Human Behavior
Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course provides a comprehensive overview of the scientific study of human behavior, exploring the biological, psychological, and social factors that shape how individuals think, feel, and act. Topics include the influence of genetics and environment, motivation, emotion, perception, learning, personality development, social interactions, and the impact of culture. Through the examination of classic and contemporary theories, as well as empirical research, students will gain a deeper understanding of the complexities of human behavior and how this knowledge can be applied to real-world situations in various professional fields.
Recommended Textbook
Social Psychology and Human Nature Comprehensive Edition 3rd Edition by Roy F. Baumeister
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19 Chapters
2695 Verified Questions
2695 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Mission and the Method
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215 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Replication is essential to the self-correcting nature of science.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Johnna is examining how attitudes predict voting behavior. Her research will MOST likely involve an intersection of social psychology and what other social science?
A) Anthropology
B) Sociology
C) Political science
D) Economics
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following fields is best defined as "the study of human culture-the shared values, beliefs, and practices of a group of people"?
A) History
B) Political science
C) Social psychology
D) Anthropology
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Culture and Nature
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180 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A tradeoff is a choice in which choosing in one direction will maximize one benefit, but force you to sacrifice another benefit.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Across evolution, humans have competed most with ____ when trying to pass their genes passed down to subsequent generations.
A) other opposite-sex humans
B) other same-sex humans
C) other animal species
D) natural environmental forces
Answer: B
Q3) What best explains the fact that most fish have a relatively light colored belly and a relatively dark-colored top or back?
A) camouflage from bigger fish below and above
B) mating selection preference
C) evolutionary group survival
D) acclimation to varying ocean depths
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: The Self
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180 Verified Questions
180 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In cultures that emphasize ____, wedding ceremonies and their legal or religious value are seen as very important; the psychological meaning of weddings and the feelings of the spouses are of secondary importance.
A) self-regulation
B) self-handicapping
C) the self in public roles
D) the self as inner feelings
Answer: C
Q2) Suppose that you are studying the concept of self-handicapping. Research shows that you will be able to remember this concept especially well if you link it to yourself in some way (e.g., by thinking of personal examples of times that you yourself engaged in self-handicapping). This demonstrates the power of ____.
A) the self-reference effect
B) automatic egotism
C) the self-enhancement motive
D) self-regulation
Answer: A
Q3) The self-verification motive can also be called the ____________________motive.
Answer: consistency
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Chapter 4: Choices and Actions: The Self in Control
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185 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In social psychology, people who regard traits and abilities as fixed and stable are known as ____, while people who believe that it is possible to change and improve traits and abilities are known as ____.
A) entity theorists; incremental theorists
B) incremental theorists; entity theorists
C) individualists; collectivists
D) collectivists; individualists
Q2) The purpose of goal shielding is to ____.
A) ensure that you achieve your most important goals
B) provide rules to monitor your progress towards your goals
C) help develop plans to achieve your goals
D) manage the competition between multiple goals
Q3) Carefully controlled research testing the idea that many people have a "fear of success," and therefore sabotage their careers, has shown that ____.
A) this is somewhat common among women, but uncommon among men.
B) this is somewhat common among men, but uncommon among women.
C) many people do this, though they typically do it unconsciously.
D) in reality, almost no one seems to do this.
Q4) Suicidal people tend to worry that they will be ____________________to others.
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Chapter 5: Social Cognition
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177 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Social psychologists use the term ____ to refer to a process by which a given stimulus activates mental pathways, thereby enhancing their accessibility.
A) priming
B) framing
C) schematizing
D) attribution
Q2) Theory perseverance is the idea that ____.
A) once the mind draws a conclusion, it tends to stick with it, even if evidence points to the need for a change
B) theories in science will only persevere as long as evidence supports them
C) social conformity plays the biggest role in the success of a theory
D) the most consistent theory will naturally weed out weaker theories
Q3) Although some social psychologists might argue that the cognitive errors discussed in this chapter stem from laziness and motivational biases, there is another perspective that puts a more positive spin on this. Articulate the two main parts of this other, more positive, perspective.
Q4) Define and give an example of three heuristics that are discussed in the textbook.
Q5) Describe how one might reduce cognitive errors in processing social information.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Emotion and Affect
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191 Verified Questions
191 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In social psychology, a feeling state that is not linked to any particular event is known as a(n) ____.
A) mood
B) emotion
C) affect
D) response
Q2) For which group(s) is there a strong association between overeating and being in a bad mood?
A) Only adults with binge eating disorders
B) Both adults with binge eating disorders and adults who binge eat (but not those with clinical disorders)
C) Only adults who binge eat (but not those with clinical disorders)
D) Adults with binge eating disorders, adults who binge eat (but do not have clinical disorders), and adults who do not binge eat
Q3) The broaden-and-build theory is an explanation for ____.
A) how emotions guide learning and decision-making
B) the function of positive emotions
C) how we learn to identify emotions
D) how anger and aggression can be socially adaptive
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Attitudes, Beliefs and Consistency
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185 Verified Questions
185 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Social psychologists use the term ____________________ attitudes to refer to the fact that people have two types of attitudes-automatic attitudes and deliberate attitudes-that are not always consistent with one another.
Q2) Research on gender differences in sex-related attitudes and behaviors indicates that ____ show relatively more attitude-behavior consistency, and that this is largely owing to the fact that ____.
A) men; men tend to be the initiators of sexual activity
B) men; men's sexual responses are less context-dependent than women's C) women; women tend to be the initiators of sexual activity
D) women; women's sexual responses are less context-dependent than men's
Q3) Who is the most likely to be anxious, depressed, and/or low in self-esteem?
A) June, who believes she will be a doctor someday
B) Marsha, who is a devout Hindu
C) Holly, who believes in UFOs
D) Brendan, who holds Christian beliefs but doesn't practice them much
Q4) Fritz Heider's balance theory is also sometimes referred to as the ____________________ theory.
Q5) Discuss cognitive dissonance theory. What does the theory say, and what kinds of predictions does it make?
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Chapter 8: Social Influence and Persuasion
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183 Verified Questions
183 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A large furniture store puts an advertisement in the Sunday paper stating that a sale will occur on a holiday weekend and only for that weekend. What social influence strategy is the furniture store using?
A) limited-number technique
B) fast-approaching deadline
C) pique technique
D) disrupt-then-reframe technique
Q2) The ____________________ technique is a social influence technique based on reciprocity, wherein one first makes an inflated request, but-before the other person can respond-sweetens the deal by offering discounts or bonuses.
Q3) Compared to advertisers who communicate using repetition with variation, advertisers who use simple repetition are more likely to run the risk of advertising wearout.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Communications that are fear-based (e.g., messages about the dangers of smoking) are not always effective. In what cases are they ineffective, and what conditions are necessary for them to be effective?
Q5) The labeling technique is based on ____________________ principles.
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Chapter 9: Prosocial Behavior: Doing Whats Best for Others
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184 Verified Questions
184 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research with humans and monkeys on fairness-and the concepts of being overbenefited versus underbenefited-indicates that ____.
A) humans worry primarily about the former, while monkeys worry primarily about the latter
B) humans worry primarily about the latter, while monkeys worry primarily about the former
C) humans worry about both, while monkeys worry primarily about the latter
D) humans worry about both, while monkeys worry primarily worry about the former
Q2) Which of the following hypotheses looks at helping behavior as truly unselfish in nature?
A) empathy-altruism hypothesis
B) empathy-specific reward hypothesis
C) empathy-specific punishment hypothesis
D) negative state relief hypothesis
Q3) If a workgroup operates under the ____________________ norm, then each person in the group will be rewarded in direct proportion to the amount that he or she contributed.
Q4) In evolutionary theory, the tendency for people to help others who share their genes is known as ____________________.
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Chapter 10: Aggression and Antisocial Behavior
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184 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a good example of antisocial behavior?
A) Cruelly gossiping about an enemy
B) Boxing in a professional boxing match
C) Refusing to leave the house or talk to any friends or family
D) Killing someone for pay (as a "hit man")
Q2) At the most general level, the term antisocial behavior refers to ____.
A) behavior that damages interpersonal relationships or is culturally undesirable
B) any aggressive behavior or violent behavior
C) any behavior that harms those who are close to the perpetrator
D) behavior that is aberrant is some way and that the perpetrator enacts alone
Q3) As defined in the text, _____ is a state of disgrace, loss of self-respect, or loss of respect from others.
A) guilt
B) humiliation
C) anger
D) loathing
Q4) Most victims of child abuse go on to become abusers of their own children.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Attraction and Exclusion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lyndsay likes Matt a lot. Matt thinking Lindsay is okay, but does not like her as much as she likes him. What is Matt most likely feel with regard to Lyndsay after a while?
A) Burdened
B) Angry
C) Flattered
D) Sad
Q2) Tye frequently experiences social rejection by his peers. If he is like most people, on these occasions he is most likely to ____.
A) skip dinner altogether
B) eat an exceptionally "junky" dinner
C) eat an exceptionally healthy dinner
D) eat as he normally would
Q3) According to the Money Matters feature in your text, women tend to rate men's attractiveness based on ____.
A) waist-to-hip ratio alone
B) income alone
C) both waist-to-hip ratio and income, but income was more important
D) both waist-to-hip ratio and income, but waist-to-hip ratio was more important
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Chapter 12: Close Relationships: Passion, Intimacy, and Sexuality
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178 Verified Questions
178 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The tendency to condemn men more than women for the same sexual behavior is called a(n) ____.
A) double standard
B) reverse double standard
C) relationship-distressing attributional style
D) sunk cost
Q2) Which of the following offers an explanation for the existence of homosexuality based on Schachter's theory of emotion?
A) Sternberg's triangular theory of love
B) Social constructionist theories
C) The notion of "exotic becomes erotic"
D) The Coolidge effect
Q3) Compare and contrast perspectives on male and female sexuality derived from social constructionist theories, evolutionary theory, and social exchange theory.
Q4) The sexually arousing power of a new partner is called the Coolidge effect.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe how both personal and situational characteristics influence one's experience of jealousy.
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Chapter 13: Prejudice and Intergroup Relations
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176 Verified Questions
176 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the text, when do anti-fat attitudes begin?
A) Anti-fat attitudes appear to be innate, or inborn.
B) Anti-fat attitudes begin as early as preschool.
C) Anti-fat attitudes begin as early as ages 7-8.
D) Anti-fat attitudes begin as early as adolescence (ages 11 and on).
Q2) The tendency to focus more on evidence that confirms rather than refutes one's expectations is called ____.
A) the self-serving bias
B) salience
C) the confirmation bias
D) the discontinuity effect
Q3) Men tend to be rated less positively when they are seated next to an obese woman than when they are seated next to an average-weight woman. This tendency is known as ____.
A) prejudice contagion
B) stigma by association
C) the discontinuity effect
D) the social context bias
Q4) Explain what stereotype threat is, and how it affects performance.
Q5) To what degree are stereotypes accurate?
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) Even though committees consist of people who bring different types of knowledge to a collaborative group setting, they are often relatively ineffective in terms of making good use of all of their shared information. In large part, this seems to be because ____.
A) there are always one or two people who dominate committee meetings
B) people tend to focus on the knowledge and opinions they all have in common
C) people tend to engage in self-censorship
D) people do not like to disagree with committee leaders
Q2) Suppose that you are working on a group project with four other people, and that you need to come up with ideas about how to find research participants to complete a survey for free. Should you brainstorm ideas as a group or work independently?
A) Brainstorm-productivity will be about the same, but morale will be higher.
B) Brainstorm-both productivity and morale will be higher.
C) This depends on your goals-brainstorming will be less productive, but will raise morale more.
D) Work independently-morale will be about the same, and productivity will be higher.
Q3) The idea that one social loafer can cause others to loaf as well is known as the
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16
Chapter 15: Applying Social Psychology to Consumer Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tony is too cheap to buy weights to do weight-lifting. He therefore decides to use bottled water instead. Consumer psychologists would say that this is an example of
A) shrinkage
B) lateral cycling
C) product misuse
D) unbranded creativity
Q2) As discussed in the text, the consumer consumption process begins ____.
A) long before we choose a product
B) when we recognize that we need a product
C) when we decide to shop for a product
D) when we choose among different products
Q3) When consumers experience loud music, in-store crowding, or other shopping stressors, they tend to ____.
A) enact their dominant response
B) enact their non-dominant response
C) purchase more
D) purchase less
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Chapter 16: Applying Social Psychology to Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) How does stress relate to homeostasis?
A) Stress is the upsetting of homeostasis.
B) Stress is the exacerbation, or worsening, of homeostasis.
C) Stress leads to homeostasis.
D) Stress is caused by homeostasis.
Q2) Which of the following is most directly concerned with the stages that people go through-and the themes present at each stage-when they are trying to change a specific behavior?
A) The theory of planned behavior
B) The general adaptation syndrome
C) The cognitive appraisal model
D) The transtheoretical model
Q3) According to the general adaptation syndrome, long-term stressors ____.
A) can cause physiological (but not psychological) damage
B) can cause psychological (but not physiological) damage
C) can cause both physiological and psychological damage
D) have temporary negative effects, but cannot cause either physiological damage or psychological damage
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18
Chapter 17: Applying Social Psychology to the Workplace
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you discriminate against an individual in a protected class in a hiring decision, you must be sure that the reason for your discrimination is based upon a(n) ____.
A) performance review
B) OCB
C) quid pro quo
D) BFOQ
Q2) Phil comes to work late, routinely misses meetings, and always uses the office copier for personal business. Phil is engaged in ____.
A) work withdrawal
B) affective commitment
C) quid pro quo harassment
D) mentoring
Q3) The process organizations use to identify potential employees for a job is ____.
A) job analysis
B) organizational socialization
C) recruitment
D) performance review
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Chapter 18: Applying Social Psychology to the Law
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a properly conducted lineup, wherein eyewitnesses are asked to identify criminals who they saw commit a crime, the foils in the lineup are people who ____.
A) are all suspects of the crime
B) are all known to be innocent of the crime
C) do not match the physical description of the suspect
D) do not match the psychological profile of the suspect
Q2) Compared to other juries, juries that are "death qualified" tend to ____.
A) over-represent the poor.
B) over-represent women.
C) remember more of the evidence that is presented in a trial.
D) be more likely to judge defendants guilty rather than innocent.
Q3) Of the following, which personality trait is most predictive of whether people are lenient versus punitive in jury trial voting?
A) Introversion/extroversion
B) Authoritarianism
C) Self-monitoring
D) Need for closure
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Applying Social Psychology to the Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) At what age does awareness of personal space boundaries usually begin?
A) one
B) two
C) four
D) ten
Q2) The term ambient environment refers to the ____.
A) auditory environment (i.e., what we hear)
B) sensory environment in general (i.e., what we hear, see, feel, smell, etc.)
C) environment at a given instant in time
D) "vibe" or "mood" that one feels in one's environment
Q3) Which of the following is the best example of the one-person trap?
A) Excessive consumption of limited energy resources
B) Overeating
C) Drunk driving
D) Failing to report a witness in a murder
Q4) Research suggests that _____ can negatively impact employee work performance.
A) climate and noise (but not pollution)
B) noise (but not climate or pollution)
C) pollution and noise (but not climate)
D) climate, pollution, and noise
Page 21
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