-congenial marriage.
Q5) Briefly describe marital stability and marital satisfaction.
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Chapter 11: To Be or Not to Be a Parent: More Choices, More
Constraints
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Q1) Women are temporarily childless if they plan to have children in the future.Briefly explain the terminology used to describe a woman who is biologically incapable of having children.
Q2) James and Marie are a couple that had mixed feelings before and after conception and even well into Marie's pregnancy.They decide to have the baby because James feels strongly about having a child.In this scenario, James and Marie are an example of
A) planner couples
B) acceptance-of-fate couples
C) ambivalent couples
D) yes-no couples
Q3) A(n)________ refers to the developing organism up to the eighth week of pregnancy.
A) embryo
B) fetus
C) egg cell
D) zygote
Q4) Explain three macro-level factors that affect birthrates.
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Q5) Explain three micro-level factors that contribute to postponed marriages.
Q6) Briefly describe a few benefits of becoming a parent.
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Page 14
Chapter 12: Raising Children: Promises and Pitfalls
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Q1) Which of the following is a difference between heterosexual families and homosexual families?
A) There exists a genderless division of labor in homosexual families unlike in heterosexual parents.
B) Heterosexual families are subjected to more prejudice and discrimination than homosexual families.
C) Parents in homosexual families tend to co-parent more equally than parents in heterosexual families.
D) Parents in homosexual families do not have to juggle work and domestic responsibilities like parents in heterosexual families.
Q2) Which of the following best describes absentee fathers?
A) fathers who died when their children were young
B) fathers who have abandoned their families
C) fathers who are away at work in another country
D) fathers who spend more time at work and less time with their families
Q3) In Mead's theory of the social self, what does the games stage involve? Describe briefly.
Q4) Discuss three factors that cause role strain for parents.
Q5) What is cyber bullying?
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Chapter 13: The Economy and Family Life
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Q1) Gina works as an architect at AMZ Corporation.She recently had a baby and plans to take two months of leave from work.Under the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993, which of the following benefits can she avail?
A) Gina can avail paid leave for 12 weeks.
B) Gina can take leave from work without losing her job.
C) Gina can return to a job with fewer responsibilities but with the same pay and benefits.
D) Gina can depend on the supervisor's good will for leave.
Q2) An advantage of two-income families is that they ________.
A) raise the family's standard of living
B) help parents spend more time with their children
C) lower role overload for parents
D) allow women to play the role of kin keepers
Q3) Captives are those who ________.
A) consider their careers more important than their families
B) are forced to become full-time homemakers because of the expectations of society
C) have high occupational aspirations
D) remain in the labor force reluctantly
Q4) What is globalization? Explain with the help of an example.
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Chapter 14: Domestic Violence and Other Family Health
Issues
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Q1) Michael, an alcoholic, kills his wife and two sons in a fit of rage and then attempts to commit suicide on the same day.This scenario is an illustration of ________.
A) patricide
B) familycide
C) parricide
D) euthanasia
Q2) ________ involves murdering one's spouse, ex-spouse, children, or other relatives before attempting or committing suicide.
A) Neonaticide
B) Omnicide
C) Parricide
D) Familycide
Q3) Which of the following is true of IPV among African American couples?
A) They are less likely than white couples to be mutually abusive.
B) They are generally more mutually abusive if they are married.
C) They are less likely to suffer from mutual IPV than interracial couples.
D) They are more likely to commit mutual IPV due to racial stress.
Q4) Briefly describe depression.
Q5) Briefly describe the terms "bulimia" and "anorexia nervosa."
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Chapter 15: Separation, Divorce, Remarriage, and Stepfamilies
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Q1) Which of the following occurs in the middle stage of emotional divorce?
A) Spouses feel disappointment in each other but hope the marriage will improve.
B) The unhappier partner begins to evaluate the rewards and costs of leaving the marriage.
C) One of the partners stops caring and detaches emotionally from the other.
D) One of the partner contacts a lawyer and files for divorce.
Q2) Which of the following is true of pseudo-reconciliation?
A) The couple lives together temporarily to meet the provisions for divorce.
B) The couple lives together but see other people.
C) The couple feels guilty for breaking the family and moves back in together.
D) The couple separates but are asked by the courts to remain as a couple till child custody is determined.
Q3) During the ________ remarriage stage, people's identity changes from that of a single individual to that of a couple.
A) community
B) psychic
C) emotional
D) parental
Q4) List and discuss the different types of stepfamilies.
Q5) Discuss the difficulties that are encountered in a same-sex divorce.
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Chapter 16: Families in Later Life
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Q1) Jessica believes that her brother James and she are loyal siblings.Which of the following statements will strengthen Jessica's claim?
A) They give each other help only if it doesn't conflict with other obligations.
B) Their relationship results from family bonds and not genuine affection and closeness.
C) They rarely think about each other but are in contact with each other.
D) They are very indifferent to each other and never keep in touch.
Q2) Discuss the various phases of grief.
Q3) Which of the following is true of social security?
A) It is a public retirement pension system.
B) It is an investment plan for older people.
C) It is a federal health insurance program for people age 65 and older.
D) It is a financial benefit provided exclusively to custodial caregivers.
Q4) A legal document that specifies the medical treatments a person would like to receive if incapacitated is known as a ________.
A) medical power of attorney
B) living will
C) codicil
D) medical contract
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